2,038 research outputs found
To mix or not to mix gene pools for threatened species management?
No full textThis repository contains the text and supplementary material for the manuscriptLiddell E, Sunnucks P, Cook CN. (2021) To mix or not to mix gene pools for threatened species management? Few studies use genetic data to examine the risks of both actions, but failing to do so leads disproportionately to recommendations for separate management. Biological Conservation 256, 109072</p
Experimental investigation into the effect of substrate clamping on the piezoelectric behaviour of thick-film PZT elements
No full textThis paper details an experimental investigation of the clamping effect associated with thick-film piezoelectric elements printed on a substrate. The clamping effect reduces the measured piezoelectric coefficient, d33, of the film. This reduction is due to the influence of the d31 component in the film when a deformation of the structure occurs, by either the direct or indirect piezoelectric effect. Theoretical analysis shows a reduction in the measured d33 of 62%, i.e. a standard bulk lead zirconate titanate (PZT)-5H sample with a manufacturer specified d33 of 593pC/N would fall to 227.8pC/N. To confirm this effect, the d33 coefficients of five thin bulk PZT-5H samples of 220µm thickness were measured before and after their attachment to a metallized 96% alumina substrate. The experimental results show a reduction in d33 of 74% from 529pC/N to 139pC/N. The theoretical analysis was then applied to existing University of Southampton thick-film devices. It is estimated that the measured d33 value of 131pC/N of the thick-film devices is the equivalent of an unconstrained d33 of 345pC/N
Opportunities for improving the rigor of management effectiveness evaluations in protected areas
No full textManagement effectiveness evaluations are an increasingly common approach to measuring conservation outcomes within protected areas. While these evaluations have the potential to provide valuable data to guide management, the accuracy of evaluation data is not reported. We investigated how evaluation data are collected and used, the criticisms made of evaluation methods, and the processes employed to address criticisms or ensure accuracy. We found that most evaluation tools use qualitative indicators of management success and rely heavily on the knowledge of protected area managers. Criticisms of the evaluation methods have led to improvements to the data collection process, but the precision and accuracy of these data are almost never measured. We believe that measuring the accuracy of evaluation data will provide important opportunities to improve the rigor of future evaluations and build confidence in the use of these data for adapting protected area management
Why I Can't Read Wallace Stegner, and Other Essays
No full textThis provocative collection of essays reveals the passionate voice of a Native American feminist intellectual. Elizabeth Cook-Lynn, a poet and literary scholar, grapples with issues she encountered as a Native American in academia. She asks questions of critical importance to tribal people: who is telling their stories, where does cultural authority lie, and most important, how is it possible to develop an authentic tribal literary voice within the academic community? In the title essay, "Why I Can't Read Wallace Stegner," Cook-Lynn objects to Stegner's portrayal of the American West in his fiction, contending that no other author has been more successful in serving the interests of the nation's fantasy about itself. When Stegner writes that "Western history sort of stopped at 1890," and when he claims the American West as his native land, Cook-Lynn argues, he negates the whole past, present, and future of the native peoples of the continent. Her other essays include discussion of such Native American writers as Michael Dorris, Ray Young Bear, and N. Scott Momaday; the importance of a tribal voice in academia, the risks to American Indian women in current law practices, the future of Indian Nationalism, and the defense of the land. Cook-Lynn emphasizes that her essays move beyond the narrowly autobiographical, not just about gender and power, not just focused on multiculturalism and diversity, but are about intellectual and political issues that engage readers and writers in Native American studies. Studying the "Indian," Cook-Lynn reminds us, is not just an academic exercise but a matter of survival for the lifeways of tribal peoples. Her goal in these essays is to open conversations that can make tribal life and academic life more responsive to one another
Gas phase protonation of diazirines: A route to N-protonated diazomethanes
No full textN-Protonated diazomethanes have been generated successfully via gas phase protonation of the corresponding diazirines.PT: J; CR: ABBOUD JLM, 1994, J AM CHEM SOC, V116, P2486 COOK F, 1966, J AM CHEM SOC, V88, P3870 FRISCH MJ, 1995, GAUSSIAN 94 LIU MTH, 1987, CHEM DIAZIRINES MISHIMA M, 1989, NIPPON KAGAKU KAISHI, P1262 MISHIMA M, 1996, B CHEM SOC JPN, V69, P445 TAFT RW, 1983, PROG PHYS ORG CHEM, V14, P247 WIBERG KB, 1966, J AM CHEM SOC, V88, P365 WIBERG KB, 1966, J AM CHEM SOC, V88, P5272 ZOLLINGER H, 1994, DIAZO CHEM 1 2; NR: 10; TC: 1; J9: CHEM COMMUN; PG: 2; GA: 113PCSource type: Electronic(1
Aligning science and policy to achieve evolutionarily enlightened conservation
No full textThere is increasing recognition among conservation scientists that long-term conservation outcomes could be improved through better integration of evolutionary theory into management practices. Despite concerns that the importance of key concepts emerging from evolutionary theory (i.e., evolutionary principles and processes) are not being recognized by managers, there has been little effort to determine the level of integration of evolutionary theory into conservation policy and practice. We assessed conservation policy at 3 scales (international, national, and provincial) on 3 continents to quantify the degree to which key evolutionary concepts, such as genetic diversity and gene flow, are being incorporated into conservation practice. We also evaluated the availability of clear guidance within the applied evolutionary biology literature as to how managers can change their management practices to achieve better conservation outcomes. Despite widespread recognition of the importance of maintaining genetic diversity, conservation policies provide little guidance about how this can be achieved in practice and other relevant evolutionary concepts, such as inbreeding depression, are mentioned rarely. In some cases the poor integration of evolutionary concepts into management reflects a lack of decision-support tools in the literature. Where these tools are available, such as risk-assessment frameworks, they are not being adopted by conservation policy makers, suggesting that the availability of a strong evidence base is not the only barrier to evolutionarily enlightened management. We believe there is a clear need for more engagement by evolutionary biologists with policy makers to develop practical guidelines that will help managers make changes to conservation practice. There is also an urgent need for more research to better understand the barriers to and opportunities for incorporating evolutionary theory into conservation practice.</p
El Formativo temprano en la cuenca baja del río Pánuco: fases Chajil y Pujal. 28. Arqueología
No full textArias Melo Granados, Martha, “El Formativo en la Cuenca Baja del Pánuco”, México, tesis ENAH, 1982.Blanco, Alicia, Informe de los restos óseos de animales del Proyecto Huaxteca, México, DSA, INAH, 1983.Castañeda Cerecero, Laura, “Altamirano: Un sitio del Formativo al Noreste de México”, México, tesis ENAH, 1992.Ceja Tenorio, Jorge Fausto, Paso de la Amada. An Early Preclassic Site in the Soconusco, Chiapas, México, USA, NWAF núm. 45, 1985.Clark, John E. y Michael Blake, 1989. “El origen de la civilización en Mesoamérica: Los Olmecas y Mokaya del Soconusco de Chiapas, México”, en: M. Carmona (coord.), El Preclásico o Formativo. Avances y Perspectivas, México, MNA/INAH, 1989.Ford, J. A., A Comparison of Formative Cultures in the Americas. Diffusion or the Physical Unity of Man, USA, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1969.García Cook, Ángel, “Las cerámicas más tempranas en México”, en: Revista de Arqueología Americana, USA, 1998.García Cook, Ángel y B. Leonor Merino Carrión, Notas sobre “Caminos y Rutas de Intercambio al Este de la Cuenca de México”, en: Comunicaciones, núm. 14, México, FACI, 1977, pp. 71-82.____, “Investigación Arqueológica en la Cuenca Baja del Pánuco”, en: Homenaje a
José Luis Lorenzo, México, INAH, 1989, (Científica, 188).“Cronología para el periodo formativo en la Cuenca baja del Río Pánuco”, en: V Coloquio Pedro Bosch Gimpera, México, UNAM, en prensa.“El incio de la producción alfarera en el México Antiguo”, en Merino Carrión y García Cook (coords.), La producción alfarera en el México Antiguo, México, INAH, en prensa.García Samper, Asunción, “La Cerámica en la Huaxteca de la Planicie Costera”, México, tesis ENAH, 1982.Guzmán, Ana Fabiola y Óscar J. Polaco, “Los peces del sitio arqueológico de Altamirano, Veracruz”, Arqueología 27, México, INAH, enero-junio 2002.Lowe, Gareth, “Appendix Results of the 1965 Investigations at Altamira”, en: Altamira y Padre Piedra: Early Preclassic Sites in Chiapas, México, USA, By D. F. Green and G. W. Lowe, NWAF núm. 15, 1967, pp. 81-130.____, The Early Preclassic Barra Phase of Altamira, Chiapas. A Review with New Data, USA, NWAF núm. 38, 1975.MacNeish, Richard S., An early site near Pánuco, Veracruz (Transactions of the American Philosophical Society), USA, vol. XLIV, part 5, 1954.____, Preliminary Archaeological Investigations in the Sierra of Tamaulipas, México (Transactions in the American Philosophical Society), USA, Philadelphia, vol. 48, part. 6, 1958.Martínez, Alejandro, “Informe de Trabajos Arqueológicos de la 2a. Temporada del Proyecto Pujal Coy”, en: Archivo de la
Coordinación de Arqueología, México, INAH, mecanuscrito, 1977.Merino Carrión, Beatriz Leonor, Definición del Formativo en la cuenca baja del río Pánuco, en Archivo Técnico de la Coordinación Nacional de Arqueología, México, INAH, 1984.
____, Proyecto Arqueológico Cañón del Infiernillo-Cañón del Diablo, en Archivo Técnico de la Coordinación de Arqueología, México, INAH, 1992.Merino Carrión, Beatriz Leonor y Ángel García Cook, “Proyecto Arqueológico Huaxteca”, en: Arqueología, núm. 1, primera época, México, INAH, 1987.____, “El Formativo en la cuenca baja del Pánuco”, en: M. Carmona (coord.), El Preclásico o Formativo. Avances y Perspectivas, México, MNA/INAH, 1989.____, “Enterramientos de Perros durante el Formativo Temprano en el Noreste de México”, en: L. Manrique y N. Castillo
(coords.), Homenaje al Dr. Ignacio Bernal, México, INAH (Científica), 1997, pp. 408-430.
____, “Primeras evidencias de grupos sedentarios en el bajo Pánuco”, ponencia presentada en XXV Mesa Redonda de la SMA, San Luis Potosí, México, en prensa.Romero, Javier y Juan Valenzuela, 1945. “Expedición a la sierra Azul, Ocampo, Tamaulipas”, en Anales del Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, núm.1, México, INAH, 1945.Valenzuela, Juan y Javier Romero, Informe de la expedición a la Sierra Azul, Ocampo Tamaulipas, en Archivo Técnico de la Coordinación Nacional de Arqueología, México, INAH, 1937.Wilkerson, Jeffrey K., “The Northen Olmec and Pre-Olmec Frontier on the Gulf Coast”, en: The Olmec and Their Neighbors, USA, Dumbarton Oaks Resear, 1981
Factors Influencing Physical Risk Taking in Rock Climbing
No full textThis study was designed to investigate factors influencing physical risk taking in the sport of rock climbing. Specifically, the relationships between physical risk taking, sensation seeking, spheres of control, and desirability of control were examined. One hundred five rock climbers from the United States completed a series of surveys measuring each of the above-mentioned psychological variables. As predicted, physical risk taking demonstrated significant positive relationships to both total sensation seeking and thrill/adventure seeking (TAS). The expected relationships between physical risk taking, personal control and desirability of control were not supported. As hypothesized, no substantive patterns were revealed between physical risk taking and interpersonal control or sociopolitical control. Finally, comparisons between high and low physical risk taking rock climbers revealed significant group differences for total sensation seeking, TAS, and disinhibition. The identification of predictors of physical risk taking is a key step toward identifying individuals likely to engage in high physical risk behavior, and under what circumstances they are likely to do so
Reply to Comments on "Plotting positions in extreme value analysis" by N. Cook
No full textThis reply addresses the use of order statistics in extreme value analysis. The author has previously proposed in this journal that the distribution-dependent estimators of plotting position in extreme value analysis should be abandoned and replaced by the Weibull formula. It was also demonstrated that the use of the wrong plotting positions has resulted in underestimation of the probability of extreme-weather events. Cook’s comments challenge these developments and defend the previously presented plotting methods. In this reply it is outlined that the Weibull formula provides the exact probability PI of nonexceedance in order-ranked data. Hence, there is no sampling error related to PI. This renders Cook’s primary arguments invalid. The specific critical comments by Cook are also replied to and are shown to be unfounded
RRS James Cook Cruise JC064, 10 Sep - 09 Oct 2011. RAPID moorings cruise report
No full textThis cruise report covers scientific operations conducted during RRS James Cook Cruise JC064. Cruise JC064, departed from Falmouth on Thursday 1st September 2011 arriving Santa Cruz de Tenerife Saturday 10th September to pick up extra members of the scientific party and arriving again in Santa Cruz on the 9th October. The purpose of the cruise was the refurbishment of an array of moorings on the mid-Atlantic Ridge and off the Moroccan Coast at a nominal latitude of 26.5°N. The moorings are part of a purposeful Atlantic wide mooring array for monitoring the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and Heat Flux. The array is a joint UK/US programme and is known as the RAPID-WATCH/MOCHA array. Information and data from the project can be found on the web site hosted by the National Oceanography Centre Southampton http://www.noc.soton.ac.uk/rapidmoc and also from the British Oceanographic Data Centre http://www.bodc.ac.uk.
The array as deployed in 2011-2012 consists of a total of 17 moorings, 16 landers and a single inverted echo sounder. The moorings are primarily instrumented with self logging instruments measuring conductivity, temperature and pressure. Direct measurements of currents are made in the shallow and deep western boundary currents. The bottom landers are instrumented with bottom pressure recorders (also known as tide gauges), measuring the weight of water above the instrument.
The RAPID naming convention for moorings is Western Boundary (WB), Eastern Boundary (EB) and Mid‐Atlantic Ridge (MAR) indicating the general sub‐regions of the array. Numbering increments from west to east. An L in the name indicates a bottom lander, M indicates a mini‐mooring with only one instrument, H indicates a mooring on the continental slope. During JC064 we recovered: MAR0, MAR1L4, MAR1, MAR2, MAR3, MAR3L4, EB1, EB1L7, EBHi, EBH1, EBH1L7, EBH2, EBH3, EBH4, EBP2, EBH5, EBM5. We did not recover EBM1, EBM4, EBM6, EBH1 and MAR3. We deployed: MAR0, MAR1L7, MAR1, MAR2, MAR3, MAR3L6, EB1, EB1L7, EBHi, EBH1, EBH1L8, EBH2, EBH3, EBH4, EBP2, EBH5. A sediment trap mooring NOGST was also recovered and redeployed for the Ocean Biogeochemistry and Ecosystems Group at the NOCS.
CTD stations were conducted at convenient times throughout the cruise for purposes of providing pre and post deployment calibrations for mooring instrumentation and for testing mooring releases prior to deployment.
Shipboard underway measurements were systematically logged, processed and calibrated, including: waves (spectra of energy and significant wave height), surface meteorology (air pressure, temperature, wind speed and direction and radiation (total incident and photosynthetically active), 6m‐depth sea temperatures and salinities, water depth, navigation (differential GPS measurements feeding two independent and different receivers, heading, pitch and roll, gyro heading and ships speed relative to the water using an electromagnetic log). Water velocity profiles from 15m to approximately 800m/300m depth were obtained using a ship mounted 75/150 kHz acoustic Doppler current profiler. Seawater samples from CTD stations and of the sea-surface were obtained for calibration and analysed on a salinometer referencing these samples against standard sea water. For velocity data (wind and currents) measured relative to the ship considerable effort was made to obtain the best possible earth referenced velocities.
Seven APEX argo floats supplied by the Met Office were deployed at preassigned locations, filling gaps in the network
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