1,721,300 research outputs found
Non-invasive pressure support ventilation in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: common strategy for different pathologies?
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Non-invasive ventilation
No full textNon-invasive ventilation (NIV) is an effective technique that can avert side effects and complications associated with endotracheal intubation. NIV is primarily used to avert the need for endotracheal intubation in patients with early stage acute respiratory failure (ARF), and to prevent postextubation respiratory failure in patients considered to be at risk. It can also be used as an alternative to invasive ventilation at a more advanced stage of ARF or to facilitate the process of weaning from mechanical ventilation. The success of NIV relies on several factors including the type and severity of ARF, the underlying disease, the timing, the location of treatment, and the experience of the team. In this review article, we analyze, compare, and discuss the results of studies in which NIV was applied in different pathologies and with different timing during the evolution of ARF
End-stage respiratory diseases and respiratory support
No full textThis chapter will focus on reviewing the current literature on care of dying patients with end-stage respiratory disorders in the last days of their life. First, the focus will be on recognising, assessing and relieving the most typical late-stage symptom: breathlessness (dyspnoea). Secondly, specific challenges to face when looking after these patients will be discussed: assisted breathing, oxygen use, mechanical ventilation withdrawal, medications and the role of palliative care. Lastly, ancillary topics will be covered, such as ethics, spiritual needs, and patients’ and their families’ perspectives
Advanced Sensors for Diesel Engines
Full text linkQuesta tesi descrive il lavoro inerente allo sviluppo di un sensore di qualità diesel. Il lavoro è svolto all'interno di un dottorato industriale in partnership con Bosch e mira a monitorare costantemente la qualità del carburante utilizzato nella maggior parte dei veicoli pesanti, ma non solo. Il motivo che spinge Bosch a questo tipo di misurazione è il deterioramento della pompa del carburante diesel dovuto all'uso di carburante di scarsa qualità.
L'obiettivo finale è, quindi, la prototipazione di un sistema di rilevamento in linea, che viene posto sulle tubazioni per la distribuzione del gasolio, nel sistema di pre-alimentazione, a fianco del serbatoio.
Diverse soluzioni sono state esplorate e analizzate per trovare la tecnica che garantiva il rilevamento dell'acqua nel gasolio. Le tecniche a microonde e ottiche sono state confrontate, simulate e analizzate. Diversi prototipi sono stati realizzati e confrontati tra loro, evidenziando buoni risultati.This thesis describes the work inherent in the development of a diesel quality sensor. The work is carried out within an industrial doctorate in partnership with Bosch and aims to constantly monitor the quality of the fuel used in most heavy vehicles, but not only. The reason that drives Bosch to this type of measurement is the deterioration of the diesel fuel pump due to the use of poor-quality fuel.
The final objective is, therefore, the prototyping of an in-line detection system, that is placed on the pipelines for the distribution of diesel, in the pre-feeding system, next to the tank.
Different solutions have been explored and analyzed to find the technique that guaranteed the detection of water in diesel. Microwave and optical techniques have been compared, simulated and analyzed. Several prototypes were made and compared with each other, highlighting good results
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