1,175 research outputs found
Windfall management for poverty reduction : improving public finance Management-the case of Chad
No full textThis paper aims at providing a guide to ensure efficiency in the management of Chad's windfall to support the development process and poverty reduction. The analysis is based on the lessons and experience of countries that have successfully used natural-resource-generated windfalls to launch their development process while avoiding the natural resource curse. The paper also discusses the petroleum management arrangements in place in Chad for poverty reduction. The author argues that the successful management of Chad's windfall for poverty reduction will depend on the effectiveness of oil revenue management arrangements in place in Chad and the government's willingness to improve public finance management (PFM).Public Sector Expenditure Analysis&Management,Debt Markets,,Public Sector Economics&Finance,Banks&Banking Reform
Who attends antenatal care and expanded programme on immunization services in Chad, Mali and Niger? the implications for insecticide-treated net delivery.
No full textUNLABELLED: ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Malaria remains one of the largest public health problems facing the developing world. Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) are an effective intervention against malaria. ITN delivery through routine health services, such as antenatal care (ANC) and childhood vaccination (EPI), is a promising channel of delivery to reach individuals with the highest risk (pregnant women and children under five years old). Decisions on whether to deliver ITNs through both channels depends upon the reach of each of these systems, whether these are independent and the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of each. Predictors of women attending ANC and EPI separately have been studied, but the predictors of those who attend neither service have not been identified. METHODS: Data from Chad, Mali and Niger demographic and health surveys (DHS) were analyzed to determine risk factors for attending neither service. A conceptual framework for preventative health care-seeking behaviour was created to illustrate the hierarchical relationships between the potential risk factors. The independence of attending both ANC and EPI was investigated. A multivariate model of predictors for non-attendance was developed using logistic regression. RESULTS: ANC and EPI attendance were found to be strongly associated in all three countries. However, 47% of mothers in Chad, 12% in Mali and 36% in Niger did not attend either ANC or EPI. Region, mother's education and partner's education were predictors of non-attendance in all three countries. Wealth index, ethnicity, and occupation were associated with non-attendance in Mali and Niger. Other predictors included religion, healthcare autonomy, household size and number of children under five. CONCLUSIONS: Attendance of ANC and EPI are not independent and therefore the majority of pregnant women in these countries will have the opportunity to receive ITNs through both services. Although attendance at ANC and EPI are not independent, delivery through both systems may still add incrementally to delivery through one alone. Therefore, there is potential to increase the proportion of women and children receiving ITNs by delivering through both of these channels. However, modelling is required to determine the level of attendance and incremental potential at which it's cost effective to deliver through both services
Changes in Central Walker Lane strain accommodation near Bridgeport, California, as told by the Stanislaus Group /by Chad William Carlson.
No full textThe Walker Lane (WL) is an elongate, NW-oriented, region of active tectonics presently accommodating ~20-25% of the dextral-motion between the Pacific and North American plates. This portion of dextral-motion is being accommodated on regional-scale systems of predominantly strike-slip faulting between the northwesterly-translating Sierra Nevada (SN) microplate and the east- west extension of the Basin and Range. At the western edge of the central Walker Lane (ca. 38??-39??N latitude) is a region of crustal-scale blocks bounded by wedge- shaped depositional-basins and normal-fault systems, here defined as the west- central Walker Lane (WCWL). Devoid of obvious strike-slip faulting, the presence of tectonic-block vertical-axis rotations in the WCWL represents unrecognized components of dextral-shearing and/or changes of strain- accommodation over time. This study uses paleomagnetic reference directions for Eureka Valley Tuff (EVT) members of the late Miocene Stanislaus Group (SG) as spatial and temporal markers for documentation of tectonic-block vertical-axis rotations near Bridgeport, CA._x000D_Study-site rotations produced discrete rotational-domains of mean vertical- axis rotation ranging from ~10??-30?? with heterogeneous regional distribution. Additionally, the highest measured magnitudes of vertical-axis rotation (~50??-60?? CW) define a ??Region of High Strain?? that includes the Bridgeport Valley (Basin). Unrecognized tectonic modification of reference direction sites for 2 (By-Day and Upper) of the 3 members of the EVT resulted in under-estimates of vertical-axis_x000D_rotations by previous studies. Mean-remanent-directions and virtual geomagnetic- poles from this study yield a recalculated reference direction for the By-Day member of: Dec.=353.2??; Inc.= 43.7??; _95=10.1. This recalculated value confirms the presence of previously unrecognized reference site rotations, and provides an additional reference direction for determining vertical-axis rotation magnitudes. This study presents a kinematic model based on mean rotation magnitudes of ~30?? CW for the Sweetwater Mountains and Bodie Hills that accounts for rotational- strain-accommodation of dextral-shear in the WCWL since the late Miocene. This model considers rotational magnitudes, paleostrain, edge-effects, present-day strain-accommodating structures, and geometric limitations of rotating crustal blocks to represent changes in regional strain accommodation over time. The results and models presented here elucidate the complicated and evolving nature of the WCWL, and further understanding of variations in strain accommodation for the Walker Lane
Chad Genetic Diversity Reveals an African History Marked by Multiple Holocene Eurasian Migrations
No full textUnderstanding human genetic diversity in Africa is important for interpreting the evolution of all humans, yet vast regions in Africa, such as Chad, remain genetically poorly investigated. Here, we use genotype data from 480 samples from Chad, the Near East, and southern Europe, as well as whole-genome sequencing from 19 of them, to show that many populations today derive their genomes from ancient African-Eurasian admixtures. We found evidence of early Eurasian backflow to Africa in people speaking the unclassified isolate Laal language in southern Chad and estimate from linkage-disequilibrium decay that this occurred 4,750–7,200 years ago. It brought to Africa a Y chromosome lineage (R1b-V88) whose closest relatives are widespread in present-day Eurasia; we estimate from sequence data that the Chad R1b-V88 Y chromosomes coalesced 5,700–7,300 years ago. This migration could thus have originated among Near Eastern farmers during the African Humid Period. We also found that the previously documented Eurasian backflow into Africa, which occurred ∼3,000 years ago and was thought to be mostly limited to East Africa, had a more westward impact affecting populations in northern Chad, such as the Toubou, who have 20%–30% Eurasian ancestry today. We observed a decline in heterozygosity in admixed Africans and found that the Eurasian admixture can bias inferences on their coalescent history and confound genetic signals from adaptation and archaic introgression
A Tale of Two Tournaments: The Red Cross Games and the Early NCAA-NIT Relationship
No full textThe purpose of this article is to explore the relationship between the National Invitational Tournament (NIT) and National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). To do so, the author explores the Red Cross War Benefit Games, which pitted the champions of the two tournaments against one another, with the proceeds benefiting the Red Cross. These contests represented the only times the two tournaments or their teams interacted. The author explores the Games’ significance and the manner in which they helped propel the NCAA men’s basketball tournament to preeminent status
Editorial Comment
No full textByline: Chad R. Ritch Author Affiliation: Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TennesseeAcademi
Covid-19 Data from Senegal and Chad
No full textDescription of the files containing the data on covid-19 in Senegal and Chad. They are collected and calculated by the author and are freely available under creative comon open licens
Changing alignments: meanders of the political elite in Chad
No full textAt the outset the author shows the geographical and cultural background the country. Then he describes its creation and the most significant events of the independent state. In the presentation the author emphasizes that there are many opposing views on causes and the course of the civil strife in Chad from the first years of its independence. He summarises the most common explanations and points out that they are often based on stereotypes and subjective selected facts from the History of the country. He states that in these explanations there is much truth but they have to be taken into account in their totality and not on a selective basis. The author emphasizes the role played by France in creating colonial and independent Chad and continues to be involved by many armed interventions. He points to the changeable politics of Sudan and Libya towards the republic of Chad and also to the financial and other involvement of the USA and even Israel. He also discusses the role of „social class" and „professional classes" in the conflict, the role of Marxist ideology, cultural role of traditional communities and their segmentation. He underlines that these last ones from their nature have a limited role in the creation of state structures in the European sense. He explains many complicated interpersonal relations in the internal politics of Chad. Finally he puts the question as to whether this state is capable of existing and shows admiration for the many small local structures which allows the local people to survive
progress report FY 2004-2005
No full textPI: Michael Qian, Oregon State University ; collaborators: Chad Finn, USDA-ARS HCRL, Jan-Marie Schroeder, Oregon Raspberry & Blackberry Commission.This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
Egypt and the Chad: Some Additional Remarks
No full textThis article is an addendum to the contribution published by the author in JAEI 2:4 (2010). It draws attention to the importance ofresearch on the connection between Egypt and the Chad region with regard to observations made on shared linguistic features, and therecent hypothesis that rock drawings at Gilf Kebir display possible precursors to Egyptian religious concepts. Also published here is away marker discovered in the 1990s on the proposed trajectory of the prolonged Abu Ballas trail into the Chad Basin.DOI:10.2458/azu_jaei_v03i4_schneide
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