412 research outputs found
All Personality is Performance
No full textAdapted for the stage for the first time, The Driver’s Seat is one of renowned novelist Muriel Spark’s most gripping and disturbing books.
At the centre of this taut, darkly comic thriller is Lise, an enigmatic young woman who is compelled to travel alone to an unnamed city.
Professor Willy Maley, English Literature, University of Glasgow considers the author and protagonist of The Driver’s Seat: a “study of self-destruction”
Tethya wilhelma (Porifera) Is Highly Resistant to Radiation Exposure and Possibly Cancer
No full textThere are no reports of cancer in sponges, despite them having somatic cell turnover, long lifespans, and no specialized adaptive immune cells. In order to investigate whether sponges are cancer resistant, we exposed a species of sponge, Tethya wilhelma, to X-rays. We found that T. wilhelma can withstand 518 Gy of X-ray radiation. That is approximately 100 times the lethal dose for humans. A single high dose of X-rays did not induce cancer in T. wilhelma, providing the first experimental evidence of cancer resistance in the phylum Porifera. Following X-ray exposure, we found an overexpression of genes involved in DNA repair, signaling transduction pathways, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. T. wilhelma has the highest level of radiation resistance that has yet been observed in animals that have sustained somatic cell turnover. This may make them an excellent model system for studying cancer resistance and developing new approaches for cancer prevention and treatment
Democracy Sausage with Mark Kenny: Departure in the absence of victory?
No full textOn this episode of Democracy Sausage, political correspondent Karen Middleton, diplomacy and Afghan politics expert William Maley, and gender equity advocate Virginia Haussegger join Mark Kenny to discuss Australia’s nearly two decades in Afghanistan. Two years into the war in Afghanistan, United States President George W Bush said it was “mission accomplished”. But nearly two decades after the September 11 attacks, the Taliban has negotiated a favourable agreement with the United States and Australia has closed its embassy, citing security concerns amidst the withdrawal of Australian and international forces. So what was it all for? And, crucially, what does this mean for the Afghan people? On this episode of Democracy Sausage, journalist and author of An unwinnable war: Australia in Afghanistan Karen Middleton, scholar of Afghan politics Emeritus Professor William Maley, and gender equity advocate Virginia Haussegger join Mark Kenny to look back on Australia’s time in Afghanistan and discuss what the future may hold for the country
The evolution of biodiversity : a simulation approach
No full textThesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1998.Vita.Includes bibliographical references (p. 186-195).by Carlo C. Maley.Ph.D
Ten years of conflict management research 2007-2017
No full textPurpose: The purpose of this study is to map the intellectual structure of conflict management studies by investigating the key themes, concepts and their relationships for the period 2007-2017. The study updates the previous decade (1997-2006) investigation by Ma et al. (2008) to reflect the increased publication efforts in the field. Design/methodology/approach: Bibliometric analysis was used to trace the development path of the extant literature. The study included activity indicators such as distribution of articles and most-cited journals; relationship indicators such as co-author analysis and keyword analysis; and the mapping of the theoretical foundations. Findings: The analysis identified five key themes that help track the direction of conflict management research: negotiation, mediation, trust, conflict management styles and performance. Originality/value: These themes show a wider diversification of topics in the field than in the past, corroborating previous results about the reputation and maturity of conflict management as an independent scientific field of research. This study will help scholars to improve their understanding of the evolution of conflict management studies and the direction that conflict management research is taking, in particular, identifying available avenues for future research
Approaching cancer evolution from different angles
No full text© 2020 The Author(s) Dr Francesca Ciccarelli (The Francis Crick Institute, UK) and Dr James De Gregori (University of Colorado, USA) interview 3 top scientists in clinical (Dr Charles Swanton, The Francis Crick Institute, UK), molecular (Dr Kornelia Polyak, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, USA), and evolutionary cancer research (Dr Carlo Maley, Arizona State University, USA) to discuss the current status of knowledge, the challenges, and the opportunities to move the field forward
Natural Selection in Cancer Biology: From Molecular Snowflakes to Trait Hallmarks
No full textEvolution by natural selection is the conceptual foundation for nearly every branch of biology and increasingly also for biomedicine and medical research. In cancer biology, evolution explains how populations of cells in tumors change over time. It is a fundamental question whether this evolutionary process is driven primarily by natural selection and adaptation or by other evolutionary processes such as founder effects and drift. In cancer biology, as in organismal evolutionary biology, there is controversy about this question and also about the use of adaptation through natural selection as a guiding framework for research. In this review, we discuss the differences and similarities between evolution among somatic cells versus evolution among organisms. We review what is known about the parameters and rate of evolution in neoplasms, as well as evidence for adaptation. We conclude that adaptation is a useful framework that accurately explains the defining characteristics of cancer. Further, convergent evolution through natural selection provides the only satisfying explanation both for how a group of diverse pathologies have enough in common to usefully share the descriptive label of "cancer" and for why this convergent condition becomes life-threatening
“Wade in the water”: Jim Crow scenes from Maysville, Kentucky
No full textThis research explores Jim Crow scholarship in real estate, entertainment, policing, and recreation. The thesis of this research is that outside forces came to bear on Jim Crow laws and customs. This research will show that without that outside pressure, a more equal society may not have evolved organically. In addition, this research highlights scenes from the small town of Maysville, Kentucky to more fully illustrate the power and tenacity of Jim Crow. This research is not meant to belittle the efforts of thousands of brave Americans, of all colors, who risked and sometimes lost their lives in the face of racial bigotry and oppression. It is rather to suggest that without the full power of the federal government behind them, their heroic struggle might not have happened and most certainly would have been more burdensome.
The methodology employed in this project was to locate primary and secondary sources related to the topic and apply those sources to the central argument of the thesis. These sources were used to gain an understanding of Jim Crow as a social and political phenomenon and demonstrate that Jim Crow was so engrained into the fabric of American life that it took a national effort spearheaded by all three branches of the federal government to wrench it away from the American experience. (Author abstract)Maley, G.S. (2019). “Wade in the water”: Jim Crow scenes from Maysville, Kentucky. Retrieved from http://academicarchive.snhu.eduMaster ArtsHistoryCollege of Online and Continuing Educatio
Modeling the Subclonal Evolution of Cancer Cell Populations
No full textAbstract
Increasing evidence shows that tumor clonal architectures are often the consequence of a complex branching process, yet little is known about the expected dynamics and extent to which these divergent subclonal expansions occur. Here, we develop and implement more than 88,000 instances of a stochastic evolutionary model simulating genetic drift and neoplastic progression. Under different combinations of population genetic parameter values, including those estimated for colorectal cancer and glioblastoma multiforme, the distribution of sizes of subclones carrying driver mutations had a heavy right tail at the time of tumor detection, with only 1 to 4 dominant clones present at ≥10% frequency. In contrast, the vast majority of subclones were present at <10% frequency, many of which had higher fitness than currently dominant clones. The number of dominant clones (≥10% frequency) in a tumor correlated strongly with the number of subclones (<10% of the tumor). Overall, these subclones were frequently below current standard detection thresholds, frequently harbored treatment-resistant mutations, and were more common in slow-growing tumors.
Significance: The model presented in this paper addresses tumor heterogeneity by framing expectations for the number of resistant subclones in a tumor, with implications for future studies of the evolution of therapeutic resistance. Cancer Res; 78(3); 830–9. ©2017 AACR.</jats:p
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