330 research outputs found
Blowin' in the wind
No full textThe new Open Jet Facility wind tunnel, which is scheduled to blow its first wind on 24 October, has been a project in the mind of designer Nando Timmer for over twenty years. "I have had moments when I thought it was never going to happen.
Weighted sufficientarianisms: Carl Knight on the excessiveness objection
No full textCarl Knight argues that lexical sufficientarianism, which holds that sufficientarian concerns should have lexical priority over other distributive goals, is ‘excessive’ in many distinct ways and that sufficientarians should either defend weighted sufficientarianism or become prioritarians. In this article, I distinguish three types of weighted sufficientarianism and propose a weighted sufficientarian view that meets the excessiveness objection and is preferable to both Knight’s proposal and prioritarianism. More specifically, I defend a multi-threshold view which gives weighted priority to benefits directly above and below its thresholds, but gives benefits below the lowest threshold lexical priority over benefits above the highest threshold
Weighted sufficientarianisms: Carl Knight on the excessiveness objection
No full textCarl Knight argues that lexical sufficientarianism, which holds that sufficientarian concerns should have lexical priority over other distributive goals, is ‘excessive’ in many distinct ways and that sufficientarians should either defend weighted sufficientarianism or become prioritarians. In this article, I distinguish three types of weighted sufficientarianism and propose a weighted sufficientarian view that meets the excessiveness objection and is preferable to both Knight’s proposal and prioritarianism. More specifically, I defend a multi-threshold view which gives weighted priority to benefits directly above and below its thresholds, but gives benefits below the lowest threshold lexical priority over benefits above the highest threshold
Smallholder Agriculture, Wage Labour, and Rural Poverty Alleviation in Mozambique: What Does the Evidence Tell Us?
No full textMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Directorate of Economics, Republic of Mozambiquefood security, food policy, Mozambique, smallholder agriculture, commercial agriculture, Food Security and Poverty, Q18,
Equity in education: Assessing policy efforts in us schools
No full textSchools are in a unique position to identify and address student need in order to ensure all children can fully engage in the classroom learning experience, and it is critical to understand policy efforts aimed at addressing these needs and how they might contribute to valued student outcomes. This dissertation consists of two distinct papers using quantitative policy analysis to examine efforts to provide student support and access to classroom learning.
In Paper 1, I compare several different approaches (e.g., English as a Second Language, bilingual, dual language) to helping English Learners (ELs) achieve proficiency in English and access core curriculum content, as demonstrated by achievement on reading and mathematics standardized assessments. I use two nationally representative longitudinal data sets, the Early Childhood Longitudinal Studies, kindergarten classes of both 1998 and 2010, and utilize propensity score matching to perform a careful comparison of both the groups’ academic performance at each wave of data collection as well as achievement trajectories from kindergarten through third grade. I then perform sensitivity analyses to further ensure the robustness of the findings. I find that students in all settings generally demonstrate similar achievement in early elementary grades as well as similar growth trajectories, and findings are robust to the presence of all but the most extreme of possible omitted variables. Importantly, students in programs involving instruction in students’ first language did not demonstrate lower achievement than those in English-only settings. Finally, I discuss the implications of this work for informing policy decisions regarding services provided to ELs.
In Paper 2, I examine a new federal policy expanding free school breakfast and lunch offerings, the Community Eligibility Provision of the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010, which has particular importance for children from low-income families, and its relationship with student attendance. Specifically, I focus on the first three years the program was available in Illinois, one of the first states eligible for participation. I use a difference-in-differences ordinary least-squares regression approach to estimate the relationship between program participation and student attendance amongst eligible schools, and I then use an instrumental variables approach to examine the relationships between participation and attendance amongst all schools in the state. Findings indicate that expanded access to free school breakfast and lunch is associated with increased attendance at participating schools both overall and for several student subgroups in particular. As attendance is positively associated with other valued student outcomes, such as academic achievement and attainment, these findings are promising in highlighting how students can be positively affected by this federal policy effort.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2020-05-01The student, Jennifer Timmer, accepted the attached license on 2018-04-15 at 23:11.The student, Jennifer Timmer, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2018-04-15 at 23:15.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2018-04-17 at 12:18.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #12260 on 2018-08-31 at 17:29:08Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-04T20:47:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3
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Food Security and Economic Growth: An Asian Perspective
No full textFood security is an elusive concept. Many economists doubt that it has any precise meaning at all. Having enough to eat on a regular basis, however, is a powerful human need, and satisfying this need drives household behavior in both private and public markets in predictable ways. Indeed, the historical record suggests that policy initiatives by central governments to satisfy this need for food security—at the level of both households and national markets—can speed economic growth in countries where a substantial proportion of the population does not get enough to eat. Paradoxically, in most successfully developing countries, especially those in the rice-based economies of Asia, the public provision of food security quickly slips from its essential role as an economic stimulus into a political response to the pressures of rapid structural transformation, thereby becoming a drag on economic efficiency. The long-run relationship between food security and economic growth thus tends to switch from positive to negative over the course of development. Because of inevitable inertia in the design and implementation of public policy, this switch presents a serious challenge to the design of an appropriate food policy.Food security, democracy, foreign assistance, economic development
REFLECTIONS ON AGRARIAN REFORM AND CAPACITY BUILDING IN SOUTH AFRICA
No full textInstitutional and Behavioral Economics,
Study on aerodynamic imbalance of wind turbine rotors: An investigation of effects due to blade pitch assymetry.
No full textEWEMWind EnergyAerospace Engineerin
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