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Tumors of the thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
No full textIn the years since the publication of the Third Series AFIP Fascicles on the thyroid and parathyroid glands, awareness of the remarkable morphologic diversity of thyroid carcinoma has notably expanded, and great advances have been made in unraveling the molecular genetic features of thyroid and parathyroid tumors. There has also been an increased interest in the use of the fine-needle aspiration technique for the diagnosis and management of thyroid tumors, and in the role of the pathologist in the operative handling of the hyperfunctioning parathyroid gland. This Fascicle documents the most significant advances that have taken place in these areas, emphasizing those with a practical application at the clinical level. The format remains similar to that of the previous versions, but the two thyroid and parathyroid Fascicles have been merged into one, and most of the black and white gross photographs and photomicrographs have been replaced with color images. The authors include a number of the most recent references, but have not ignored the classic works in the field, many of which have descriptions, illustrations, and insights that cannot be bettered.
This Fascicle fulfills the original goal of this series, which is that of helping the pathologist diagnose and anticipate the behavior of tumors and tumor-like lesions included in this publication
Oxytocin receptors in human adenocarcinomas of the endometrium: presence and biological significance.
No full textOxytocin receptors (OTRs) are expressed in endometrial cells and oxytocin (OT) participates in endometrial functions. In cancers derived from other OT target tissues, such as breast and neural tissues, the expression of OTRs and the antiproliferative effect of OT on cancer cells has been previously observed. This study was therefore designed to search for OTR expression and the OT effect in endometrial carcinomas. To demonstrate the presence and the location of OTRs and OTR mRNA immunocytochemical, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and in situ hybridization (ISH) procedures were employed in a series of human adenocarcinomas of the endometrium. Using an anti-OTR monoclonal antibody (IF3), OTRs were demonstrated in the large majority of endometrial carcinomas (82%), with a pattern of positivity varying from diffuse to focal, according to tumour differentiation. The OTR gene was demonstrated in 78% of the cases by RT-PCR and its presence was confirmed in selected cases by ISH. Moreover, in a human endometrial carcinoma cell line (COLO 684) OTR was demonstrated by immunofluorescence and RT-PCR and it was observed that OT treatment (10-11-10-7M) significantly inhibited cell proliferation. Neither toxic effects nor apoptosis were induced by OT treatment. The addition of an inhibitor of protein kinase A (PKA) to the culture medium abolished the antiproliferative effect of OT, suggesting that cAMP via PKA could be the intracellular mediator of the OT effect, as previously observed in breast and neural tumours. In conclusion, this study presents evidence of OTR expression in human endometrial carcinomas and of an OT antiproliferative effect on human endometrial cancer cells in vitro. It is further suggested that OT and OTR may be involved in the regulation of endometrial cells, not only in physiological conditions but also in a neoplastic context
RET/PTC oncogene activation defines a subset of papillary thyroid carcinomas lacking evidence of progression to poorly differentiated or undifferentiated tumor phenotypes
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