86,861 research outputs found
Reconceptualising housing emptiness beyond vacancy and abandonment
No full textThe academic reflection on different manifestations of building emptiness is broad, intersecting the last sixty years of various debates on urban issues. Despite this, the conceptualisation of building emptiness and its nuances is not yet completely satisfactory. Definitions are blurred and different phenomena are often mixed. It is against this backdrop that, after a short state-of-the-art review, this paper proposes a precise conceptualisation of the main states of emptiness of housing assets. Four critical conditions are identified: i) uncompletedness, that is the condition of a building which, during the construction phase, is left unfinished; ii) long-term vacancy, that is the state of a property which remains on the real estate market for a prolonged period of time, for any reason other than the conventional circumstances of the ordinary life of a building; iii) under- and unoccupancy, which are conditions of finished properties that are not available for sale or rent and are either used occasionally (under-occupancy) or not put to any residential use (unoccupancy); iv) abandonment, that is the state of an empty building which has not been inhabited and maintained for a long time, thus being detached from the housing market due to its physical decay. Subsequently, the implications of such conceptualisation are stressed, with reference to both descriptive and normative issues. For instance, this conceptualisation could help a finer understanding of the negative externalities of different states of housing emptiness, as well as it could favour more careful ethical judgements
Phyllomedusa nordestina Caramaschi 2006, sp.nov.
No full text<i>Phyllomedusa nordestina</i> sp.nov. (Figs.12-16) <p> Holótipo − BRASIL: BAHIA: Município de Maracás (13 o 26’S, 40 o 26’W, 960m de altitude), MNRJ 1 3 6 0 7, a d u l t o (F i g. 1 2), 1 4-1 6/I I/1 9 8 7, U.Caramaschi col.</p> <p>Parátipos − Todos coletados na localidade-tipo: MNRJ 13602-13606, 13608-13611, nove machos, coletados com o holótipo; MNRJ 34303-34312, JJ 7042-7043, 7044-7053, dezoito machos e quatro fêmeas, 07-08/ I/1975, J.Jim, U.Caramaschi, L.A.Toledo, C.M.Carvalho & S.A.Mioni cols.; MNRJ 13597-13601, 34228-34302, JJ 7054-7061, dezessete machos e quatro fêmeas, 09/I/1975, J.Jim, U.Caramaschi, L.A.Toledo, C.M.Carvalho & S.A.Mioni cols.; MNRJ 34283-34287, JJ 7062-7066, oito machos e duas fêmeas, 12/I/1975, J.Jim, U.Caramaschi, L.A.Toledo, C.M.Carvalho & S.A.Mioni cols.; JJ 7084, fêmea, 17- 19/I/1978, U.Caramaschi & M.Soma cols.; MNRJ 35223-35228, UFBA 2076-2095, dezesseis machos e dez fêmeas, 17-20/I/2004, M.F.Napoli, M.Camardelli e I.Cruz cols.</p> <p> Diagnose − Espécie pertencente ao grupo de <i>P. hypochondrialis</i>, caracterizada por: (1) tamanho médio para o grupo (CRC 32,1-42,1mm em machos, 38,6-43,7mm em fêmeas); (2) ausência ou apenas uma faixa branca muito estreita no lábio superior; (3) presença de barras verticais pretas sobre fundo vermelho-alaranjado nas faces ocultas dos flancos e membros locomotores; (4) presença de uma faixa verde larga em todo o comprimento da face superior da coxa; (5) ausência de padrão de desenho reticulado nas pálpebras, lábios e faces inferiores do corpo e membros locomotores; (6) ausência de faixa esbranquiçada na lateral do corpo e na face posterior da tíbia.</p> <p> Comparação com outras espécies − A presença de padrão de barras verticais pretas sobre fundo vermelho-alaranjado nas partes ocultas dos flancos e membros aproxima <i>P. nordestina</i> sp.nov. de <i>P. azurea</i>, <i>P. centralis</i> e <i>P. hqpochondrialis</i>. <i>Phqllomedusa nordestina</i> sp.nov. difere de <i>P. azurea</i> pela ausência ou apenas por uma faixa branca muito estreita no lábio superior (faixa branca presente em <i>P. azurea</i>), maior número de faixas pretas, mais estreitas, nas partes ocultas dos flancos e membros (menor número de faixas pretas, mais largas, em <i>P. azurea</i>) e pelo focinho truncado em vistas dorsal e lateral (arredondado em <i>P. azurea</i>). Distingue-se de <i>P. centralis</i> por possuir as barras pretas das partes ocultas dos flancos e membros bem definidas (barras menos definidas, tendendo a formar células em <i>P. centralis</i>) e faixa verde larga em todo o comprimento da coxa (faixa estreita apenas nos 2 / 3 distais da coxa em <i>P. centralis</i>). Separa-se de <i>P. hqpochondrialis</i> pela ausência ou apenas uma faixa branca muito estreita no lábio superior, que não atinge a borda da pálpebra superior e não é visível em aspecto dorsal da cabeça (faixa branca larga, que atinge a borda da pálpebra inferior e é visível em vista dorsal da cabeça em <i>P. hqpochondrialis</i>), discos adesivos pequenos, menores que o tímpano (discos adesivos grandes, maiores que o tímpano em <i>P. hqpochondrialis</i>) e por possuir uma faixa verde larga em todo o comprimento da face superior da coxa (faixa verde estreita em apenas 2 / 3 a 3 / 4 distais da face superior da coxa em <i>P. hqpochondrialis</i>). <i>Phqllomedusa nordestina</i> sp.nov. distingue-se de <i>P. aqeaqe</i>, <i>P. megacephala</i> e <i>P. oreades</i> por apresentar padrão de faixas ou barras pretas sobre fundo vermelho-alaranjado nas partes ocultas dos flancos e membros (padrão formado por células vermelhoalaranjado contornadas de roxo-escuro ou preto naquelas espécies), por não possuir desenho</p> <p> reticulado nos lábios superior e inferior, pálpebras e faces inferiores do corpo e membros (reticulado presente nos lábios, pálpebras e faces inferiores de <i>P. ayeaye</i>, no lábio inferior, pálpebras e faces inferiores dos membros de <i>P. oreades</i> e na pálpebra inferior de <i>P. megacephala</i>) e por possuir uma faixa verde larga em todo o comprimento da face superior da coxa (estreita faixa verde apenas no terço distal da face superior da coxa naquelas espécies). O padrão de barras pretas sobre fundo vermelhoalaranjado na região ingüinal e partes ocultas dos membros, ausência de uma faixa lateral esbranquiçada e ausência de uma faixa esbranquiçada na face posterior da tíbia de <i>P. nordestina</i> sp.nov. a separam de <i>P. palliata</i> (padrão de manchas irregulares pretas sobre fundo vermelho-alaranjado e presença de uma faixa lateral e de uma faixa na face posterior da tíbia esbranquiçadas em <i>P. palliata</i>). O padrão de barras pretas sobre fundo vermelho-alaranjado na região ingüinal e partes ocultas dos membros e a ausência de uma faixa lateral esbranquiçada em <i>P. nordestina</i> sp.nov. a distingue de <i>P. rohdei</i> (que apresenta padrão de manchas e faixas arroxeadas pouco definidas e uma faixa lateral esbranquiçada).</p> <p>Descrição do holótipo − Aspecto robusto (Fig.12); cabeça mais larga que longa, largura da cabeça cabendo 3,2 vezes no CRC; focinho truncado em vistas dorsal e lateral (Figs.13-14); narinas pequenas, subcantais, dirigidas lateralmente e mais próximas da ponta do focinho que dos olhos; distância internasal maior que a distância narinaolho, que a largura da pálpebra superior e que o diâmetro do tímpano, mas menor que o diâmetro do olho e que o espaço interorbital; canto rostral distinto, arredondado; região loreal vertical, ligeiramente côncava; lábios não espessados; olhos grandes, pouco protuberantes; espaço interorbital plano; cristas cefálicas ausentes; tímpano pequeno, aproximadamente circular; diâmetro do tímpano pouco maior que metade do diâmetro do olho; fraca prega dérmica supratimpânica presente; glândulas parotóides e saco vocal indistintos; língua longa, piriforme, inteira, extensivamente livre e não entalhada atrás; dentes vomerianos ausentes; coanas pequenas, amplamente separadas.</p> <p>Braços robustos; antebraços ligeiramente hipertrofiados, sem cristas. Mão (Fig.15) com tubérculo palmar grande, aproximadamente circular; dedos esbeltos, não palmados e não fimbriados, com discos apicais pouco desenvolvidos, menores que o tímpano; dedo I espessado na base, provido de asperezas nupciais córneas e em oposição aos outros dedos; tubérculos subarticulares únicos, grandes, arredondados; tubérculos supranumerários presentes, grandes e arredondados.</p> <p>Pernas curtas, moderadamente robustas; comprimento da coxa ligeiramente maior que o comprimento da tíbia e ambos menores que o comprimento do tarso-pé; soma dos comprimentos da coxa e da tíbia 86,5% do CRC; calcanhar atingindo o tímpano quando a perna é adpressa ao corpo; calcanhares se sobrepondo quando as pernas são flexionadas em ângulo reto em relação ao corpo; apêndice calcar e prega tarsal ausentes. Pé (Fig.16) com artelhos esbeltos, não palmados e não fimbriados, com discos adesivos apicais pouco desenvolvidos, menores que o tímpano; artelhos I e II em oposição aos demais; tubérculos subarticulares únicos, arredondados; tubérculos supranumerários grandes, arredondados.</p> <p>Pele do dorso lisa; região gular e superfícies ventrais do corpo e membros, rugosa; região cloacal moderadamente glandulosa; abertura cloacal não modificada.</p> <p>Colorido − Em vida, dorso da cabeça e do corpo, verde; uma linha verde-clara pouco evidente longitudinal, mediana, do focinho até a região do uróstilo; região loreal verde, sem faixa branca nem areolado na borda do maxilar, ou apenas presença de uma faixa branca muito estreita; pálpebra inferior brancacenta, sem areolado. Uma linha branca dorsolateral, delimitando o verde do dorso, estendendo-se do canto da boca à virilha; abaixo dessa linha branca há uma linha preta, do canto da boca até o início do terço posterior do corpo, delimitando a face ventral do corpo. Região ingüinal vermelho-alaranjada com barras verticais pretas bem definidas. Braço com faces anterior e posterior vermelho-alaranjadas com barras transversais pretas; face dorsal percorrida por uma faixa verde; face ventral amarelo-avermelhada. Antebraço com face anterior vermelho-alaranjada com barras transversais pretas; face dorsal verde, que é continuação da faixa de mesma cor do braço que percorre o cotovelo, todo o antebraço, metade externa do dorso da mão, dedo IV até a base do disco adesivo e dedo III até metade de seu comprimento; metade dorsal interna da mão e dedos I e II, amarelo-avermelhado; na linha dorsolateral do antebraço, uma linha branca que vai do cotovelo até a base do disco adesivo do dedo IV; abaixo dessa linha branca há uma faixa cinzaescura com tubérculos brancos; face ventral do antebraço e palma da mão amarelo-avermelhadas.</p> <p>Faces anterior e posterior da coxa vermelhoalaranjadas com barras verticais pretas bem definidas; face dorsal verde, sendo que esse colorido se estende desde o dorso, pela coxa, joelho, face dorsal da tíbia, calcanhar, face dorsolateral posterior do tarso e pé, até a metade do artelho V e um terço do dedo IV; face ventral amareloavermelhada. Faces interna e inferior da tíbia vermelho-alaranjadas com barras verticais pretas bem definidas; linha dorsolateral da tíbia com uma linha branca em cima de uma outra linha preta, ambas contornando o joelho e indo até a articulação interna tíbio-tarsal. Face interna do tarso, pé e artelhos I, II e III, vermelho-alaranjado com barras verticais pretas bem definidas; linha externa do tarso com uma linha branca superior e uma linha preta infelior, ambas contornando o calcanhar, tarso e pé, atingindo a base do disco adesivo do artelho V; face ventral do tarso e pé cinza-escuro com manchas irregulares brancacentas. Regiões gular, peitoral e abdominal, brancacentas; borda da mandíbula sem areolado preto, mas delimitada inferiormente por uma linha preta. Região cloacal cinza, delimitada superiormente por curta linha branca em cima de outra preta.</p> <p>Em preservativo, as partes verdes em vida tornamse azul-esverdeadas e as partes vermelhoalaranjadas e amarelo-avermelhadas tornam-se brancacentas. Linhas pretas e brancas, bem como as barras pretas, se mantêm inalteradas.</p> <p>Medidas do holótipo − CRC 34,6; CC 10,2; LC 10,9; DIN 3,4; DNO 2,6; DO 3,8; LPS 2,6; DIO 4,1; DT 1,9; CCX 15,4; CTB 14,9; CTP 21,1.</p> <p>Variação − Os exemplares examinados são congruentes quanto aos caracteres morfológicos e colorido. Machos são ligeiramente menores que as fêmeas. Amplitude, média e desvio-padrão das medidas de machos e fêmeas são apresentadas na tabela 3.</p> <p> Girino − CRUZ (1982) descreveu e figurou o girino de <i>P. nordestina</i> sp.nov., identificado como <i>P. hypochondrialis</i>, com base em exemplares obtidos em Itagibá, Estado da Bahia, Brasil.</p> <p>Distribuição geográfica − Nordeste do Brasil, na região da Caatinga e suas áreas de influência, nos Estados do Piauí, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Sergipe, Bahia e Minas Gerais (Fig.6).</p> <p>Etimologia − O nome da espécie, um adjetivo, refere-se à sua distribuição no nordeste do Brasil.</p> <p> Comentários − <i>Phyllomedusa nordestina</i> sp.nov. foi encontrada consistentemente confundida com <i>P. hypochondrialis</i> em todas as coleções examinadas e é provável que o mesmo ocorra em outras coleções.</p>Published as part of <i>Caramaschi, Ulisses, 2006, Redefinição Do Grupo De Phyllomedusa Hypochondrialis, Com Redescrição De P. Megacephala (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926), Revalidação De P. Azurea Cope, 1862 E Descrição De Uma Nova Espécie (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae), pp. 159-179 in Arquivos do Museu Nacional 64 (2)</i> on pages 170-174, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/2580059">10.5281/zenodo.2580059</a>
The tadpole of Odontophrynus monachus Caramaschi & Napoli, 2012 (Amphibia, Anura: Odontophrynidae)
No full textMenegucci, Rafael C., Santos, Marcus Thadeu T., De Magalhães, Rafael F., Machado, Ibere F., Garcia, Paulo C. A., Pezzuti, Tiago L. (2016): The tadpole of Odontophrynus monachus Caramaschi & Napoli, 2012 (Amphibia, Anura: Odontophrynidae). Zootaxa 4161 (4): 549-553, DOI: http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4161.4.
Frostius erythrophthalmus Pimenta & Caramaschi, 2007, sp.nov.
No full textFrostius erythrophthalmus sp.nov. (Fig. 1–2) Holotype. MNRJ 27245, adult female, from Fazenda Caititu (14 o 25 ’S, 39 o04’W, 136 m above sea level), Municipality of Uruçuca, State of Bahia, Brazil, collected by B.V.S. Pimenta and R.L. Vieira, between 19 and 22 July 2000. Paratypes. MNRJ 27246-27249, four adult females, collected with the holotype; MNRJ 27250, adult female, from Estação Ecológica Estadual (EEE) Nova Esperança (13 o 36 ’S, 39 o 43 ’W, 472 m above sea level), Municipality of Wenceslau Guimarães, State of Bahia, Brazil, collected by B.V.S. Pimenta, 14 March 2000; MNRJ 35398-35400, one adult male and two adult females, from Parque Estadual (PE) Serra do Conduru, Setor Norte (14 o 30 ’S, 39 o07’W, 320 m above sea level), Municipality of Itacaré, State of Bahia, Brazil, collected by B.V.S. Pimenta, 25–26 March 2004; MNRJ 44556-44558, two adult males and one adult female, from Serra do Timorante (14 o 26 ’S, 40 o04’W, 650 m above sea level) and from an unnamed forest patch (14 o 25 ’S, 40 o07’W, 920 m above sea level), both localities at the Municipality of Boa Nova, State of Bahia, Brazil, collected by C. Canedo and F. Falcão, 19 and 24 November 2006. Diagnosis. The species is characterized by: (1) dorsal surfaces dark gray, almost black; (2) ventral surfaces black, except for the yellow ventral face of thighs in life; (3) iris red in life; (4) tympanum large (mean TD/ED 0.69), circular; (5) fingers and toes short, slender, with poorly developed apical discs; (6) dorsal skin rugose, with rounded warts; (7) parotid glands absent. Frostius erythrophthalmus sp.nov. is readily distinguished from F. pernambucensis by its dorsal surfaces being dark gray, ventral surfaces black, iris red in life, digits looking short (proximal phalanges of fingers I and IV and of toes I, II, III, and V seem “embedded” into hand and foot), digits slender, with poorly developed apical discs, and tympanum large (mean TD/ED 0.69, range 0.54–0.90), circular. In F. pernambucensis, dorsal and ventral surfaces are brown to light brown, the iris is yellow in life, digits are long, laterally expanded, with developed apical discs, and the tympanum is small (mean TD/ED 0.54, range 0.34–0.66), vertically elliptical (Fig. 3). Description of holotype. Body robust, without clear subdivision between head and body in dorsal view (Fig. 1); head as wide as long; snout truncate in dorsal view, protruding in profile (Fig. 2); nostrils not protuberant, located slightly below the canthus rostralis, directed laterally; internarial distance smaller than eye-tonostril distance, eye diameter, and interorbital distance, about the same size of the upper eyelid width, and larger than the tympanum diameter; eye-to-nostril distance approximately equalling eye diameter and larger than the upper eyelid width; interorbital distance about twice the tympanum diameter; tympanum circular, with a weak supratympanic ridge; tympanum large, its diameter 69 % of eye diameter; eyes slightly protuberant, upper eyelid width about 65 % of interorbital distance; parotid glands and cranial crests absent; canthus rostralis straight; loreal region concave; choanae circular, large; tongue long, narrow, adherent by a small portion in front, extensively free behind. Forelimbs long, slender; forearms slightly more robust than arms. Hand (Fig. 2) large; fingers slender, not fringed nor webbed, with apical discs poorly developed; proximal phalanges of fingers I and IV and of toes I, II, III, and V “embedded” into hand, making fingers look short; relative lengths of fingers I<II<IV<III; finger I thickened at base; finger III with small dermal spines on inner margin; inner metacarpal tubercle large, round, at the base of finger I; outer metacarpal tubercle large, round, subdivided; subarticular tubercles single, round, larger on finger II; supernumerary tubercles present, small. Hindlimbs long, slender; thigh length slightly greater than tibia length, with tibia length about 94 % of thigh length; sum of thigh and tibia lengths about 80 % of snout-vent length. Foot (Fig. 2) large, tarsus-foot length greater than the sum of thigh and tibia lengths; toes slender, not fringed nor webbed, with apical discs poorly developed; proximal phalanges of toes I, II, III, and V “embedded” into foot, making toes look short; relative lengths of toes I<II<V<III<IV; inner metatarsal tubercle large, approximately elliptical; outer metatarsal tubercle half the size of inner tubercle, round; subarticular tubercles single, round; supernumerary tubercles present, approximately the same size as subarticular tubercles, but less protruding; tarsal ridge absent. Dorsum rugose, with scattered, rounded warts; dorsal surfaces of arms and tibiae covered by small tubercles; ventral surfaces finely rugose. Color in life. Dorsum uniformly dark gray, almost black; sides of body grayish-blue, with small yellow dots scattered but concentrated near the inguinal region; gular region, chest, and belly uniformly gray with small yellow scattered dots; ventral surface of thighs with a irregular, elongate, yellow marking. Iris red, with a thin longitudinal black stripe passing over the pupil. Fingers I and II, and toes I, II and III, yellow; outer fingers and toes dark gray. Color in preservative. In preservative, dark colors are maintained almost as described in life. Yellow markings become cream. Iris becomes dark gray. Measurements of holotype. SVL 25.6; HW 8.5; HL 8.4; IND 2.1; END 2.2; ED 2.6; UEW 2.0; IOD 3.5; TD 1.8; HAL 5.5; THL 10.0; TL 9.7; TFL 13.4. Variation. There is little variation among the type specimens. In MNRJ 27249 and MNRJ 35398-35400, the head is wider than long; in MNRJ 27247 and MNRJ 35398, the internarial distance is less than the upper eyelid width; the interorbital distance may reach up to two or three times the tympanum diameter; the tympanum diameter varies between 54 and 90 % of eye diameter. Tibia length is slightly greater than thigh length in MNRJ 27248-27249; in the other specimens, tibia length varies from 91 to 97 % of thigh length. Male specimens have single, subgular, poorly developed vocal sacs. No variation in life color other than the distribution of yellow dots is observed. Females are slightly larger than males. Range, mean, and standard deviation of measurements of females and males are presented in Table 1. Natural history. Frostius erythrophthalmus sp.nov. occurs in primary or slightly disturbed fragments of the hygrophilous forests of southern Bahia. Fragments at the type locality, in the contiguous forests of PE Serra do Conduru, and in the EEE Nova Esperança are well preserved patches of ombrophilous forests (Jardim 2003). Specimens were found during the night in leaf litter or sitting on the leaves of bushes or bromeliads, 0.1 to 0.7 m above ground. One male was found at ca. 1.3 m above ground climbing on an almost vertical tree trunk. All specimens were found away from water bodies, suggesting an association with bromeliads, as previously observed in F. pernambucensis (Cruz and Peixoto 1982). Etymology. The name of the species is composed by the Greek words “ erythros ” (“red”, an adjective) and “ ophthalmus ” (“eye”, a substantive), in allusion to the red iris in life. Distribution. Frostius erythrophthalmus sp.nov. is known from four localities in the Atlantic Rain Forest Domain in southern Bahia, at altitudes between 140 and 920 m above sea level. It extends the distribution of the genus ca. 190 km southwards to the Municipality of Boa Nova in the State of Bahia (Fig. 3; Appendix). The northernmost locality known for F. erythrophthalmus sp.nov. (EEE Nova Esperança, Municipality of Wenceslau Guimarães) is only 88 km distant from the southernmost known locality of F. pernambucensis (Serra da Jibóia, Municipality of Santa Terezinha; Juncá & Freitas, 2001). During the comparative analysis, we found in MNRJ a young specimen of F. pernambucensis from the Municipality of João Pessoa, State of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil, extending the distribution range of the genus 105 km airline northwards (Fig. 3; Appendix). Although it was a young specimen, it could readily be identified by its small, vertically elliptical tympanum, which we find to be a diagnostic character for F. p e r - nambucensis. Remarks. In describing Atelopus pernambucensis, Bokermann (1962) reported that it was not possible to relate it to other species then included in Atelopus and that its small size and absence of color pattern were unique. Cruz and Peixoto (1982) later described the tadpole of A. pernambucensis and, based on data on the biology and larval characters, affirmed that the species probably deserved a different generic status. Cannatella (1986) concluded that the species was unique by having an external tympanum and proposed the new genus Frostius for it. The new genus was considered a sister-group to Atelopus Duméril and Bibron or, alternatively, the sister-group to Atelopus + Osornophryne Ruiz-Carranza and Hernández-Camacho. The relationships still remain unsolved, since Frostius was not included in the phylogenetic approaches of Graybeal (1997) or Frost et al. (2006). Anuran communities in southern Bahia have been studied since the first expeditions of European naturalists to Brazil, like Wied (1821, 1824) and Spix (1824). These collections, although limited in geographic range, launched the basis for the taxonomic studies of many Brazilian anurans, some of them described from Bahia. After that, further studies at some localities in the Atlantic Rain Forest of southern Bahia were sporadically carried out only between the 1970 ’s to the 1990 ’s. In this period, 12 species were described from this region (see SBH 2005; Frost 2006). Regular investigations of these communities started only in the 2000 ’s. From 2000 to 2005, these inventories expanded the geographic ranges of 16 species to include the State of Bahia (Argôlo 2000; Pimenta & Silvano 2001 a, b, c; Silvano & Pimenta 2001 a, b, c, d; Pimenta & Cruz 2004; Pimenta et al. 2005; see also Frost 2006) and four species previously known only from their type localities were found elsewhere (see Frost 2006). From 2003 to 2005, ten new species were described (see SBH 2005; Frost, 2006), and three species were rediscovered (Feio et al. 2003; Caramaschi et al. 2004; Dixo 2004). It clearly shows that this virtually unexplored region holds a huge, but poorly sampled anuran diversity. Although the amount of data regarding the taxonomy, composition, and distribution patterns of the anuran fauna of southern Bahia has been rapidly improved in the last six years, much work is still to be done. Mountainous areas have been poorly investigated when compared to lowlands, and these altitudinal forest patches are better preserved due to the difficult access, inhibiting, for the moment, timber exploitation and occupation by crops or cattle. Further inventories in these areas would certainly lead to the discovery of other unknown species and new patterns of distribution.Published as part of Pimenta, Bruno V. S. & Caramaschi, Ulisses, 2007, New species of toad, genus Frostius Cannatella, 1986, from the Atlantic Rain Forest of Bahia, Brazil (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae), pp. 61-68 in Zootaxa 1508 on pages 62-67, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17720
FIGURE 1 in Phenotypic variation of Leptodactylus cupreus Caramaschi, São-Pedro and Feio, 2008 (Anura, Leptodactylidae)
No full textFIGURE 1. Geographical distribution of Leptodactylus cupreus.Published as part of <i>Cassini, Carla S., Orrico, Victor G. D., Dias, Iuri Ribeiro, Solé, Mirco & Haddad, Célio F. B., 2013, Phenotypic variation of Leptodactylus cupreus Caramaschi, São-Pedro and Feio, 2008 (Anura, Leptodactylidae), pp. 73-84 in Zootaxa 3616 (1)</i> on page 75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3616.1.6, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10097296">http://zenodo.org/record/10097296</a>
FIGURE 5 in Phenotypic variation of Leptodactylus cupreus Caramaschi, São-Pedro and Feio, 2008 (Anura, Leptodactylidae)
No full textFIGURE 5. Spines on inner surface of finger III and IV of Leptodactylus cupreus (CFBH 26359).Published as part of <i>Cassini, Carla S., Orrico, Victor G. D., Dias, Iuri Ribeiro, Solé, Mirco & Haddad, Célio F. B., 2013, Phenotypic variation of Leptodactylus cupreus Caramaschi, São-Pedro and Feio, 2008 (Anura, Leptodactylidae), pp. 73-84 in Zootaxa 3616 (1)</i> on page 78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3616.1.6, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10097296">http://zenodo.org/record/10097296</a>
La temporalità del capitale fisico nel post-sisma: riflessioni a partire dal caso aquilano
No full textElachistocleis matogrosso Caramaschi 2010
No full textElachistocleis matogrosso Caramaschi, 2010 as junior subjective synonym of Elachistocleis bicolor (Guérin-méneville, 1838) The two topotypical samples of E. matogrosso were recovered in E. bicolor (Fig. 1). Although some SDM analyses grouped those samples as a different putative species (see ASAP-16S-splitter and mPTP, Fig. 1), their morphological variation falls in what we observed for E. bicolor, as delimited herein. Caramaschi (2010) distinguished E. bicolor and E. matogrosso by subtle differences in four morphological traits: head proportions (HL/HW about 0.92 in E. matogrosso vs. HL/HW below 0.90 in E. bicolor); the mid-dorsal white line (present in E. matogrosso vs. absent in E. bicolor); loreal region colouration (same grey colour of dorsum in E. matogrosso and white in E. bicolor); and shape of the femoral line (broad in E. matogrosso vs. thin in E. bicolor). None of these differences listed by Caramaschi (2010) holds for the voucher specimens we examined. All are in the range of variation of those characters: the HL/HW ratio varies significantly from 0.76 to 0.93 (N = 24), and the specimens from Cuiabá (type locality of E. matogrosso) have the ratio of 0.84 and 0.88; the mid-dorsal line may be present or absent (Fig. 1); all vouchers have the loreal region with the same colour of the dorsum, which varies from shades of grey to brown; the femoral line is usually thin, but at least one voucher from Argentina (LGE 10782) has a broad line, as does one voucher from Cuiabá originally assigned to E. matogrosso (AAG-UFU 5954). Therefore, due to its phylogenetic position, and genetic and morphological similarity, we formally propose that Elachistocleis matogrosso Caramaschi, 2010 is a junior subjective synonym of Elachistocleis bicolor (GuérinMéneville, 1838). Elachistocleis bicolor has a long and complex nomenclatural history (for a summary and references see: Frost, 2022). Currently, E. bicolor is recognized as a species with an immaculate yellow venter and dorsum lacking the mid-dorsal white line (Lavilla et al., 2003; Caramaschi, 2010). Lavilla et al. (2003) argued that the type locality of E. bicolor is Buenos Aires, Argentina; although it is not clear if they were referring to the city of Buenos Aires or the Province of Buenos Aires. Our conclusions would not change either way, as all the nearest samples to both regions belong to the same species (Figs 1, 3). It is important to remark that, although most of the vouchers we examined indeed fit into the current understanding of E. bicolor morphology, some of them do not. Several specimens have the mid-dorsal line, others have the venter with a finely spotted pattern and one specimen (AAG-UFU 5953) has both a dorsal line and a maculate belly (Figs 1, 4E). Even though the ventral colour pattern of this specimen is not as evident as the pattern seen in specimens of the E. surinamensis group, it is certainly not equal to the uniformly immaculate pattern historically described for E. bicolor. What is even more remarkable is that another syntopic and genetically identical (p -distance = 0.0%) specimen (AAG-UFU 5954) has the classical immaculate yellow belly (Marinho et al., 2018: fig. 6). We note that ontogenetic variation has been recorded for the ventral colour pattern in at least one species (Elachistocleis haroi; Bueno-Villafañe et al., 2020). Juveniles and subadults of E. haroi present a venter translucent grey with small black specks and white stains, while the yellow colouration develops gradually with growth and sexual maturation of the individuals (see: Bueno-Villafañe et al., 2020: fig. 1). Curiously, the three vouchers of E. bicolor with spotted venters are one juvenile and two small-sized males (SVL ≈ 23 mm). This, of course, is not indisputable evidence of a consistent pattern (the other two smaller males have uniform immaculate yellow venter), but certainly requires further investigation.Published as part of Novaes-E-Fagundes, Gabriel, Lyra, Mariana L., Loredam, Vinicius S. A., Carvalho, Thiago R., Haddad, Célio F. B., Rodrigues, Miguel T., Baldo, Diego, Barrasso, Diego A., Loebmann, Daniel, Ávila, Robson W., Brusquetti, Francisco, Prudente, Ana L. C., Wheeler, Ward C., Orrico, Victor Goyannes Dill & Peloso, Pedro, 2023, A tale of two bellies: systematics of the oval frogs (Anura: Microhylidae: Elachistocleis), pp. 545-568 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 197 on pages 557-558, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac057, http://zenodo.org/record/769548
FIGURE 3 in New species of toad, genus Frostius Cannatella, 1986, from the Atlantic Rain Forest of Bahia, Brazil (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae)
No full textFIGURE 3. Female paratype (MNRJ 35399) of Frostius erythrophthalmus sp.nov. from Parque Estadual Serra do Conduru, Uruçuca, State of Bahia, Brazil (left) and male F. pernambucensis from Serra da Jibóia, Municipality of Santa Terezinha, State of Bahia, Brazil (right).Published as part of Pimenta, Bruno V. S. & Caramaschi, Ulisses, 2007, New species of toad, genus Frostius Cannatella, 1986, from the Atlantic Rain Forest of Bahia, Brazil (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae), pp. 61-68 in Zootaxa 1508 on page 65, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17720
FIGURE 7 in Phenotypic variation of Leptodactylus cupreus Caramaschi, São-Pedro and Feio, 2008 (Anura, Leptodactylidae)
No full textFIGURE 7. Female of Leptodactylus cupreus, dorsal and ventral views (CFBH 23632 SVL = 55.5 mm). Notice the absence of the chisel-like snout and the general similarity with males (Fig. 3).Published as part of <i>Cassini, Carla S., Orrico, Victor G. D., Dias, Iuri Ribeiro, Solé, Mirco & Haddad, Célio F. B., 2013, Phenotypic variation of Leptodactylus cupreus Caramaschi, São-Pedro and Feio, 2008 (Anura, Leptodactylidae), pp. 73-84 in Zootaxa 3616 (1)</i> on page 81, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3616.1.6, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10097296">http://zenodo.org/record/10097296</a>
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