175,826 research outputs found
Peak Car and Beyond: The Fourth Era of Travel
No full textThere is emerging evidence that personal daily travel, particularly by car, has ceased to grow in the developed economies. This can be attributed to saturation of demand, given high levels of access and choice now widely available, together with constraints on higher speeds. We are therefore at a time of transition from an era of growth of per capita travel to an era of stability, in which the future factors determining the growth of total travel demand are demographic — population growth, increasing longevity, and urbanisation. The peak car phenomenon, which marks this transition, is seen in successful cities that attract a growing population whose travel needs are increasingly met by investment in rail-based transport, the revival of which is a characteristic of the new era
Obstacles on the path: An exposition of the experience of car-free living
No full textThe contemporary focus by local and central government on the promotion of sustainable transport options has highlighted the need for commuting to move away from the current dependence on private cars to more public and active (walking and cycling) modes of transport. Given the prominence of the motor car in personal transport options however, choosing to live car-free in this car dependent culture appears at first glance to be an irrational choice. This research explores the lived experiences of a group of Hamilton residents who have made such a choice. Using a grounded theory approach, the thesis presents the results of interviews with nine car-free Hamilton residents who shared their personal transport stories, which include their childhood experiences, but focus on their current everyday practices and experiences. Through semi-structured interviews, the costs and benefits of a car-free lifestyle are articulated and analysed. Their motivations for choosing to forgo cars and their solutions for overcoming potential barriers to car-free living are also reported and explored. The collected data generated a range of themes which are presented in three chapters, each covering a specific aspect of the participants’ stories. The first group of themes relate to the public sphere, the second to the private realm and the final group emanates from specific elements of car-free living that the thesis sought to clarify through the participants’ stories. The key finding is that living car-free within Hamilton City is viewed by the participants as a well reasoned and eminently sensible choice, which produces multiple benefits. In addition to their reduced environmental footprints, the participants value the social interaction associated with active and public transport. Their consensus is that they are healthier, wealthier and more involved members of the community. The most problematic areas of living without a car were associated with recreational and social activities, which often do not coincide with public transport schedules or involve distances too great for active transport. The benefits far outweigh any disadvantages however, and ultimately, this thesis concludes that a motor car is not necessary for the everyday activities of urban living in Hamilton and any associated inconveniences are not as insurmountable as generally imagined
Plan de manejo para la conservación de la Nutria Neotropical (Lontra longicaudis) en la jurisdicción de la Corporación Autónoma Regional de Cundinamarca - CAR
No full textEl presente Plan de manejo y conservación es producto de una labor técnica, científica y
social que involucró a los diferentes actores institucionales, sociales, gremiales y académicos, entre otros. En él se incorpora información y estudios técnicos-científicos sobre los aspectos bióticos, ecológicos y socio-ambientales, se identifican y analizan los factores que afectan a la especie y sus poblaciones, se definen las líneas de acción, sus respectivos objetivos, actividades, indicadores, actores responsables e involucrados y el nivel de prioridad, que en el corto, mediano y largo plazo se deben implementar para preservar y garantizar la permanencia de estos mamíferos semiacuáticos en los diferentes ecosistemas acuáticos (ríos, humedales, quebradas, lagos, lagunas) del territorio CAR. Este documento está enmarcado en la Política Ambiental Nacional, la Política Nacional para la Gestión Integral de la Biodiversidad y sus Servicios Ecosistémicos (PNGIBSE), las metas regionales, nacionales y globales de conservación de la biodiversidad y el Plan de Acción Cuatrienal CAR 2016-2019. Es el instrumento de gestión para la conservación de la nutria en el territorio CAR, su implementación requiere de la participación y compromiso de los diferentes actores involucrados, partiendo del conocimiento local, la articulación de la gestión institucional y la concientización de la urgente necesidad de contribuir desde los diferentes ámbitos y roles a la conservación de la especie y sus hábitats
Proyecto Checua
No full textCONVENIO IGAC - PROYECTO CHECUA - CAR - GTZ - KFW
Santa Fe de Bogotá, D. C. 199
Car Sharing as a Key Contribution to Multimodal and Sustainable Mobility Behavior – the Situation of Car Sharing in Germany
No full textSo far, car sharing is just a small niche product on the mobility market. The proven positive effects of car sharing can only contribute to solving traffic problems if the number of car sharing customers grows. The present paper investigates, on the basis of a household survey, the awareness and the market potential of mobility service car sharing in Germany. The results show that the majority of the respondents do not know what the term car sharing stands for. Even within the sub-group of people who could explain what car sharing is, local car sharing offers are not well known. To measure the attitudes towards the different modes of transport and the acceptance of the general idea to share a car with other people, statement batteries were used. On the basis of factor analyses, linear and logistic regression models, the factors are determined that influence whether a person has a liking for car sharing or not. Furthermore, the correlation between attitudes and behavioral aspects are revealed. In this context, people with multimodal mobility behavior are found to be more open-minded for shared used vehicle systems. Finally, by taking subjective (attitudes) and objective criteria (current mobility behavior) into account, the potential of car sharing is estimated. The paper starts with a short history of the development and the current status quo of car sharing in Germany and a brief summary of the previous research. In the end recommendations for the further development of car sharing are given
Numerical determination of the characteristics of a synchronous motor with different sizes of permanent magnets
No full textMagistrsko delo obravnava osnovni pristopa k modeliranju in konstruiranju sinhronskega motorja s trajnimi magneti s pomočjo računalniškega programa Flux. Izvedena je numerična analiza konstrukcijskih parametrov trajnih magnetov na navorno karakteristiko motorja. Analiza zajema vpliv različnih dimenzij in postavitev magnetov na vrednost valovitosti navora in razmerje navora proti volumnu trajnih magnetov. Rezultati nakazujejo, da je s predstavljenim računalniško podprtim pristopom, moči že v fazi načrtovanja motorja izbrati najustreznejše dimenzije za doseganje čim boljšega izkoristka z želeno navorno karakteristiko.The master\u27s thesis presents a numerical approach to modelling and designing a synchronous motor with permanent magnets. A specialized software, Flux, was used for this purpose. The numerical analysis of the permanent magnet\u27s constructional parameters was performed to obtain the desired torque characteristics, where the aim objectives were the torque\u27s ripple and ratio torque vs. magnets\u27 volume. The results indicate that the presented approach adopted for the motor\u27s design process could lead to more energy-efficient design solutions
Il car sharing come business development area: analisi del settore, strategie d’impresa e ricadute socio economich
No full textIn economia della mobilità urbana, con il termine inglese car sharing si definisce la fruizione in sequenza di un unico veicolo da parte di una pluralità di utenti, sia attraverso iniziative di multiproprietà poste in essere da soggetti privati, sia attraverso iniziative pubbliche tendenti a costituire un parco di auto fruibili dall’utenza e reperibili in punti prestabiliti, dietro il pagamento di un prezzo. Si tratta di una misura che si colloca nell’indirizzo strategico di incremento dei coefficienti di carico delle automobili, ed è quindi volta a favorire il corretto dimensionamento dei veicoli rispetto alla domanda di mobilità, ossia l’adeguatezza delle dimensioni dei veicoli e, più in generale, delle dimensioni dell’offerta rispetto alla consistenza della domanda. Il car sharing è generalmente erogato da un gestore che può essere costituito in diverse forme societarie, e offre la condivisione di un parco di autovetture ai propri associati, ciascuno dei quali paga solo l’utilizzo effettivo dei veicoli. Un’unica auto nell’arco della giornata viene dunque guidata da più persone, autonomamente e in periodi diversi, per il tempo necessario a ciascuno a soddisfare le proprie esigenze di mobilità. Il potenziale competitivo del servizio risiede nell’originalità dell’offerta: si acquista l’uso del mezzo anziché il mezzo stesso, vengono quindi garantiti benefici simili a quelle dell’auto privata in termini di flessibilità e comfort, ma a costi (privati ed esterni) inferiori rispetto alla proprietà. Nel presente lavoro, dopo una disamina dei cambiamenti nella domanda di mobilità (§2), una premessa economica relativa al car sharing (§3) e al suo posizionamento nell’ambito della mobilità urbana (§4), si descrivono l’espansione e lo sviluppo storico del car sharing (§5) e il suo potenziale come mercato di nicchia (§6); si procede quindi ad un’analisi critica delle più significative esperienze europee (§7) ed extra europee (§8) per poi effettuare una comparazione della realtà italiana con due casi esteri (§9), con l’obiettivo di tracciare una valutazione complessiva dei casi analizzati e di suggerire le leve utilizzabili e gli sforzi imprenditoriali che i gestori italiani dovrebbero compiere per ricalcare l’esperienza dei leader nella fornitura del car sharing (§10).car sharing, public finance, business development area
The Driver-Car.
No full textThe car has become ubiquitous in late modern society and has become the leading object in the ordinary social relations of mobility. Despite its centrality to the culture and material form of modern societies, the relationship between the car and human beings has remained largely unexplored by sociology. This article argues that cars are combined with their drivers into an assemblage, the ‘driver-car’, which has become a form of social being that brings about distinctive social actions in modern society – driving, transporting, parking, consuming, polluting, killing, communicating and so on. To understand the nature of this assemblage a number of theoretical perspectives that describe the interaction and collaboration between human beings and complex objects are explored; the process of driving, ‘affordance’, actor-network theory, and the embodied relationship between driver and car. This theoretical account of the driver-car is intended as a preliminary to the empirical investigation of the place of the driver-car in modern societies
Lap time simulation for racing car design
No full textRacing teams use numerous computational tools (CAD, FEA, CFD) to aid in the design of racing cars and the development of their performance. Computer
simulation of racing car handling through Lap Time Simulation (LTS) packages complements these tools. It also allows teams to examine the effect of different vehicle parameter setups to optimise vehicle performance. In similarity with the automotive industry, time is limited and rapid development of new ideas and technology is essential. Thus, the use of a more sophisticated computer simulation would allow a team to gain a significant advantage over their competitors.
As LTS are computationally intensive,previous packages
have simulateda full lap using a quasi-static method which splits the path of the vehicle into segments. An
analysis is then made of the vehicle at each segment point using the external forces acting on the vehicle. Due to the constant acceleration(i.e. steady state) assumption
across each segment, this method does not take into account the effect of roll, pitch and yaw inertia as well as damping and tyre lag effects. Another aspect that is not
accounted for is the variation in the fastest effective vehicle path along the circuit (i.e.racing line) due to change in driver control inputs or vehicle parameters.
The overall aim of this thesis is to develop a transient LTS methodology, which adopts a strategy to vary the racing line taken in order to address the problems found with the existing quasi-static LTS packages. In parallel an investigation of the accuracy of vehicle models in relationship to racing car performance has been
developed.
The thesis begins with a study of racing car modelling techniques and a review of current LTS packages. A description is then given of the collection of vehicle handlingd ataf rom an actualr acingc ar (alongw ith attaining a vehicle parametesr et) and the measured
results displayed and discussed.
The creation of two vehicle models, a simple and sophisticated version, is detailed and the measured results are compared to the simulated results of each vehicle
model. It was found that the simple vehicle model does not fully represent the actual vehicle's lateral dynamic behaviour, although its steady state response was deemed
to be accurate. The sophisticated vehicle model was seen to not only accurately predict the full range of lateral dynamic behaviour of the actual vehicle, but also the
actual vehicle's longitudinal and combined lateral and longitudinal dynamic behaviour.
To further investigate LTS techniques, a comparison study was made between various simulation approaches which indicated that the transient approach, although
more complicated and time consuming, allows for more accurate tuning of a greater number of vehicle parameters.
Finally, the creation of two simulation packages has been detailed and case studies are presented to provide further insight into the look and feel of the packages. The
first package is a quasi-static approach based LTS package, where a case study is made into the sensitivity of overall lap time to a range of vehicle parameters. The second is a transient approach based simulation package which optimises the driver controls,varying the racing line taken by the vehicle and ensuring the manoeuvre is completed in the quickest time for that vehicle parameter set. This final Manoeuvre Time Minimisation package fulfils the overall aim of the thesis and a case study is made into the effect of front damping value on manoeuvre completion time
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