1,721,182 research outputs found
SOFIA: Social filtering for robust recommendations
No full textDigital content production and distribution has radically changed our business models. An unprecedented volume of supply is now on offer, whetted by the demand of millions of users from all over the world. Since users cannot be expected to browse through millions of different items to find what they might like, filtering has become a popular technique to connect supply and demand: trusted users are first identified, and their opinions are then used to create recommendations. In this domain, users' trustworthiness has been measured according to one of the following two criteria: taste similarity (i.e., "trust those who agree with me"), or social ties (i.e., "trust my friends, and the people that my friends trust"). The former criterion aims at identifying competent users, but is subject to abuse by malicious behaviours. The latter aims at detecting well-intentioned users, but fails to capture the natural subjectivity of tastes. We argue that, in order to be trusted, users must be both well-intentioned and competent. Based on this observation, we propose a novel approach that we call social filtering. We describe SOFIA, an algorithm realising this approach, and validate its performance, in terms of accuracy and robustness, on two real large-scale datasets. © 2008 International Federation for Information Processing
Adaptive Space Robot Motion Synchronization Towards Tumbling Uncooperative Target Grasping
No full textCaracterísticas microtexturales como indicadores del transporte y emplazamiento de dos depósitos de avalancha de escombros del Volcán de Colima (México)
No full textDuring its history Colima volcano has experienced numerous partial edifice sector collapses with the emplacement of debris avalanche deposits (DAD) of contrasting volume, morphology and texture. A previous detailed stratigraphic study in the southeastern sector of the volcano described by Roverato et al. (2011, J. Volc. Geoth. Res., 207, 33-46) allowed the recognition of two debris avalanche deposits named San Marcos DAD (SM-DAD V= ~1.3 km3) and Tonila DAD (T-DAD V= ~1 km3). Radiocarbon dates of organic material, directly associated with these deposits, gave ages of >28 kyr cal. BP for the SM-DAD and ~15 kyr cal. BP for the T-DAD. The San Marcos collapse was promoted by ongoing volcanotectonic deformation. The failure event triggered a "dry" debris avalanche (water content <10%). In contrast, the Tonila failure occurred in "wet" paleoclimate conditions during a period characterized by high humidity; the fact that the volcanic system was partially water-saturated was an important factor in the volcanic instability and transportation processes. This work sheds light on the transport and emplacement mechanisms of debris avalanches based on a detailed granulometric and microtextural analysis of the studied deposits. SM-DAD and T-DAD had a massive dynamic behavior during their emplacement, characterized by a lack of selective depositional process. The SM-DAD originated from a "dry" inertial granular flow in which high-energy grain-grain interaction prevailed. Abundant fines and fluids within the mass before the collapse could have enhanced its mobility. In fact, the water content in the flowing mass promoted positive pore-water pressure that reduced the frictional energy dissipation enhancing flow mobility. Both DADs show partially broken crystals/particles, percussion marks and fractures of different intensity that are the result of punctual, rapid and high-energy impacts. In general, the observed microscopic features suggest that the particle-particle interaction occurred in a collisional regime characterized by grains subjected to short, high velocity impacts, while evidence of frictional interaction is less common than that of the collisional type
Glacier melting during lava dome growth at Nevado de Toluca volcano (Mexico): Evidences of a major threat before main eruptive phases at ice-caped volcanoes
Full text linkNevado de Toluca volcano is one of the largest stratovolcanoes in the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. During Late Pleistocene its activity was characterized by large dome growth and subsequent collapse emplacing large block and ash flow deposits, intercalated by Plinian eruptions. Morphological and paleoclimate studies at Nevado de Toluca and the surrounding area evidenced that the volcano was affected by extensive glaciation during Late Pleistocene and Holocene. During the older recognized glacial period (27-60 ka, MIS 3), the glacier was disturbed by the intense magmatic and hydrothermal activity related to two dome extrusion episodes (at 37 ka and 28 ka). Glacier reconstruction indicates maximum ice thickness of 90 m along main valleys, as at the Cano ravines, the major glacial valley on the northern slope of the volcano. Along this ravine, both 37 and 28 ka block-and-ash deposits are exposed, and they directly overlay a fluviatile sequence, up to 40 m-thick, which C-14 ages clearly indicate that their emplacement occurred just before the dome collapsed. These evidences point to a clear interaction between the growing dome and its hydrothermal system with the glacier. During dome growth, a large amount of melting water was released along major glacial valleys forming thick fluvioglacial sequences that were subsequently covered by the block-and-ash flow deposits generated by the collapse of the growing dome. Even though this scenario is no longer possible at the Nevado de Toluca volcano, the data presented here indicate that special attention should be paid to the possible inundation areas from fluviatile/lahar activity prior to the main magmatic eruption at ice-capped volcanoes. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
First evidence of hydromagmatism at Colima volcano (Mexico)
No full textHere we report for the first time evidences of hydromagmatism at Colima volcano (western sector of Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt). The studied location exposes 9 m of fine ash deposits dated at around 15 cal kyr BP by C-14 measurement on organic matter collected at the very base of the stratigraphic succession. The ash deposits rest directly on the top of a debris avalanche deposit. The morphology and grain size distribution of ash samples from the basal part of the stratigraphic succession testify for an explosive magma-water interaction, which produced finely bedded layers with blocky fragments characterized by adhering particles, quenching cracks and chemical pitting. The availability of ground water was hypothesized to be in close relationship with the amelioration of climate conditions at the end of the Last Glacial period, with rising temperatures that induced melting of glaciers and snow previously accumulated on the volcano summit slopes. This recognition demonstrates how, even a "dry" volcano like Colima, can experience hydromagmatism under adequate climatic conditions. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier B.V
Ash clouds temperature estimation. Implication on dilute and concentrated PDCs coupling and topography confinement
No full textPyroclastic density currents (PDCs) are among the most hazardous of all volcanic processes in terms of high speeds and unpredictable extent. While concentrated PDCs are usually topographically confined, the dilute counterpart (ash cloud) is able to overrun topographic barriers, with unexpected trajectories posing a high risk for human settlements around the volcano. Here, for the first time, the temperature of an ash could, for a PDC originated during the 11 July, 2015 Volcán de Colima eruption, is determined, without pre-installed instruments, based on the degree of charcoaling of trees affected by the ash cloud. Temperature estimations were performed using Reflectance analysis and microtomography images processing of pine wood charred fragments. The combination of these two independent and well-established methods to organic matter charred in a volcanic environment constitutes a pioneering attempt for the indirect temperature estimation of dilute pyroclastic density currents (PDCs). Charcoal fragments were sampled at different heights along tree trunks outstanding from the PDC deposit. Both the temperatures obtained from charcoal analyses (reflectance and microtomography) and observation of damages to the tree trunks allowed to distinguish: (i) a lower Zone A, which extends 150-180 cm above the top of the PDC deposit, where trunks show peeled bark and multiple lithic impacts; temperature values are equal or slightly higher than the underlying deposit for the entire length of the valley; (ii) an upper Zone B, developed above 150-180 cm from the top of the PDC deposit, where trees are only burned without any block impact marks; temperature estimations for Zone B are comparable with the PDC deposit temperature range from proximal to distal areas. The temperature data indicate that the 11 July, 2015 Colima PDC event, the ash cloud was always thermally coupled with the under-running concentrated flow for the entire length of the ravine, explaining the observed strong vertical uplift of the ash cloud and the substantial absence of ash cloud detachments along flow. A corollary of our study is that, should a detachment have occurred, the ash cloud surge would have had initial temperatures as high as the one carried by the high concentration part of the PDC. A major outcome of our study is that the temperature estimation of ash clouds bears important implication in terms of hazard assessment for pyroclastic density currents along narrow valleys that usually cut the steep slopes of stratovolcanoes
Efficient Performance Analysis of Modular Rewritable Petri Nets
Full text linkPetri Nets (PN) are extensively used as a robust formalism to model concurrent and distributed systems; however, they encounter difficulties in accurately modeling adaptive systems. To address this issue, we defined rewritable PT nets (RwPT) using Maude, a declarative language that ensures consistent rewriting logic semantics. Recently, we proposed a modular approach that employs algebraic operators to build extensive RwPT models. This methodology uses composite node labeling to maintain hierarchical organization through net rewrites and has been shown to be effective. Once stochastic parameters are integrated into the formalism, we introduce an automated procedure to derive a lumped CTMC from the quotient graph generated by a modular RwPT model. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, we present a fault-tolerant manufacturing system as a case study
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