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Burnhamia CAPPETTA 1976
No full textGENUS † BURNHAMIA CAPPETTA, 1976 Included species: † Burnhamia daviesi (Woodward, 1889); † Burnhamia fetahi Cappetta, 1985; † Burnhamia glikmani (Pfeil, 1981). Occurrences: This genus is known from the Late Palaeocene to the Late Eocene and was largely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere (see Cappetta, 1987, and references therein). Remarks: This genus was erected on material originally placed in the genus Rhinoptera by Woodward (1889, formally as † Rhinoptera daviesi). Cappetta (1976) attributed this material to a new genus amongst the mobulids on the basis of: an evident reduction of tooth size, an increase in file number (more than eight), and a fine ornamentation rarely planed on the concave occlusal surface, leading to a supposed lack of biomechanical stress as observable in teeth of filter-feeders and contrary to the benthic batoids with grinding-type dentition as the rhinopterids. † Burnhamia fetahi illustrates the extreme reduction in tooth size and one can clearly observe anterior cuspidate teeth, lacking in rhinopterid or myliobatid taxa. Numerous Palaeogene fossils attributed to the genus Rhinoptera belong in fact to the different species of Burnhamia. The extinct species † Mobula glikmani Pfeil, 1981, was only named in the text (Pfeil, 1981) from the material recovered in the Eocene of Kazakhstan (Glikman, 1964). Cappetta (2006) refuted this attribution and reported this material as belonging to the genus † Burnhamia.Published as part of Adnet, Sylvain, Cappetta, Henri, Guinot, Guillaume & Sciara, Giuseppe Notarbartolo Di, 2012, Evolutionary history of the devilrays (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes) from fossil and morphological inference, pp. 132-159 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 166 (1) on page 141, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2012.00844.x, http://zenodo.org/record/540858
Mobula loupianensis Cappetta 1970
No full text† <i>MOBULA LOUPIANENSIS</i> CAPPETTA, 1970 <p> <i>Occurrences:</i> Langhian of southern France (Cappetta, 1970) and North Carolina (Purdy <i>et al</i>., 2001). Serravallian of Portugal (Jonet, 1976).</p> <p> <i>Remarks:</i> Particularly well illustrated by Jonet (1976: figs 1–13) with male (monocupsidate teeth) and female (not well cuspidate) specimens, the morphology of † <i>Mo. loupianensis</i> is clearly close to that observed in the living species <i>Mo. hypostoma.</i> The tooth crown of males has a massive central cusp with sometimes a pair of small denticles located at each extremity in occlusal view. The tooth crown of females is devoid of a cusp but the visor can occasionally be very slightly irregular in occlusal view. Dental differences with the living species are tenuous but the teeth of † <i>Mo. loupianensis</i> (particularly the females) present a smoother enameloid than in <i>Mo. hypostoma</i>, in which the labial face is slightly marked by some folds. Cicimurri & Knight (2009: fig. 9A–F) reported a large variety of morphotypes of mobulids from the upper Chattian of South Carolina. The authors considered that they all belong to a unique species attributed to † <i>Mo.</i> cf. <i>loupianensis</i> and suggested that all the Neogene species such as † <i>Mo. pectinata</i>, † <i>Mobula irenae</i>, and † <i>Mo. loupianensis</i> are possibly conspecific. However, their material differs from the distinctive Miocene <i>Mo. loupianensis</i> in the presence of an irregular surface, sometimes dotted by deep folds on the labial face of the crown and by the root being higher than wide. If the Chattian species belongs to the mobulid group with comb-like teeth (close to the <i>Mo. hypostoma / Mo. rochebrunei</i> subgroup), they probably belong to a species other than † <i>Mo. loupianensis</i>.</p>Published as part of <i>Adnet, Sylvain, Cappetta, Henri, Guinot, Guillaume & Sciara, Giuseppe Notarbartolo Di, 2012, Evolutionary history of the devilrays (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes) from fossil and morphological inference, pp. 132-159 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 166 (1)</i> on page 139, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2012.00844.x, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5408589">http://zenodo.org/record/5408589</a>
Eoplinthicus Cappetta & Stringer 2002
No full textGenus Eoplinthicus Cappetta & Stringer, 2002 Type species Eoplinthicus yazooensis Cappetta & Stringer, 2002, late Eocene (Priabonian), Louisiana, USA.Published as part of Ebersole, Jun A., Cicimurri, David J. & Stringer, Gary L., 2019, Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths, pp. 1-274 in European Journal of Taxonomy 585 on page 147, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.585, http://zenodo.org/record/366025
Pseudaetobatus Cappetta 1986
No full textGenus Pseudaetobatus Cappetta, 1986 Type species Pseudaetobatus casieri Cappetta 1986, Ypresian, Morocco.Published as part of Ebersole, Jun A., Cicimurri, David J. & Stringer, Gary L., 2019, Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths, pp. 1-274 in European Journal of Taxonomy 585 on page 133, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.585, http://zenodo.org/record/366025
Pteroscyllium CAPPETTA 1980
No full textGENUS PTEROSCYLLIUM CAPPETTA, 1980 A Type species: Pteroscyllium signeuxi Cappetta, 1980a, from the upper Santonian of Sahel Alma, Lebanon.Published as part of Kriwet, Jürgen, Nunn, Elizabeth V. & Klug, Stefanie, 2009, Neoselachians (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) from the Lower and lower Upper Cretaceous of north-eastern Spain, pp. 316-347 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 155 (2) on page 323, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00439.x, http://zenodo.org/record/544595
Premontreia (Oxyscyllium) Noubhani & Cappetta 1997
No full textSubgenus Oxyscyllium Noubhani & Cappetta, 1997 Type species Premontreia (Premontreia) degremonti Cappetta, 1992, Ypresian, France.Published as part of Ebersole, Jun A., Cicimurri, David J. & Stringer, Gary L., 2019, Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths, pp. 1-274 in European Journal of Taxonomy 585 on page 58, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.585, http://zenodo.org/record/366025
Coupatezia Cappetta 1982
No full textCoupatezia sp. Fig. 42 A–L Coupatezia woutersi Cappetta, 1982: 18, pls 2–3. Coupatezia woutersi – Clayton et al. 2013: fig. 5a–b. Coupatezia sp. – Cappetta & Case 2016: 65, pl. 13, figs 1–6. Material examined UNITED STATES OF AMERICA – Alabama • 18 isolated teeth; Claiborne Group; MSC 35786, MSC 37309.1 – 3, MSC 37339, MSC 37671, MSC 38480.1 – 3, SC 2012.47.6, SC 2012.47.7 (6 specimens), WSU 22, WSU CC 502.1. Description All teeth in our sample low-crowned. Teeth with elliptical outline in oral view. Labial face deeply convex, framed by cingulum-like margin. Base of labial face bears transverse crest that may be simple or appear reticulated; does not reach the sides of the crown. Lingual face of crown convex or sinuous in profile, unornamented. Crown overhangs the root on all sides. Roots bilobate. In labial or lingual views, mesial and distal extent of roots extend slightly beyond the crown foot. In profile the root extends well beyond the lingual crown margin, but labially crown conspicuously overhangs root. Deep nutritive groove bisects the root equally, and basal face of lobes convex with triangular outline. Remarks Coupatezia appears to exhibit gynandric heterodonty, with male teeth having a more cuspidate, triangular crown (Cappetta 1982; Noubhani & Cappetta 1997). Unfortunately, the 18 specimens available to us all exhibit the purported female morphology (described above). Clayton et al. (2013) assigned their sample of Coupatezia teeth from site ACov-11 to C. woutersi, a species described from the Lutetian of Belgium (Cappetta 1982), but Cappetta & Case (2016) did not speciate the specimens in their sample from the same site. The latter authors cited morphological differences between the Alabama teeth and C. woutersi specimens from the type locality in Belgium, including a less ornamented labial face, more regular labial crown margin, and root lobes that extend further distally on C. woutersi. The Alabama specimens differ significantly from female teeth of Lutetian C. miretrainensis Adnet, 2006 in having a more rounded occlusal outline, more concave labial face, and nodular labial crown ornament. Female teeth of the Ypresian species C. boujoi Noubhani & Cappetta, 1997 appear to have a more concave labial crown margin, and the basiolabial transverse crest is less conspicuous, sometimes merging with the crown margin. With regard to the Alabama specimens, we found that the outline of the labial crown margin varies from concave, straight, to convex, and the crown margin itself can be sharp, nodular, or weakly developed. Also, the basiolabial transverse crest of the labial face may be simple or have a reticulated appearance, and the root lobes vary in distal length. This variation, coupled with the fact that we cannot compare a male tooth with any of the described Eocene species, makes it difficult to ascertain if the Alabama taxon is distinct or conspecific with any of them. Thus, we chose here to refrain from a specific identification. Stratigraphic and geographic range in Alabama The specimens in our sample were collected from the lower Tallahatta Formation at site ADl-1 and the basal Lisbon Formation at site ACov-11. Upper Ypresian to lower Lutetian, zones NP14 and NP15.Published as part of Ebersole, Jun A., Cicimurri, David J. & Stringer, Gary L., 2019, Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths, pp. 1-274 in European Journal of Taxonomy 585 on pages 117-118, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.585, http://zenodo.org/record/366025
Brachycarcharias Cappetta & Nolf 2005
No full textGenus Brachycarcharias Cappetta & Nolf, 2005 Type species Otodus vincenti Winkler, 1876, Eocene, Belgium.Published as part of Ebersole, Jun A., Cicimurri, David J. & Stringer, Gary L., 2019, Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths, pp. 1-274 in European Journal of Taxonomy 585 on page 37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.585, http://zenodo.org/record/366025
Per una Milano più creativa.
No full textStudi recenti ci dicono che la creatività è sempre più considerata elemento di vantaggio competitivo, risorsa che definisce un differenziale difficilmente imitabile e sostenibile nel tempo (Oldham & Cummings, 1996; Scott & Bruce, 1994). Le ultimissime ricerche internazionali precisano anche che la creatività non è solo una dote di personalità individuale (legata al singolo carattere, ai fattori cognitivi, alla biologia della persona), ma è anche un processo sociale, influenzato dalle caratteristiche del contesto in cui gli individui operano. Shalley e Perry-Smith (2003) evidenziano che, utilizzando le reti sociali in cui sono immerse, le persone hanno accesso a una maggiore varietà di idee e soluzioni e sono nelle condizioni di attivare più facilmente le connessioni che favoriscono i processi di innovazione.
Dopo un lungo periodo di tempo in cui la creatività è stata studiata come caratteristica individuale, ora l'attenzione degli studiosi si è spostata sull'influenza che le città e gli ambiti urbani esercitano sulla generazione di creatività nei perimetri metropolitani: le qualità delle città possono influire in misura rilevante sulla espressione di creatività dei cittadini. La genialità dei singoli non basta ed è preferibile avere molte aggregazioni di professionisti mediamente immaginativi piuttosto che pochi individui che svettano per la loro eccezionale creatività.
Con una ricerca empirica svolta negli Stati Uniti, che ha avuto il pregio di attivare inizialmente questo filone di ricerca, Richard Florida (2002) sostiene che l'insieme dei professionisti creativi - definiti come "classe creativa" - viene attratto da distretti geografici caratterizzati da tecnologia, talento e tolleranza (le tre T). Successivamente Cappetta, Carlone e Salvemini (2005) hanno provato che in Italia i fattori di attrazione tipici del contesto statunitense non sempre spiegano la concentrazione dei professionisti creativi, inserendo invece altre due variabili caratteristiche del contesto urbano a elevata correlazione con la presenza di talenti creativi sul territorio: la presenza di un patrimonio simbolico evoluto e la vivacità dell'offerta culturale e di spettacolo (le due S).
Questi studi rimarcano come la presenza (o l'assenza) di professionisti creativi nelle città finisca per essere elemento di attrazione di altri talenti creativi, in un circolo virtuoso (o vizioso nel caso di assenza e di scarsa attrazione) che alimenta il livello di innovazione territoriale. Si sta parlando di professionisti che rappresentano circa il 30% della nuova forza lavoro e che coinvolgono scienziati, architetti, esperti di finanza, tecnologia e marketing, stilisti, scrittori, giornalisti, designer, artisti e in generale tutti coloro che sono retribuiti per i prodotti del loro pensiero e che fanno della capacità di immaginazione il cardine della propria professione.
Produrre qualcosa di creativo è un comportamento complementare a produrre qualcosa di abituale: ogni persona o ogni gruppo organizzato attua alternativamente e con frequenza diversa comportamenti creativi e comportamenti conformistici.
E anche per le professioni si può sostenere lo stesso: non è semplice identificare professioni che producono solo risultati creativi in opposizione a professioni che producono solo risultati standardizzati. In ogni attività, sia artistica sia operativa, può esplicitarsi il momento creativo generatore di novità. Ciò nonostante è possibile affermare che alcune professioni sono caratterizzate da una maggiore frequenza di comportamenti di generazione di novità e queste professioni sono definibili come creative
Burnhamia Cappetta 1976
No full textGenus Burnhamia Cappetta, 1976 Type species Rhinoptera daviesi Woodward, 1889, early Eocene (Ypresian), London Clay, Sheppey, England.Published as part of Ebersole, Jun A., Cicimurri, David J. & Stringer, Gary L., 2019, Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths, pp. 1-274 in European Journal of Taxonomy 585 on page 144, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.585, http://zenodo.org/record/366025
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