1,721,021 research outputs found
Critical perspective on advanced treatment processes for water and wastewater: AOPs, ARPs, and AORPs
No full textTaking the water out of “wastewater”: An ineluctable oxymoron for urban water cycle sustainability
No full textFit-for-purpose urban wastewater reuse: Analysis of issues and available technologies for sustainable multiple barrier approaches
No full textContaminants of emerging concern removal by high-energy oxidation-reduction processes: State of the art
No full textThe presence of ‘emerging contaminants’, i.e., chemicals yet without a regulatory status and poorly understood impact on human health and environment, in wastewater and aquatic environments is widely reported. No established technology, to date, can simultaneously and completely remove all these contaminants, even though some Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs,) have demonstrated capacity for some degradation of these compounds. High-energy, radiolytic processing of water matrices using various sources: electron beam (EB), ɣ-rays or non-thermal plasma (NTP) have shown excellent results in many applications, although these remain at the moment isolated examples and scarcely known. High-energy irradiation constitutes an additive-free process that uses short-lived, highly reactive radicals (both oxidating and reducing) generated by water radiolysis, which can instantaneously decompose organic pollutants. Several studies have demonstrated its effectiveness, as a stand-alone process or combined with others, in the rapid decomposition (up to complete mineralization) of organic compounds in pure and complex solutions, and in the removal or inactivation of microorganisms and parasites, without production of leftover residual compounds in solution. High-energy oxidation processes (a.k.a. Advanced Oxidation & Reduction Processes—AORPs) could have a primary role in future strategies addressing emerging contaminants
High-energy oxidation process: an efficient alternative for wastewater organic contaminants removal
No full textPulse electric field technology for wastewater and biomass residues’ improved valorization
No full textDevelopment and adoption of more efficient and robust technologies for reuse of wastewater embedded resources, in particular materials and energy, is becoming an unavoidable necessity. Among many emerging technologies in the sector of wastewater treatment residuals valorization, Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) processes have shown interesting potential, although they have not yet entered the sector’s mainstream as a consolidated commercial technology, as in other industrial applications, such as the food, medical, and bio-based industries. PEF is a non-thermal technology suitable to biological applications, involving gentle cell disintegration and enhanced cell membrane permeability and as such applicable to disinfection, sterilization, and to those processes that benefit from an enhanced extraction of organic compounds from biological matter, such as anaerobic digestion, biological processes for recovery of nutrients, and biorefinery of cell-embedded compounds. PEF technology applications in wastewater/biomass residues management are reported and advantages, drawbacks, and barriers of the technology are discussed in this paper
Could EB irradiation be the simplest solution for removing emerging contaminants from water and wastewater?
No full textAbstract
Newly observed presence of ‘emerging contaminants’, defined also Compounds of Emerging Concern, chemicals without regulatory status and which impact on environment and human health are poorly understood has been amply reported in wastewater and aquatic environments. ‘Conventional’ water pollutants have been described for decades and their impact on human health and the environment are known; effective technologies for their removal are well established. This is not the case for most emerging contaminants: no effective removal technologies have been discovered to date, to simultaneously remove all of the concerned contaminants, even though some techniques have been demonstrated to remove some contaminants to a certain extent. Radiation processing using electron beam (EB) accelerators and gamma irradiators has shown promising results in many water-related applications. Radiation/EB processing is an additive-free process using short lived reactive species formed during radiolysis of water for decomposition of pollutants. Isolated studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of radiation, alone or in combination with other treatments, in the decomposition of refractory organic compounds in aqueous solutions and in the removal or inactivation, of microorganisms and parasites. This review paper on this specific technology summarizes results of reported applications.</jats:p
UASB Performance and Perspectives in Urban Wastewater Treatment at Sub-Mesophilic Operating Temperature
No full textPreliminary trial application of biological desulfonation in anaerobic digestors from pig farms
No full textThis paper describes preliminary tests carried out in treatment plants serving two different pig farms in Northern Italy, in order to assess the feasibility of implementing biological sulphur removal from biogas produced by anaerobic digestion processes. This normally consists of mixture of CH4, CO2, and other gases; in the presence of sulphur, H2S is also formed, which must be removed prior to the gas use in thermal engines, to avoid corrosion phenomena. Sulphur removal in the plants considered is currently achieved by means of chemical filtration, however this adds costs to the process and generates a waste to be disposed of. As a process alternative, biological sulphur removal by means of Thiobacillus sp. bacteria can also be obtained. The process,
however, requires specific conditions in the gas stream in order to achieve high process efficiency. Biological desulfonation was applied on a trial basis in two biogas production plants, with different layouts, and encouraging results. These confirms the validity of the process, although the maximum foreseen removal efficiencies were not achieved due to structural drawbacks of the tested facilities, that will have to be revamped in order to apply this process with full satisfaction and effectiveness
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