103,302 research outputs found
Stato, beneficenza e previdenza pubblica : considerazioni / Guido Capitani
No full textStato, beneficenza e previdenza pubblica : considerazioni / Guido Capitani
Torino : Tip. G. Derossi, 1888
174 p. ; 25 cm
I capitani. Con alcuni discorsi curiosi.
No full text"Saggio dell'opera De' prencipi e capitani illvstra del Sig. Giouanni Botero" (p. 213-250) has special t.p.Mode of access: Internet
GEOGRAPHICAL STRUCTURING IN THE MTDNA OF ITALIANS
No full textGeographical patterns of mtDNA variation were studied in 12 Italian samples (1072 individuals) by two different spatial autocorrelation methods. Separate analyses of the frequencies of 12 restriction morphs show North-South dines, differences between Sardinia and the mainland populations, and the effects of isolation by distance. A recently developed autocorrelation statistic summarizing molecular similarity at all sites (AIDA; autocorrelation index for DNA analysis) confirms the presence of a clinal pattern; differences between random pairs of haplotypes tend to increase with their geographical distance. The partition of gene diversity, however, reveals that most variability occurs within populations, whereas differences between populations are minor (G(ST) = 0.057). When the data from the 12 samples are pooled, two descriptors of genetic variability (number of polymorphic sites and average sequence difference between pairs of individuals) do not behave as expected under neutrality, The presence of clinal patterns, Tajima's tests, and a simulation experiment agree in suggesting that population sizes in creased rapidly in Italy and Sicily but not necessarily so in Sardinia, The distribution of pairwise sequence differences in the Italian peninsula (excluding Sardinia) permits a tentative location of the demographic increase between 8000 and 20,500 years ago. These dates are consistent with archaeological estimates of two distinct;expansion processes, occurring, respectively, in the Neolithic and after the last glacial maximum in the Paleolithic, Conversely, there is no genetic evidence that such processes have had a major impact on the Sardinian population
Prefazione
No full textNella prefazione viene condotta una ricognizione della storiografia critica su Giordano Bruno nel secolo XIX, con particolare riferimento a Bertrando Spaventa, Francesco Fiorentino e Felice Tocco.
Si propone inoltre un inquadramento del volume di G. Albarani tra altri lavori contemporanei di argomento affine
Factors influencing the first thousand days of life: Elena Capitani
No full textBACKGROUND: The first 1000 days are crucial for the health of the baby and the well-being of the mother-baby dyad, which forms a single complex organism with its co-metabolism expressed through sophisticated neurobiological, epigenetic and microbiome development mechanisms. This study aims to investigate how much social support can influence the path of pregnancy and motherhood. METHODS: The retrospective observational study was conducted on a sample of mothers enrolled through social networks who were administered a questionnaire from July to September 2021. The questionnaire consisted of 37 questions: 11 analyzed sociodemographic variables, 20 were on current / any previous pregnancies and breastfeeding, and 6 were used to calculate the Maternity Social Support Scale (MSSS-Webster et al.). STATA 14 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Our sample consisted of 3447 women. 88.0% wanted the pregnancy, and 63.5% planned it. The average of the Maternity Social Support Scale (MSSS) was 23.91 points. A low MSSS score correlates with a higher risk of cessation of breastfeeding before 6 months of age, a higher risk of not having spontaneous labour, a higher risk of cesarean section and a higher risk of not having a spontaneous birth. On the other hand, a higher MSSS total score is a protective factor concerning breastfeeding duration, which is more likely to be longer-lasting (>6 months), to have spontaneous onset labour with a higher probability of spontaneous delivery. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that most of our sample have good friends who support them, can often count on their family, and receive help from their partner/husband. The outcomes of pregnancy, childbirth and motherhood are strongly influenced and conditioned by the social context in which they occur and the support the woman can receive. The presence or lack of this support can affect the health of newborns. KEY MESSAGES: • The first 1,000 days is a vulnerable phase in which parents, institutions and health professionals should create early interventions for the proper development and promotion of good health. • the outcomes of pregnancy, birth and motherhood are strongly influenced and conditioned by the social context, but especially by the presence or lack of support that can affect the health of newborns
Functional Roles of the Hexamer Organization of Plant Glutamate Decarboxylase
No full textGlutamate decarboxylase (GAD) is a pyridoxal 5 ́-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the irreversible α-decarboxylation of glutamate to γ-aminobutyrate. The enzyme is widely distributed in eukaryotes and prokaryotes, although its function varies in different organisms. A unique feature of plant GAD is the presence of a calmodulin (CaM)-binding domain at its C-terminus. In plants, transient elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ in response to different types of stress is thought to be responsible for GAD activation via CaM. The crystal structure of GAD1 from Arabidopsis thaliana shows that the enzyme is a hexamer composed of trimer-of-dimers. Herein, we show that in solution GAD1 exists as a dimer/hexamer equilibrium mixture, and we estimate the dissociation constant (Kd) for the hexamer under different conditions. The association of dimers into hexamers is promoted by a number of conditions, including high protein concentrations and low pH. Notably, binding of Ca2+/CaM abolishes GAD1 oligomer dissociation by forming a stable complex in which three CaM bind to a GAD1 hexamer. The GAD1 N-terminal domain is critical for maintaining the oligomeric state, since the removal of the first 24 N-terminal residues dramatically affects the oligomerization process by producing an enzyme that exists only as a dimer. The deleted mutant retains decarboxylase activity, highlighting the dimeric nature of the basic structural unit of GAD1. Site-directed mutagenesis identified a hexamerization ‘hot spot’ centered on Arg24 in the N-terminal domain. Mutation of this critical Arg residue to Ala prevents hexamer formation in solution. Surprisingly, both the dimeric ArgAla and 1-24 mutant enzymes form a stable hexamer in the presence of Ca2+/CaM. The present data, clearly revealing that the GAD1 oligomeric state is highly responsive to a number of experimental parameters, might have functional relevance in vivo and is discussed in the light of the biphasic regulation of GAD1 activity by pH and Ca2+/CaM in plant cells
Accurate and precise lattice parameters by selected-area electron diffraction in the transmission electron microscope
No full textLattice parameters for gold nanocrystals, quartz, and vesuvianite have been determined by electron diffraction in routine transmission electron microscopy (TEM) work, with precision and accuracy near to 0.1%, after correction for elliptical distortion. The distortion, measured in three different microscopes, is constant for each microscope and may be easily eliminated. Variable camera constants have been avoided by positioning the oriented specimen on the eucentric plane and using parallel illumination. The Current flowing in the First intermediate lens was kept fixed, assuring constant conditions of the TEM projecting system, with no further diffraction focus applied. Application of this method to micas from metamorphic rocks produced deviations between measured and expected values up to 0.8%. Although easy species distinction is still possible, minor crystal chemical differences within the sample may be lost. Likely causes of these deviations are the possible heterogeneous samples, as well as beam damage leading to cation loss with subsequent variation in basal spacings. RI Mugnaioli, Enrico/E-6237-2011; capitani, giancarlo/J-3445-201
HIV-1 TAT PROTEIN SUPPRESSES THE NERVE GROWTH FACTOR (NGF)- MEDIATED DIFFERENTIATION OF PC12 RAT PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA CELL LINE
No full textIn order to evaluate the effect of the regulatory human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) Tat protein on the process of neuronal differentiation, two tat-transfected and mock-transfected PC12 cell lines were cultured in the absence or presence of 100-1000 ng/ml of nerve growth factor (NGF). As expected, NGF was able to induce a clearcut morphological differentiation of mock-transfected PC12 into sympathetic-like neurons, also reducing the percentage of cells in S phase. On the other hand, NGF was unable to reduce the percentage of PC12-tat cells in S phase and/or to induce their neuronal differentiation. Only the addition in culture of 5 mu g/ml neutralizing anti-Tat antibody plus 1000 ng/ml NGF was effective in decreasing the percentage of PC12-tat in S phase and inducing partial signs of neuronal differentiation in serum-free cultures. The ability of Tat protein to suppress the neuronal differentiation pathway controlled by NGF further contribute to the definition of its role in tumor promotion during the course of HTV-1 disease
Caratterizzazione geochimica e biogeochimica della discarica mineraria del Coren del Cucì di Gromo (Alta Val Seriana, BG)
No full textLa discarica mineraria del Coren del Cucì è, insieme ad alcune gallerie, quanto rimane a testimonianza dell’antica attività mineraria che si svolse in passato nei pressi dell’abitato di Gromo. Essa è costituita da un accumulo di frammenti di roccia eterometrici più o meno mineralizzati (waste rocks) e dai loro prodotti di lavorazione (tailings) che occupano una superficie di circa 40.000 m2 e hanno un volume stimato di 20.000 m3. La coltivazione del giacimento era volta all’estrazione di metalli pesanti quali Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn e Ag da una mineralizzazione costituita prevalentemente da pirite, calcopirite, tetraedrite, arsenopirite, blenda e galena, ospitata in una breccia di basamento silicizzata posta al contatto fra Basamento Cristallino e Formazione di Collio. Per quanto in concentrazioni molto inferiori a quelle della mineralizzazione vera e propria, la presenza diffusa di metalli al di sopra delle concentrazioni di soglia di contaminazione (CSC) fissate dal D.Lgs. 152/2006 crea una situazione di potenziale rischio ambientale che deve essere valutata.
Per la caratterizzazione del sito, in una prima fase, sono state raccolte informazioni riguardanti gli aspetti giacimentologici, geomorfologici, geologici e idrogeologici.
Successivamente è stato svolto un campionamento ragionato (EPA, 2002) di oltre 60 campioni di terreno distribuiti sia all’interno che all’esterno del corpo di discarica mineraria seguendo la metodologia FOREGS (Salminen et al., 1998). La concentrazione dei metalli nei campioni di terreno è stata determinata mediante analisi ICP-AES, e la loro dispersione nello spazio è stata ricavata dalla georeferenziazione dei dati e dall’elaborazione geostatistica degli stessi, dai quali si evince come: - Pb (massima concentrazione: 9444 ppm) e Zn (19889 ppm) siano concentrati ubiquitariamente sia all’interno che all’esterno del corpo di discarica con dei massimi di concentrazione in corrispondenza di imbocchi di miniera; - Ag (72 ppm), Co (424 ppm), Cu (2861 ppm) e Ni (255 ppm) presentino concentrazioni più elevate in corrispondenza del corpo di discarica mineraria rispetto ai terreni circostanti.
Dal confronto con le CSC del D.Lgs. 152/2006 è possibile osservare come: - Ni superi solo in aree ristrette il limite previsto per i terreni ad uso residenziale; - Cd, Co, Pb e Zn superino diffusamente i limiti per i terreni ad uso residenziale e in due aree ristrette quelli per i terreni ad uso commerciale ed industriale; - Cu superi in una vasta area il limite per i terreni ad uso commerciale ed industriale. Inoltre, è stata osservata una stretta relazione tra i depositi di discarica mineraria e Calluna Vulgaris (De Capitani et al., 2003), unica specie che cresce su questo terreno. A tal proposito alcuni arbusti sono stati campionati ed analizzati per determinare il loro coefficiente di assorbimento per i diversi metalli: i risultati hanno confermato che Calluna Vulgaris è capace di crescere su substrati acidi e poveri di macronutrienti nei quali siano presenti anche alte concentrazioni di elementi tossici, senza però bioaccumularli.
L’acquisizione completa e ordinata dei dati sovraelencati porta ad individuare i punti sorgente dei metalli pesanti e i loro possibili percorsi di trasporto, i possibili recettori della contaminazione, il rischio ambientale correlato al sito e le migliori metodologie di ripristino ambientale
Electron diffraction tomography for the characterization of sub-micrometric minerals: application to metamict phases
No full textSingle-crystal X-ray diffraction can be performed only on crystalline domains of some cubic microns, while most
of hitherto unsolved minerals and many new synthetic phases do not grow in crystals of such dimensions. On
the other hand, interpretation of X-ray powder diffraction data may be problematic for polyphasic samples and
structures characterized by large cell parameters or pseudo-symmetry. Electron diffraction is able to deliver 3D
structural data from single crystallites of few nanometers. This ability derives from the high cross section
between electrons and matter and the possibility to focus the electron beam into a nanometric probe. In the
last years, electron diffraction tomography (EDT) emerged as an efficient method for acquiring complete and
quasi-kinematic data sets for ab-initio structure determination of sub-micrometric phases (Kolb et al., 2011).
The mineral charoite was one of the first structures determined on the basis of EDT data, and still one of the
trickiest crystallographic cases faced by electron diffraction. Despite the fact that charoite is a well-known and
commercially exploited mineral, its symmetry and structure determination was hampered because two
commensurate and pseudo-symmetric polytypes grow together inside fibers less than 1 μm thick
(Rozhdestvenskaya et al., 2011). In recent years, tomographic electron diffraction has been used for the
characterization of several minerals and products of experimental geology occurring as minor, sub-micrometric
phases in poly-mineralogical associations. The porous (S2)1+x[Bi9-xTex(OH)6O8(SO4)2]2 was the first natural phase
initially recognized, and subsequently structurally determined, by EDT alone (Capitani et al., 2014).
Recently, EDT has been employed for the characterization of metamict phases. Metamict minerals undergo
structural changes and amorphization due to the radioactive decay of hosted elements. Phase identification is
commonly done on the basis of compositional data alone, or by powder diffraction performed after the sample
has been heated in order to produce re-crystallization. Still, different compositional and mineralogical domains
may merge in the process. We therefore exploited EDT for the characterization of sub-micrometric crystalline
relicts in metamict domains, allowing single-crystal ab-initio determination of natural samples without the
need of any physical treatment
- …
