1,721,014 research outputs found
Developmental aspects of the relationship between speech and gesture in the construction of narratives
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Interazione tra genitori e figli sordi in una situazione di gioco: analisi delle modalità e delle funzioni comunicative.
No full textIl presente studio intende analizzare le interazioni di gioco di sei famiglie con bambini sordi di età compresa tra i 4 e i 6 anni, tre con genitori sordi e tre con genitori udenti, osservando in particolare gli aspetti comunicativo-relazionali. Numerose ricerche, condotte sulle prime fasi di svilupo dei bambini sordi, hanno mostrato differenze significative tra madri sorde e madri udenti nelle interazioni con i loro bambini sordi. La presente ricerca intende verificare se tali differenze siano riscontrabili anche ad età maggiori. Dai risultati emerge che i genitori sordi e i genitori udenti utilizzano strategie e stili comunicativi in parte diversi. Riteniamo che le strategie comunicative che i genitori sordi utilizzano in modo naturale con i loro bambini possano rappresentare dei validi modelli sia per i genitori udenti, sia in ambito educativo per promuovere la comunicazione con i bambini sordi.The present study intends to analyze play interactions with six families with deaf children between 4 and 6 years of age, three with deaf parents and three with hearing parents, observing in particular communication-relational aspects. Numerous researches conducted at early stages of deaf children's development have shown significant differences between deaf mothers and hearing mothers in interactions with their deaf children. The purpose of this research is to check whether these differences can be found even at older age. The results show that deaf parents and hearing parents use different communicative strategies and styles. We believe that communicative strategies that deaf parents naturally use with their children could have useful educational implications being appropriate models for either hearing parents and educators to communicate with deaf children
Gestural communication in children with autism spectrum disorders during mother-child interaction
No full textChildren with autism spectrum disorders display atypical development of gesture production, and gesture impairment is one of the determining factors of autism spectrum disorder diagnosis. Despite the obvious importance of this issue for children with autism spectrum disorder, the literature on gestures in autism is scarce and contradictory. The purpose of this study was to analyze gestural communication in children with autism spectrum disorder during spontaneous mother-child interaction. Participants were children with autism spectrum disorder (n = 20), Down's syndrome (n = 20), and typical development (n = 20) and their mothers. Children's mean developmental age was 24.16 months (standard deviation = 1.45 months) and did not differ across the groups. Gestural communication was analyzed with a specific coding scheme allowing a quantitative and qualitative analysis of gestural production. Results showed the following: (a) differences between autism spectrum disorder, typical development, and Down's syndrome groups in the total number of gestures produced; (b) differences between the three groups in the distribution of gesture types; and (c) specific correlations between gestural production, cognitive development, and autism severity scores. The study of gestures in autism spectrum disorder could help us to identify different phenotypes in autism and could also lead to the development of new therapies
Deictic gestures in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A detailed analysis of gestural communication during naturalistic mother-child interactions
No full textChildren with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) display atypical development of gesture production, and impairments in gestural communication are among the most important features of ASD. Despite the obvious importance of this issue for children with ASD, the literature on gestures in autism is scarce and contradictory. The current study aimed at identifying specific characteristics of deictic gestures (i.e. pointing; showing; giving; requesting) in children with ASD during naturalistic mother-child interactions through the application of a detailed coding scheme. Participants were children with ASD (n=20), Down's syndrome (DS; n=20) and typical development (TD; n=20), and their mothers. Children's mean developmental age was 24.16 months (SD=1.45) and did not differ across the groups. Results showed differences between the three groups (a) in the total number of deictic gestures produced (b) in the distribution of several gesture types; (c) in the cross-modal complexity of gesture-gaze and gesture-speech integration. A comprehensive analysis of function, form, and complexity of gestural production is of specific relevance to the development and evaluation of novel treatments for addressing one of the core ASD symptoms, the capacity to interact socially in an effective way
Reflecting on AI reveals the variety and complexity of the involved competences. Response to comments
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Indicazioni per la progettazione senso-percettiva
No full textIn 2001 the World Health Organization (WHO) revolutionized the idea of disability starting from the concept of individuals’ functioning and defining all lacking or insufficient responses from the society to specific needs as ‘disabling’. Conversely, WHO identified ‘facilitators’ as all those available factors that can improve the individuals’ functioning, thus reducing ‘disabilities’. This new perspective complies with the provisions from the principles of Universal Design and puts emphasis on mankind as a core of a network ecosystem linked to Heritage Places. In this view, peoples functioning is the necessary starting point to design accessibility consciously and responsibly, not only to overcome barriers, but especially to support the functional change. This change can come from a real interaction between Heritage Places and their audiences, also supported by legal provisions, operational tools (the Peba) and new professional roles (the Accessibility Manager). Thus, the Heritage Places should be considered as architectures, likewise the individual’s architecture, on which we need to invest to extend the functioning levels
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