1,720,995 research outputs found
Introduzione alla ricerca qualitativa: i principali metodi e sistemi di campionamento
No full textRiassunto. Vengono brevemente presentati i principali metodi
di ricerca qualitativa (fenomenologico, etnografico,
Grounded Theory, narrative e studio di casi ed i più utilzzati
tipi di campionamento) illustrando per ciascuno le principali
caratteristiche anche con un esempio.Summary. Introduction to qualitative research: the main approaches
and designs. The main methods (phenomenology,
ethnography, Grounded, narrative enquiry and case studies)
and sampling technique of qualitative research are briefly
outlined. A practical example is presented for each method
How do undergraduate nursing students learn to care for families and informal caregivers? A qualitative study with a grounded theory approach
Full text linkBackground: Nurses play a crucial role in caring for families of ill individuals in care, requiring high-quality relational and communication skills to care for them. Yet these skills remain underutilized, leading to reported issues of inadequate inclusion and communication. Education is crucial to enhance nurses' competencies in caring for families and informal caregivers. Aim: To explore the learning process of undergraduate nursing students to care for families and informal caregivers. Design: Qualitative study with a grounded theory approach. Settings: Bachelor's degree in nursing from two off-sites of a university and four local health units collaborating with the university in North Italy. Participants: 15 undergraduate nursing students, 10 nurse preceptors, and 10 nurse clinical teachers. Methods: We adopted initial and theoretical sampling and conducted semi-structured interviews from December 2023 to January 2024, lasting 16 to 62 min. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed through open, selective, and theoretical coding. Results: We developed a theory of learning for undergraduate nursing students in caring for families and informal caregivers, comprising two themes, “Learning areas” and “Learning antecedents,” and nine categories. Learning areas involve five stages of learning to care for families and informal caregivers and the most frequent opportunities to interact with families and informal caregivers. The five stages are “Seeing and considering families and informal caregivers”, “Assessing the families' and informal caregivers' needs and resources”, “Preparing for and planning intervention with families and informal caregivers”, “Acting with families and informal caregivers”, “Reflecting on the intervention with families and informal caregivers”. Learning antecedents encompass student characteristics, interpersonal relationships, and the clinical training setting. Conclusions: In this study, we delineate a five-stage learning process for undergraduate nursing students to care for families and informal caregivers, influenced by individual, interpersonal, and contextual factors. We emphasised the importance of relational skill development, tailored learning experiences, and supportive mentorship in enhancing students' preparedness to engage with and support families in healthcare settings. The developed theory provides a foundational framework for designing educational interventions to optimise nursing students' capacities in this domain
Visible and Invisible Caring in Nursing from the Perspectives of Patients and Nurses in the Gerontological Context
No full textAim: Just as in many countries all over the world, the
number of older people in Italy has increased rapidly.
Consequently, an increasing number of nurses are
engaged in the care of older patients. However, due to a
lack of understanding of how nurses and patients perceive
caring, nursing care may be compromised. The aim of this
study is to explore, describe and compare the perceptions
of gerontological nurses and patients related to the dimensions
of caring in nursing in an Italian hospital setting.
Methods: In this qualitative descriptive study, a variety of
analytic techniques were used to analyse semi-structured
interview data from a purposeful sample of 20 nurses
and 20 patients from geriatric units in two different Italian
hospitals.
Findings: Although both nurses and patients gave rich
descriptions of caring experiences, patients described
features of caring in nursing that were visible (including
nurses’ caring gestures, giving attention and being competent)
while nurses predominantly emphasised aspects
of caring that were relatively invisible (such as reflecting
on the patient’s past needs, evaluating the nursing care
rendered, planning for more appropriate future nursing
care, taking multiple complex contextual factors into
account to protect the patient and being competent).
Conclusion: Our data revealed more nuanced insight into
the meaning of invisible and visible caring in nursing
within the gerontological context than has been previously
reported in the literature. This has implications for
nursing education and practice because it may help
nurses meet the actual needs of older patients in hospital
settings
Cognitive Flexibility and Professional Identity in Nursing Students: The Modeling Role
No full textBACKGROUND: Students' professional identity is essential to build nursing competence. Cognitive flexibility plays a crucial role in developing professional identity, as well as clinical supervisors and academic teachers through role modeling. This study analyzed the role of internship and theoretical modeling in the link between cognitive flexibility and professional identity. METHOD: Participants were first-, second-, and third-year nursing students (n = 284) at a university in northern Italy. Participants completed an online survey, and multigroup analysis was performed. RESULTS: Internship modeling was positively associated with professional identity but not for second-year students. Theoretical modeling was not significantly associated with professional identity and cognitive flexibility. Theoretical modeling did not mediate the relationship between cognitive flexibility and professional identity. Clinical internship modeling mediated the relationship between cognitive flexibility and professional identity but not for second-year students. CONCLUSION: Internship modeling helps students give sense and coherence to learning, which contributes to their professional identity
Quando i pazienti parlano di cura: uno studio qualitativo fenomenologico
No full textIl fenomeno dell’aver cura (caring)
è stato studiato soprattutto dal punto di vista degli infermieri,
ma è fondamentale mettere in luce anche il punto di
vista dei pazienti per comprendere le azioni e i comportamenti
che l’infermiere può adattare per avvicinarsi alle attese
dei pazienti. I due punti di vista infatti possono essere
diversi. Obiettivi. Descrivere e comprendere l’esperienza
di caring infermieristico dei pazienti ricoverati in ospedale,
focalizzandosi sulle azioni degli infermieri. Metodo. È
stata condotta una ricerca qualitativa fenomenologico-ermeneutica.
I dati sono stati raccolti attraverso interviste semi-
strutturate, chiedendo ai pazienti di narrare un episodio
in cui avevano sentito che l’infermiere si era preso cura
di loro. Risultati. Sono stati intervistati 93 pazienti, in
diversi reparti. Le dimensioni di caring si riferiscono alla
possibilità di vivere una relazione di vicinanza con l’infermiere
che li faccia sentire compresi attenuando il senso si
solitudine che talvolta provano. Il caring si concretizza quando
ricevono informazioni coerenti al loro bisogno e comprensibili,
quando l’infermiere presta loro attenzione e li fa
sentire al sicuro attraverso una vigilanza costante. Conclusioni.
Le organizzazioni dovrebbero promuovere modelli
assistenziali che favoriscano la personalizzazione dell’assistenza,
pensando al significato dei pazienti attribuiscono
al carin
Gli effetti dell’invecchiamento della professione infermieristica e strategie per trattenere efficacemente i senior
No full textRiassunto. Obiettivo. Fornire una sintesi del dibattito in letteratura
sull’invecchiamento della professione infermieristica.
Metodi. Revisione dei principali articoli pubblicati dal
2000. Risultati. Avere una forza lavoro che sta rapidamente
invecchiando è una realtà nuova, a cui le nostre organizzazioni
devono prepararsi. Molti infermieri in età prossima
alla quiescenza rimarrebbero nella professione se l’ambiente
lavorativo e il sistema di riconoscimento retributivo
fossero adeguati. Viene presentata la testimonianza di un
infermiere “trattenuto” al lavoro. Conclusioni. Per affrontare
questa importante sfida è necessario sviluppare una leadership
attenta all’invecchiamento degli operatori e riprogettare
la logistica e le strutture di supporto.Summary. The effects of the aging of the nursing profession
and the strategies to effectively retain senior nurses. Aim.
To provide an overview of the debate in the literature on
the aging of the nursing profession. Method. Review of the
main articles published since year 2000. Results. The rapid
aging of the nursing workforce is a new phenomenon that
Italian organizations have to face. Many nurses ready for
retirement would be willing to remain in a more adequate
work environment and salary. The story of a nurse retained
at work is presented. Conclusions. A leadership careful of
this phenomenon and able to re-plan work environments
and supportive mechanisms need to be developed to take on
this new challenge
Securing of Naso-gastric Tubes in Adults Patients:A Review
No full textObjectives: To establish the most effective securing devices and techniques for preventing
nasogastric tube displacement or inadvertent extubation, mucosa and skin lesions,
discomfort, and complications (ab ingestis pneumonia, reduced caloric intake, mortality)
in adult patients.
Design: Systematic review of published and unpublished reports in any language,
identified by searching 5 electronic databases, websites, reference lists, and existing
systematic reviews and papers identified by experts in the field.
Eligibility criteria for selecting studies: Systematic reviews, randomised controlled trials,
and comparative studies that compared 2 techniques or devices to secure nasogastric
tubes in patients 18 years old or older.
Results: Five studies (of which two were randomised controlled trials) were included. Four
studies reported on bridle versus the tape technique (unbridled). The studies’ population
was comprised of mostly Intensive Care Unit patients. Four studies measured
unintentional dislodgement or removal and found a statistically significant advantage
in favour of the bridle. Three studies measured time until failure: two studies compared
the bridle versus tape technique whereas the other compared different types of tape. One
study did not find any significant difference between the two groups of patients whereas
the second demonstrated a significantly longer time until failure in the bridled patients.
Three studies comparing bridled and unbridled patients measured adverse events such
as external nasal ulceration, epistaxis and sinusitis, and there was no agreement between
their results.
One study measured caloric intake and found that bridled patients received a higher
percentage of their caloric goal than unbridled patients.
Only one study analysed the cost-effectiveness of the bridle versus the tape technique
and found a cost saving by implementing routine bridling of nasoenteric feeding tubes.
Discomfort was not measured in the included studies.
Conclusions: Despite the large number of patients receiving this intervention, there is
insufficient evidence to suggest one securing technique or device over another. Data are
lacking on the beneficial effects of the various methods or systems. There is little or no
statistically significant evidence regarding bridling of nasogastric tubes but more research is
needed. There is a need for more well-designed studies conducted in various clinical settings
Effectiveness of digital health interventions for chronic conditions management in European primary care settings: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Full text linkBackground: The past decade has seen rapid digitalization of healthcare, significantly transforming healthcare delivery. However, the impact of these technologies remains unclear, with notable gaps in evidence regarding their effectiveness, especially in primary care settings. Objective: This systematic review assesses the effectiveness of digital health interventions versus interventions without digital components implemented over the last 10 years in European primary care settings for managing chronic diseases. Methods: Following Cochrane guidelines, we conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis. We searched multiple databases for randomized controlled trials. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies on digital health interventions for chronic disease management in primary care settings in Europe, evaluating outcomes such as hospitalizations, quality of life, and clinical measures. Data extraction and quality assessment were independently conducted by two authors, with discrepancies resolved by a third author. The certainty of the evidence was judged according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. Results: From 9829 records, 23 studies were included, with most studies conducted in the UK and Spain. The most investigated conditions were type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Interventions mainly focused on patient monitoring, self-care education, and digital communication tools. The risk of bias was low to moderate for most studies. Meta-analyses showed no significant differences between digital health interventions and usual care for hospitalizations, depressive symptoms, anxiety, HbA1c, diastolic blood pressure, weight, or quality of life, except for a small improvement in systolic blood pressure. Conclusion: Digital health interventions have not yet demonstrated substantial benefits over traditional care for chronic disease management in European primary care. While some improvements were noted, particularly in systolic blood pressure, the impact remains limited. Further research is needed to enhance the effectiveness of digital health interventions, address current methodological limitations, and explore tailored approaches for both specific patient populations and multimorbid populations
Gli effetti dell’invecchiamento della professione infermieristica e strategie per trattenere efficacemente i senior
Full text linkFornire una sintesi del dibattito in letteratura
sull’invecchiamento della professione infermieristica.
Metodi. Revisione dei principali articoli pubblicati dal
2000. Risultati. Avere una forza lavoro che sta rapidamente
invecchiando è una realtà nuova, a cui le nostre organizzazioni
devono prepararsi. Molti infermieri in età prossima
alla quiescenza rimarrebbero nella professione se l’ambiente
lavorativo e il sistema di riconoscimento retributivo
fossero adeguati. Viene presentata la testimonianza di un
infermiere “trattenuto” al lavoro. Conclusioni. Per affrontare
questa importante sfida è necessario sviluppare una leadership
attenta all’invecchiamento degli operatori e riprogettare
la logistica e le strutture di supporto
- …
