1,721,120 research outputs found
Growth factors: Do they play a role in entheseal involvement in psoriatic arthritis and undifferentiated spondyloarthritis patients?
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VITAMIN D DOWN-REGULATES PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE RESPONSE IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PERIPHERAL MACROPHAGES
No full textPostmenopausal women presenting with spinal fractures and the importance of primary care: A case-series
No full textMediterranean diet and osteoarticular diseases
No full textBackground: Besides the well-known positive effect on the reduction of the risk of cardiovascular diseases, in the latest decades growing evidence has accumulated on the beneficial effects of MD on various aspects of health outcomes. Nevertheless, data concerning the existence of a direct positive effect of MD, irrespective of its beneficial effect on body weight, in osteo-articular diseases, are still controversial. In osteo-articular diseases, a pro-inflammatory environment is highlighted, with an increased systemic levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Objective: Our objective is to investigate the effects of adherence to the Mediterranean diet and osteo-articular diseases. Conclusion: Many foods included in MD, have anti-inflammatory properties, due to the presence of nutrients, such as polyunsaturated (PUFA) and monounsaturated (MUFA) fats. The two types of polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega-3 and omega-6, have opposing effects on the inflammatory process. Omega-6 stimulates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, while omega-3 fatty acids exert anti-inflammatory effects, including significant reductions in the release of pro-inflammatory cyto-kines. Some studies have shown that the dietary pattern of MD consumption has an important role in the prevention and development of inflammatory arthritis. Nevertheless, the possible influence of MD on chronic osteo-articular diseases is very limited, this review updates the main experimental and clinical evidences concerning the potential beneficial effects of the Mediterranean Diet on the most diffuse osteo-articular chronic and degenerative joint disease
Vitamin D and connective tissue diseases
No full textObjective and design: Recently, many studies have shown that the biologically active form of vitamin D—1,25(OH)2 D—is involved in many biological processes, including immune system modulation, and patients affected by various autoimmune diseases, such as connective tissue diseases (CTD), showed low levels of vitamin D. It is not clear if vitamin D deficiency is involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases or it is a consequence. Material: We carried out a review of literature to summarize the existing connections between 25-OH vitamin D and CTD. Methods: We searched for articles on PubMed by keywords: vitamin D, connective tissue diseases, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome, systemic sclerosis, undifferentiated connective tissue disease. Results: The relationship between vitamin D and CTD is still not very clear, despite many studies having been performed and some data suggest a connection between these diseases and 25-OH vitamin D levels. Conclusions: The limitations of the study, such as the heterogeneity of patients, methods used to measure vitamin D serum concentration and other biases, do not lead to unequivocal results to demonstrate a direct link between low vitamin D serum levels and autoimmune diseases. Further studies are needed to resolve conflicting results
Wnt signaling and biological therapy in rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis
No full textThe Wnt signaling pathway plays a key role in several biological processes, such as cellular proliferation and tissue regeneration, and its dysregulation is involved in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases. Several evidences support its role especially in bone complications of rheumatic diseases. In Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), the Wnt signaling is implicated in systemic and localized bone loss, while available data of its role in Spondyloarthritis (SpA) are conflicting. In the last few decades, the quality of life of rheumatic patients has been dramatically improved by biological therapy, targeting cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases like tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-17. In this review, we reviewed the role of Wnt signaling in RA and SpA, focusing on the effect of biological therapy on this pathway and its possible clinical implications
Janus kinase inhibitors role in bone remodeling
No full textJanus kinases (JAKs) play a pleiotropic role in several important physiological processes, such as cell maturation, cell proliferation, and cell death, via providing transmission signals from several molecules, such as cytokines, interferons, hormones, and growth factors, to the nucleus. Bone physiology and remodeling are markedly influenced by proinflammatory cytokines. Among them, interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-6 are considered potent stimulator of bone resorption. Several cytokine receptors, such as IL-6 receptors, are characterized by tyrosine kinases of the JAK family associated with their intracellular domains. There is an emerging interest in the effects of JAKs inhibition on the cells involved in bone remodeling. JAK inhibitors represent a new class of molecules involved in the therapy of numerous immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. In this review, we want to focus on the role of JAKs inhibitors on bone remodeling and on RANKL-RANK-OPG signal and inflammatory cytokines which are involved in the regulation of bone cells, such as osteoblasts and osteoclasts
Pattern of adipokine expression in osteoblasts from osteoporotic and osteoarthritic bone
No full textBackground & aims. Osteoarthritis (OA) and osteoporosis (OP) are the two most common osteo-articular diseases in elderly population, whose etiopathogenesis is complex and multifactorial. An inverse relationship between OA and OP has been observed and both diseases are characterized by apparently opposite changes in bone quantity and quality. In vitro studies revealed that osteoblasts from OA and OP bone present different phenotypes. Adipokines are involved in many physiological and pathological processes, including bone homeostasis and osteo-articular diseases. The aim of this study is to evaluate the expression of various adipokines in osteoblasts deriving from healthy subjects and patients suffering from OA or OP. Methods. Primary human osteoblast cultures were obtained from healthy, OA, and OP subjects. In each cell population the synthesis and gene expression of leptin, resistin and adiponectin were evaluated. Results. Adipokines showed an opposite patterns of adipokine expression in OA and OP osteoblasts. Leptin and resistin synthesis and expression were higher in OA osteoblasts compared to healthy and OP osteoblasts, while adiponectin synthesis and expression were significantly lower. Conversely, in OP osteoblasts a reduced synthesis and expression of leptin and resistin were observed, concurrently with increased adiponectin expression. Conclusions. These data confirm that osteoblasts deriving from OA and OP are characterized by different metabolic changes, consisting in opposite expression pattern of adipokines, and suggest that adipokines could be involved in the pathogenesis of bone alterations in both diseases
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