1,721,292 research outputs found
Cameron, Ian Ross, QX5236
No full textThis record was harvested from a previous catalogue system and will be withdrawn in 2025. Information in this record may be superseded or incomplete. Visit this record in UMA's new catalogue at: https://archives.library.unimelb.edu.au/nodes/view/375579Surname: CAMERON
Given Name(s) or Initials: IAN ROSS
Military Service Number or Last Known Location: QX5236
Missing, Wounded and Prisoner of War Enquiry Card Index Number: 31005188280
Item: [2016.0049.07887] "Cameron, Ian Ross, QX5236
A pilot study of Connexin 43 (Cx43) in human bladder tissue patients with idiopathic detrusor overactivity
No full textObjective: aim of the study was to compare Connexin 43 (Cx43) in human bladder tissue of urodynamically proven idiopathic detrusor overactivity to those of urodynamically stable bladders.Study design: we compared bladder biopsies of patients with detrusor overactivity and those with stable bladder analysing Cx43 message by RNA extraction and PCR amplification. All patients had multichannel urodynamics prior to the biopsies.Results: we investigated the bladder biopsies of 15 female patients with and 15 patients without detrusor overactivity. Cx43 could be detected in nine patients of the detrusor overactivity group and in eight patients of the control group which was not statistically significant. 42 cycles of PCR were necessary to demonstrate Cx43 presence in the positive specimen. The presence of Cx43 was not consistent in the samples from the bladder dome and the side walls meaning there were Cx43 positive results in the dome and negative ones in the side walls of the same patient and vice versa.Conclusion: in conclusion, Cx43 is present in human bladder tissue both of overactive bladders and those of controls. However, it is expressed in very small amounts and is not always detectable. The role of Cx43 for the origin of detrusor overactivity remains unclear
Modelling: Nature and Use
No full textEngineering of products and processes is increasingly “model-centric”. Models in their multitudinous forms are ubiquitous, being heavily used for a range of decision making activities across all life cycle phases. This chapter gives an overview of what is a model, the principal activities in the formation of a model for a specific purpose and the wide range of problem types that characterise the application areas of those models. In particular, a strong systems and life cycle perspective is presented which emphasises the development and application of models within each of the life cycle phases. The modelling goal is emphasised and discussed in terms of a triplet of: the model, amodel application and the type of system under study. The much wider length and time scale phenomena now being addressed through modelling is discussed. This change has broadened modelling practice from a dominance on the mesoscale phenomena towards higher and lower scales. This breadth in scale-spread of the partial models being developed presents significant challenges around multiscale modelling and the integration frameworks for such complex system modelling. A number of these frameworks are given in the chapter and are discussed. Throughout the chapter a number of taxonomies around model types and formshelp summarise the current modelling situation within much of product and process applications
Parameter Estimation
No full textIn this chapter the importance of parameter estimation in model development is illustrated through various applications related to reaction systems. In particular, rate constants in a reaction system are obtained through parameter estimation methods. These approaches often require the application of optimisation techniques coupled with dynamic solution of the underlying model. Linear and nonlinear approaches to parameter estimation are investigated. There is also the application of maximum likelihood principles in the estimation of parameters, as well as the use of orthogonal collocation to generate a set of algebraic equations as the basis for parameter estimation.These approaches are illustrated using estimations of kinetic constants from reaction system models
Overview of the Case Studies
No full textA series of case studies are used to illustrate many of the underlying modelling principles within the book. To facilitate this, the ICAS-MoT modelling tool has been used. A wide range of application areas have been chosen to ensure that the principal concepts of effective and efficient modelling are exercised. Conceptual frameworks for single and multiscale problems are given and explained. The importance of the steps is also explained, through annotated schematic diagrams. The important issues around workflow and data flow are given in diagrammatic form
Steady-State Process Modelling
No full textThis chapter covers the basic principles of steady state modelling and simulation using a number of case studies. Two principal approaches are illustrated that develop the unit operation models from first principles as well as through application of standard flowsheet simulators. The approaches illustrate the “equation oriented” approach as well as the “sequential modular” approach to solving complex flowsheets for steady state applications. The applications include the Williams-Otto plant, the hydrodealkylation (HDA) of toluene, conversion of ethylene to ethanol and a bio-ethanol process
Modelling Practice
No full textThis chapter deals with the practicalities of building, testing, deploying and maintaining models. It gives specific advice for each phase of the modelling cycle. To do this, a modelling framework is introduced which covers: problem and model definition; model conceptualization; model data requirements; model construction; model solution; model verification; model validation and finally model deployment and maintenance. Within the adopted methodology, each step is discussedthrough the consideration of key issues and questions relevant to the modelling activity. Practical advice, based on many years of experience is providing in directing the reader in their activities.Traps and pitfalls are discussed and strategies also given to improve model development towards “fit-for-purpose” models. The emphasis in this chapter is the adoption and exercise of a modelling methodology that has proven very successful in many model building activities. It is vital that good methodologies are adopted for both thoroughness and efficiency purposes. Asking good questions for each modelling stage can aid in getting to effective and efficient solutions in modelling practice. Modelling is very much a ‘goal oriented’ activity, under constraints of system insight, time, cost and human resources. The George Box dictum that “all models are wrong, some are useful” should be coupled with the parsimony principle to ensure optimal outcomes
Computer-Aided Modelling Methods and Tools
No full textThe development of models for a range of applications requires methods and tools. In many cases a reference model is required that allows the generation of application specific models that are fit for purpose. There are a range of computer aided modelling tools available that help to define the model, generate the model and provide a range of toolboxes to aid model analysis, solution and results generation. This chapter describes the basic model structures that commence with a definition of the balance volumes and then discuss the conservation equations, constraints and constitutive equations. To illustrate these concepts a number of examples are used. These include models of polymer membranes, distillation and catalyst behaviour. Some detailed considerations within these models are stated and discussed. Model generation concepts are introduced and ideas of a reference model are given that shows a taxonomy of aspects around conservation, constraints and constitutive relations. Aspects of the ICAS-MoT toolbox are given to illustrate the functionality of a computer aided modelling tool, which incorporates an interface to MS Excel
Computer Aided Modelling – Opportunities and Challenges
No full textThis chapter considers the opportunities that are present in developing, extending and applying aspects of computer-aided modelling principles and practice. What are the best tasks to be done by modellers and what needs the application of CAPE tools? How do we efficiently develop model-based solutions to significant problems? The important issues of workflow and data flow are discussed together with fit-for-purpose model development. As well, the lack of tools around multiscale modelling provides opportunities for the development of efficient tools to address such challenges. The ability to easily generate new models from underlying phenomena continues to be a challenge, especially in the face of time and cost constraints.Integrated frameworks that allow flexibility of model development and access to a range of embedded tools are central to future model developments. The challenges and opportunities are discussed for such systems
Tennessee Eastman Plant-wide Industrial Process Challenge Problem
No full textThis chapter presents a comprehensive analysis and modelling of the Tennessee Eastman challenge problem. Both a simplified model of the system as well as a full process model that includes the energy balances is given. In each case a full model analysis is carried out to establish the degrees of freedom (DoF) and the appropriate selection of variables to satisfy the DoF. Of major concern is the control of the process. The chapter considers the open-loop dynamics of the flowsheet as well as the closed loop responses. Plots show the reactor dynamic behaviour as well as stripper exit flowrates. All problem data are given and initial conditions for dynamic runs are stated to enable readers to replicate the model performance
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