16,481 research outputs found
The Coordination Value of Monetary Exchange: Experimental Evidence
No full textA new behavioral foundation is uncovered for why money promotes impersonal exchange. In an experiment, subjects could cooperate by intertemporally exchanging goods with anonymous opponents met at random. Indefinite repetition supported multiple equilibria, from full defection to the efficient outcome. Introducing the possibility to hold and exchange intrinsically worthless tickets affected outcomes and cooperation patterns. Tickets resembled fiat money, which emerged as a tool for equilibrium selection in the economy. Monetary exchange facilitated coordination on cooperation and redistributed surplus from defectors to cooperators. Treatments where subjects could develop a reputation revealed a limited record-keeping role for monetary exchange.money, cooperation, information, trust, folk theorem, repeated games
marco-willi/camera-trap-classifier-publication-code: Updated Installation Instructions
No full text<p>Added new installation instructions for Anaconda users to avoid problems with installing from the requirements.txt file.</p>
Monitoring Institutions in Indefinitely Repeated Games
No full textDoes monitoring past conduct facilitate intertemporal cooperation? We designed an experiment characterized by strategic uncertainty and multiple equilibria where coordinating on the efficient outcome is a challenge. Participants, interacting anonymously in a group, could pay a cost either to obtain information about their counterparts, or to create a freely available public record of individual conduct. Both monitoring institutions were actively employed. However, groups were unable to attain higher levels of cooperation compared to a treatment without monitoring. Information about past conduct alone thus appears to be ineffective in overcoming coordination challenges
marco-willi/camera-trap-classifier-publication-code: Initial Release
No full text<p>Initial release for publication.</p>
The coordination value of monetary exchange: empirical evidence
No full textUnder what conditions can cooperation be sustained in a network of strangers? Here we study the role of institutions and uncover a new behavioral foundation for the use of monetary systems. In an experiment, anonymous subjects could cooperate or defect in bilateral random encounters. This sequence of encounters was indefinite; hence multiple equilibria were possible, including full intertemporal cooperation supported by a social norm based on community punishment of defectors. We report that such social norm did not emerge. Instead, the availability of intrinsically worthless tokens favored the coordination on intertemporal cooperation in ways that networks of strangers were unable to achieve through social norms
Camera Trap Images used in "Identifying Animal Species in Camera Trap Images using Deep Learning and Citizen Science"
No full textAll images were downloaded from Zooniverse and have been resized to 330x330 pixels.This dataset provides the camera trap images used in "Identifying Animal Species in Camera Trap Images using Deep
Learning and Citizen Science" as well as meta-data about the images. The Snapshop Serengeti collection includes 6,163,870 images in JPG format. The Snapshot Wisconsin collection includes 497,204 images in JPG format. The Camera CATalogue collection include 506,241 images in JPG format. Excluded are the images for the dataset "Elephant Expedition" which will be published separately outside DRUM. Also excluded are images of humans due to privacy reasons.This study was partially supported by the NSF under award IIS 1619177The development of the Zooniverse platform was partially supported by a Global Impact Award from Google.We also acknowledge support from STFC under grant ST/N003179/1.EE was funded by the University of Oxford’s Hertford College Mortimer May fund.Willi, Marco; Pitman, Ross T; Cardoso, Anabelle W; Locke, Christina; Swanson, Alexandra; Boyer, Amy; Veldthuis, Marten; Fortson, Lucy. (2018). Camera Trap Images used in "Identifying Animal Species in Camera Trap Images using Deep Learning and Citizen Science". Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://doi.org/10.13020/D6T11K
Software, Data & Models used in "Identifying Animal Species in Camera Trap Images using Deep Learning and Citizen Science"
No full textThis dataset provides the software, the models, and other data used in "Identifying Animal Species in Camera Trap Images using Deep
Learning and Citizen Science". This dataset contains the software to train convolutional neural networks, as well as all models trained for the study and code to apply them on new images. Additionally, data defining the conducted experiments are provided to ensure reproducibility.This study was partially supported by the NSF under award IIS 1619177The development of the Zooniverse platform was partially supported by a Global Impact Award from Google.We also acknowledge support from STFC under grant ST/N003179/1.EE was funded by the University of Oxford’s Hertford College Mortimer May fund.Willi, Marco; Pitman, Ross T; Cardoso, Anabelle W; Locke, Christina; Swanson, Alexandra; Boyer, Amy; Veldthuis, Marten; Fortson, Lucy. (2018). Software, Data & Models used in "Identifying Animal Species in Camera Trap Images using Deep Learning and Citizen Science". Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://doi.org/10.13020/D6P67B
Money is more than memory
No full textImpersonal exchange is the hallmark of an advanced society and money is one key institution that supports it. Economic theory regards money as a crude arrangement for monitoring counterparts’ past conduct. If so, then a public record of past actions—or memory—should supersede the function performed by money. This intriguing theoretical postulate remains untested. In an experiment, we show that the suggested functional equivalence between money and memory does not translate into an empirical equivalence: money removed the incentives to free ride, while memory did not. Monetary systems performed a richer set of functions than just revealing past behaviors
Experimental markets with frictions
No full textDecentralized and impersonal exchange is fundamental to contemporary economies, where many interactions take place among individuals with low levels of information about their counterpart. We review the experimental literature about markets with frictions, where strangers interact in pairs formed at random in economies of indefinite duration. We focus on the impact of communication on the efficiency of the outcome and report results of a new experiment
Cooperation among strangers with and without a monetary system
No full textHuman societies prosper when their members move beyond local exchange and cooperate
with outsiders in the creation of wealth. Collaboration of this type presents
formidable challenges because interaction is impersonal, reciprocity is unfeasible
and trust cannot be easily established. Here we study this cooperation problem by
modeling strategic interaction among strangers through an Intertemporal Exchange
Game. The setup can be easily implemented in the laboratory to study a variety of
cooperation-enhancing institutions. In particular, we study the role of a fiat monetary
system by introducing intrinsically worthless tokens that can be offered in
exchange for cooperation. The experiments show that a monetary system spontaneously
emerges in the laboratory, and is a key institution to promote cooperation
among strangers
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