1,721,171 research outputs found
L'etica dell'invecchiamento
No full textI fattori demografici come l’invecchiamento della popolazione sono cruciali nel plasmare
le tendenze sociali, economiche e politiche, ma la dinamica demografica da sola non determina
il corso degli eventi umani. L’invecchiamento della popolazione richiede una rivalutazione
delle politiche e dei programmi esistenti e il loro adeguamento alla nuova realtà demografica,
nonché ai principi etici e ai valori sociali che definiscono le relazioni intergenerazional
Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Aging and Longevity: The Foundation of Resilience
Full text linkThe interrelation of the processes of immunity and senescence now receives an unprecedented emphasis during the COVID-19 pandemic, which brings to the fore the critical need to combat immunosenescence and improve the immune function and resilience of older persons. Here we review the historical origins and the current state of the science of innate and adaptive immunity in aging and longevity. From the modern point of view, innate and adaptive immunity are not only affected by aging but also are important parts of its underlying mechanisms. Excessive levels or activity of antimicrobial peptides, C-reactive protein, complement system, TLR/NF-κB, cGAS/STING/IFN 1,3 and AGEs/RAGE pathways, myeloid cells and NLRP3 inflammasome, declined levels of NK cells in innate immunity, thymus involution and decreased amount of naive T-cells in adaptive immunity, are biomarkers of aging and predisposition factors for cellular senescence and aging-related pathologies. Long-living species, human centenarians, and women are characterized by less inflamm-aging and decelerated immunosenescence. Despite recent progress in understanding, the harmonious theory of immunosenescence is still developing. Geroprotectors targeting these mechanisms are just emerging and are comprehensively discussed in this article
Cancro e Invecchiamento
No full textGli studi epidemiologici hanno dimostrato che la mortalità per cancro aumenta con l’età fino al novantesimo anno, in cui raggiunge il plateau e quindi declina (Fig. 61.1). La mortalità per cancro è di circa il 40% dai 50 ai 70 anni e inferiore al 4% nei centenari. Questo non è strano perché è noto che i longevi ritardano o evitano quasi tutte le malattie infiammatorie legate all’età e il can-cro è una malattia in cui la componente infiammatoria gioca un ruolo rilevante.......................................
Xenobiotici e Cancerogenesi
No full textIl termine esposoma è stato coniato dall’epidemiologo Christopher Wild nel 2005 per indica-re “la totalità delle esposizioni ambientali cui è sottoposto l’uomo dal concepimento in poi”1. É importante tener presente che anche il genoma è sottoposto a tale esposizione, a partire dal pe-riodo prenatale. Nel 2012 Wild definisce tre sottoinsiemi, talvolta intersecati, all’interno del con-cetto di esposoma e che devono essere presi in considerazione per misurarlo nella sua totalità: .....................
Chance and Causality in Ageing and Longevity
No full textLongevity is not a matter of genes. This is the message that appeared last year in all the newspapers of the world, according to a study due to a joint venture between the statisticians of Ancestry and Calico Life Sciences that has dissected the genealogical trees of 400 million individuals, tracing back generations, and including dates of birth, death, places, and family ties. The genes would have little to do with longevity: in a percentage perhaps even less than 10% [1]. However, this extensive study has analysed the influence of genetics in terms of lifespan, but not in terms of longevity. Longevity may be defined in relative and absolute terms [2]. Longevity, indeed, may be considered a concept country/population specific, since different populations/countries show great variability of their life expectancy, represented by the age reached by 50% of a given population, owing to historical, anthropological, and socio-economic differences. In “absolute” terms, instead, longevity is defined according to the maximum lifespan attained and scientifically validated by human beings on the Earth (Chap. 4). The threshold of exceptional longevity is regarded the canonical age of 100........(abstract is not foresee, so we have uploaded the first part of introduction)
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