222 research outputs found
Cicinnus magnapuncta Kaye 1901
No full text<i>Cicinnus magnapuncta</i> (Kaye, 1901) <p>(Figs. 6, 9, 10, 31)</p> <p> <b>Type locality.</b> Trinidad, Tabaquite [NHMUK, syntype examined, designated here as lectotype] <i>Perophora magnapuncta</i> Kaye, 1901: Kaye (1901); Kaye & Lamont (1927).</p> <p> <i>Cicinnus magnapuncta</i> was described and illustrated implicitly from one (but possibly more) specimens collected at Tabaquite, central Trinidad, in June 1898 by W.J. Kaye (Kaye 1901, Kaye & Lamont 1927). Kaye (1901) does not indicate the sex of the type material but his illustration and the single specimen recognized as a type in the NHMUK is female (Fig. 31). The syntype in the NHMUK lacks a collecting data label, though it does bear a label reading “Trinidad, Kaye” and the accession number 1901-72. On the reverse of the accession label, <i>Perophora magnapuncta</i> Kaye is handwritten, in a style similar to that seen for other Kaye types from 1901 in NHMUK, although different from Kaye’s characteristic writing on later types. A red edged type label is also present on the specimen, along with a genitalia preparation label (the genitalia are apparently missing because the slide only contains the terminal two abdominal segments). We therefore believe that this specimen is a syntype, and here designate it as the lectotype with the following labels: C, magnapuncta Keyes [<i>recte</i> Kaye] Type genit.pr. No 6 Mimallonidae / BMNH(E) #805414/ NHMUK010588329/ Type [red edged circular label]/ Trinidad Kaye 1901 -72 [number after 1901 unclear, 72 or 92, written on upper surface of label]; <i>Perophora magnapuncta</i> Kaye [written on lower surface of label]/ LECTOTYPE ♀ <i>Perophora magnapuncta</i> Kaye designated by St Laurent and Cock, 2017 [red handwritten label].</p> <p> <i>Cicinnus magnapuncta</i> was the only mimallonid species described from Trinidad until <i>C. trini</i> described above. Although <i>C. magnapuncta</i> seemed to be endemic to the island, a single male specimen from French Guiana in the MNHN (Fig. 9) may be this species considering the similarities in external appearance to the females and the close affinity of Trinidad Mimallonidae with those of French Guiana. However, due to the lack of males from Trinidad, it is not possible to definitively state at this time that the two populations are conspecific. Interestingly, so far only females of <i>C. magnapuncta</i> have been collected or photographed in Trinidad, thus males seem to either not be strongly attracted to light or are potentially diurnal or crepuscular whereas the females arrive late (23.51 h and 0 0.44 h) at light (K. Sookdeo pers. comm.).</p> <p> Several similar <i>Cicinnus</i> species are known from mainland South America, namely: <i>C. bactriana</i> (Butler, 1878), <i>C. callipius</i> Schaus, 1928, <i>C. candacus</i> Schaus, 1928, <i>C. gaujoni</i> (Dognin, 1922), and <i>C. marona</i> Schaus, 1905. Primary types of all species have been examined by the first author. <i>Cicinnus magnapuncta</i> is unique in having weak maculation, particularly submarginally, such that there is a complete absence of dark petiolate scales. The relatively faint postmedial lines and discal spots, as well as light brown to fawn ground coloration, also can be used to distinguish <i>C. magnapuncta</i> from other species listed previously, which are darker brown or nearly orange in the case of <i>C. marona</i>, and nearly always have stronger maculation.</p> <p> Prior to this work, <i>C. magnapuncta</i> was only known from a single location in Trinidad, therefore we report several new locations for this species, and figure actual specimens (not a painted illustration) for the first time. This species is restricted to forested areas of Trinidad, though the previously mentioned specimen from French Guiana may be this species. In addition to the lectotype collected from Tabaquite in the Central Range, <i>C. magnapuncta</i> has been found on the slopes of the Northern Range.</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> (1 ♂ *, 6 ♀ total) <b>TRINIDAD</b>: 2 ♀, Brasso Seco: 14.III.2015 (K. Sookdeo photograph, not collected). 1 ♀, Cumaca Road 0.5 mi: 27.X.1980, M.J.W. Cock [<i>leg.</i>], at MV Light (UWIZM CABI.2457). 3 ♀, Cumaca Road, 4.6 mi: 21.X.1982, M.J.W. Cock [<i>leg.</i>], at MV light (2 ♀ MWJC, 1 ♀ to be deposited USNM). 1 ♀, [Tabaquite]: [VI.1898], Kaye 1901, [lecto] type, BMNH (E)# 805414, NHMUK 010588329 (NHMUK). <b>FRENCH GUIANA:</b> 1 ♂, St. Jean du Maroni: 2.I.1978, T. Porion <i>leg.</i> [*provisionally identified as this species] (MNHN).</p>Published as part of <i>St Laurent, Ryan A. & Cock, Matthew J. W., 2017, Annotated list of Mimallonidae (Lepidoptera, Mimallonoidea) from Trinidad and Tobago, with the description of a new species of Cicinnus Blanchard, 1852 and taxonomic notes, pp. 53-70 in Zootaxa 4268 (1)</i> on pages 60-62, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4268.1.3, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/579898">http://zenodo.org/record/579898</a>
Early growth response gene-2 (Egr-2) regulates the development of B and T cells
No full textThe study was supported by Arthritis Research UK.
Copyright @ 2011 Li et al.BACKGROUND: Understanding of how transcription factors are involved in lymphocyte development still remains a challenge. It has been shown that Egr-2 deficiency results in impaired NKT cell development and defective positive selection of T cells. Here we investigated the development of T, B and NKT cells in Egr-2 transgenic mice and the roles in the regulation of distinct stages of B and T cell development. METHODS AND FINDINGS: The expression of Egr1, 2 and 3 were analysed at different stages of T and B cell development by RT-PCT and results showed that the expression was strictly regulated at different stages. Forced expression of Egr-2 in CD2+ lymphocytes resulted in a severe reduction of CD4+CD8+ (DP) cells in thymus and pro-B cells in bone marrow, which was associated with reduced expression of Notch1 in ISP thymocytes and Pax5 in pro-B cells, suggesting that retraction of Egr-2 at the ISP and pro-B cell stages is important for the activation of lineage differentiation programs. In contrast to reduction of DP and pro-B cells, Egr-2 enhanced the maturation of DP cells into single positive (SP) T and NKT cells in thymus, and immature B cells into mature B cells in bone marrow. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that Egr-2 expressed in restricted stages of lymphocyte development plays a dynamic, but similar role for the development of T, NKT and B cells.This article is provided by the Brunel Open Access publishing fund
Roy et al. 2023 Supplemental Information for "Sediment-encased pressure–temperature maturation experiments elucidate the impact of diagenesis on melanin-based fossil color and its paleobiological implications."
No full textSupplemental Information for
Sediment-encased pressure–temperature maturation experiments elucidate the impact of diagenesis on melanin-based fossil color and its paleobiological implications.
Arindam Roy* (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-6851)
Michael Pittman* (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6149-3078)
Thomas G. Kaye (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7996-618X)
Evan T. Saitta (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9306-9060)
*Corresponding author(s)
Email: [email protected] ; [email protected]
The Dataset contains two files, (1) Supporting Information and (2) Supporting Data PCA worksheet.
The first contains Supplementary tables and figures (.docx file) while the structural organisation of the second (.xlsx file) is provided below:
Authors:
Arindam Roy* (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-6851)
Michael Pittman* (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6149-3078)
Thomas G. Kaye (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7996-618X)
Evan T. Saitta (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9306-9060)
*Corresponding author(s)
README:
We received ToF-SIMS data (Samples 1–30, 36–51) pertaining to purified melanosome extracts of modern bird feathers (both fresh and capsule-matured) from Caitlin Colleary (Associate Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology, Cleveland Museum of Natural History), based on their previous work (Colleary et al. 2015). Citation below:
Colleary, C., A. Dolocan, J. Gardner, S. Singh, M. Wuttke, R. Rabenstein, J. Habersetzer, S. Schaal, M. Feseha, M. Clemens, B. F. Jacobs, E. D. Currano, L. L. Jacobs, R. L. Sylvestersen, S. E. Gabbott, and J. Vinther. 2015. Chemical, experimental, and morphological evidence for diagenetically altered melanin in exceptionally preserved fossils. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 112(41):12592-7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1509831112
We further augmented this data set by adding ToF-SIMS spectra from our own samples (31-34, 52-79) pertaining to sediment encased maturation experiments (190ºC to 300ºC) and fossilised feathers of paravian dinosaurs housed at the Shandong Tianyu Museum of Natural History, Linyi Shi, Shandong, China.
We conducted Principal Components Analysis with this Data and this dataset effectively serves as a PCA worksheet. The file can be opened/edited using Microsoft 365 Excel (.xlsx) with the following organisation of sheets.
Sheets:
|----- PCA All : contains Sample ID, treatment categories, mass by charge (m/z) ratios of 55 peaks, peak identity and raw intensity counts
|-----PCA All Normalised : same data as PCA All but peak raw intensity counts normalised.
|-----PCA All Mean Centered: same data as PCA Normalised but with peak raw intensity mean centered.
|-----PCA All Loading Matrix: Loading matrix for PCA All using all 55 peaks.
|-----PCA All Eigen Vectors: Eigen vectors for PCA All.
|-----PCA All Scores: PCA scores for all 55 peaks.
|-----PCA No Lipids RAW: same data as PCA All but without peaks suspected to arise from lipids (e.g., CxH-).
|-----PCA No Lipids Normalised: same data as PCA without Lipids RAW but with peak raw intensity counts normalised.
|-----PCA No Lipids MeanCentred: same data as PCA without Lipids Norm but with peak raw intensity counts mean centered.
|-----PCA No Lipids Loading Matrix: Loading matrix for PCA All excluding peaks of lipid origin (CxH-).
|-----PCA No Lipids Eigen Vectors: Eigen vectors for PCA No Lipids Eigen Vectors.
|-----PCA No Lipids Scores: PCA scores for all peaks excluding those of lipid origin (CxH-).
The dataset can be created in Microsoft Office 365 (Excel: .xlsx file). The file can also be also be opened and edited using the following softwares.
1. Google Sheets
2. Apache Open Office
3. Libre Office
4. PAST 4 (free software for scientific data analysis, with functions for data manipulation, plotting, univariate and multivariate statistics, ecological analysis, time series and spatial analysis, morphometrics and stratigraphy).
Single- and Multi-carrier Quadrature Amplitude Modulation: Principles and Applications for Personal Communications, WATM and Broadcasting: 2nd
No full textSingle- and Multi-carrier Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Principles and Applications for Personal Communications, WLANs and Broadcasting L. Hanzo Department of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, UK W. Webb Motorola, Arlington Heights, USA formerly at Multiple Access Communications Ltd, Southampton, UK T. Keller Ubinetics, Cambridge Technology Centre, Melbourn, UK formerly at Department of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, UK Motivated by the rapid evolution of wireless communication systems, this expanded second edition provides an overview of most major single- and multi-carrier Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) techniques commencing with simple QAM schemes for the uninitiated through to complex, rapidly-evolving areas, such as arrangements for wide-band mobile channels. Targeted at the more advanced reader, the multi-carrier modulation based second half of the book presents a research-orientated outlook using a variety of novel QAM-based arrangements. * Features six new chapters dealing with the complexities of multi-carrier modulation which has found applications ranging from Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) to Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) * Provides a rudimentary introduction for readers requiring a background in the field of modulation and radio wave propagation * Discusses classic QAM transmission issues relevant to Gaussian channels * Examines QAM-based transmissions over mobile radio channels * Incorporates QAM-related orthogonal techniques, considers the spectral efficiency of QAM in cellular frequency re-use structures and presents a QAM-based speech communications system design study * Introduces Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) over both Gaussian and wideband fading channels By providing an all-encompassing self-contained treatment of single- and multi- carrier QAM based communications, a wide range of readers including senior undergraduate and postgraduate students, practising engineers and researchers alike will all find the coverage of this book attractive
Roy et al. 2023 Supplemental Information for "Sediment-encased pressure–temperature maturation experiments elucidate the impact of diagenesis on melanin-based fossil color and its paleobiological implications."
No full text<p><em>Supplemental Information for</em></p>
<p>Sediment-encased pressure–temperature maturation experiments elucidate the impact of diagenesis on melanin-based fossil color and its paleobiological implications.</p>
<p>Arindam Roy<em><sup>*</sup></em> (<a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-6851">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-6851</a>)</p>
<p>Michael Pittman<em><sup>*</sup></em> (<a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6149-3078">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6149-3078</a>)</p>
<p>Thomas G. Kaye (<a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7996-618X">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7996-618X</a>)</p>
<p>Evan T. Saitta (<a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9306-9060">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9306-9060</a>)</p>
<p>*Corresponding author(s)</p>
<p><strong>Email: </strong><a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a> ; <a href="http://palaeopittman.com/2022/03/27/lab-members/[email protected]">[email protected]</a></p>
<p>The Dataset contains two files, (1) Supporting Information and (2) Supporting Data PCA worksheet. </p>
<p>The first contains Supplementary tables and figures (.docx file) while the structural organisation of the second (.xlsx file) is provided below:</p>
<p>Authors: </p>
<p>Arindam Roy* (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-6851)<br>
Michael Pittman* (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6149-3078)<br>
Thomas G. Kaye (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7996-618X)<br>
Evan T. Saitta (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9306-9060)<br>
*Corresponding author(s)</p>
<p>README: </p>
<p>We received ToF-SIMS data (Samples 1–30, 34–49) pertaining to purified melanosome extracts of modern bird feathers (both fresh and capsule-matured) from Caitlin Colleary (Associate Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology, Cleveland Museum of Natural History), based on their previous work (Colleary et al. 2015). Citation below: </p>
<p>Colleary, C., A. Dolocan, J. Gardner, S. Singh, M. Wuttke, R. Rabenstein, J. Habersetzer, S. Schaal, M. Feseha, M. Clemens, B. F. Jacobs, E. D. Currano, L. L. Jacobs, R. L. Sylvestersen, S. E. Gabbott, and J. Vinther. 2015. Chemical, experimental, and morphological evidence for diagenetically altered melanin in exceptionally preserved fossils. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 112(41):12592-7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1509831112</p>
<p>We further augmented this data set by adding ToF-SIMS spectra from our own samples(31-33, 50-77) pertaining to sediment encased maturation experiments (190ºC to 300ºC) and fossilised feathers of paravian dinosaurs housed at the Shandong Tianyu Museum of Natural History, Linyi Shi, Shandong, China.</p>
<p>We conducted Principal Components Analysis with this Data and this dataset effectively serves as a PCA worksheet. The file can be opened/edited using Microsoft 365 Excel (.xlsx) with the following organisation of sheets.</p>
<p>Sheets: </p>
<p>|----- PCA whole : contains Sample ID, treatment categories, mass by charge (m/Z) ratios of peaks, peak identity and raw intensity counts<br>
|-----PCA Norm : same data as PCA whole but peak raw intensity counts normalised.<br>
|-----PCA Mean Centered: same data as PCA Norm but with peak raw intensity counts normalised.<br>
|-----PCA All Loading Matrix: Loading matrix for PCA using all peaks.<br>
|-----PCA Scores<br>
|-----PCA No Lipids RAW: same data as PCA whole but without peaks suspected to arise from lipids (e.g., CxH- ) <br>
|-----PCA No Lipids Norm: same data as PCA without Lipids RAW but with peak raw intensity counts normalised.<br>
|-----PCA No Lipids MeanCentred: same data as PCA without Lipids Norm but with peak raw intensity counts normalised.<br>
|-----PCA No Lipids Loading Matrix: Loading matrix for PCA using peaks excluding peaks of lipid origin (CxH-).<br>
|-----PCA No Lipids Scores</p>
<p><br>
The dataset can be created in Microsoft Office 365 (Excel: .xlsx file). The file can also be also be opened and edited using the following softwares.<br>
1. Google Sheets<br>
2. Apache Open Office<br>
3. Libre Office<br>
4. PAST 4 (free software for scientific data analysis, with functions for data manipulation, plotting, univariate and multivariate statistics, ecological analysis, time series and spatial analysis, morphometrics and stratigraphy).</p>
Roy et al. 2023 Supplemental Information for "Sediment-encased pressure–temperature maturation experiments elucidate the impact of diagenesis on melanin-based fossil color and its paleobiological implications."
No full textSupplemental Information for
Sediment-encased pressure–temperature maturation experiments elucidate the impact of diagenesis on melanin-based fossil color and its paleobiological implications.
Arindam Roy* (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-6851)
Michael Pittman* (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6149-3078)
Thomas G. Kaye (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7996-618X)
Evan T. Saitta (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9306-9060)
*Corresponding author(s)
Email: [email protected] ; [email protected]
The Dataset contains two files, (1) Supporting Information and (2) Supporting Data PCA worksheet.
The first contains Supplementary tables and figures (.docx file) while the structural organisation of the second (.xlsx file) is provided below:
We received ToF-SIMS data (Samples 1–30, 36–51) pertaining to purified melanosome extracts of modern bird feathers (both fresh and capsule-matured) from Caitlin Colleary (Associate Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology, Cleveland Museum of Natural History), based on their previous work (Colleary et al. 2015). Citation below:
Colleary, C., A. Dolocan, J. Gardner, S. Singh, M. Wuttke, R. Rabenstein, J. Habersetzer, S. Schaal, M. Feseha, M. Clemens, B. F. Jacobs, E. D. Currano, L. L. Jacobs, R. L. Sylvestersen, S. E. Gabbott, and J. Vinther. 2015. Chemical, experimental, and morphological evidence for diagenetically altered melanin in exceptionally preserved fossils. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 112(41):12592-7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1509831112
We further augmented this data set by adding ToF-SIMS spectra from our own samples (31-34, 52-79) pertaining to sediment encased maturation experiments (190ºC to 300ºC) and fossilised feathers of paravian dinosaurs housed at the Shandong Tianyu Museum of Natural History, Linyi Shi, Shandong, China.
We conducted Principal Components Analysis with this Data and this dataset effectively serves as a PCA worksheet. The file can be opened/edited using Microsoft 365 Excel (.xlsx) with the following organisation of sheets.
Sheets:
|----- PCA All : contains Sample ID, treatment categories, mass by charge (m/z) ratios of 55 peaks, peak identity and raw intensity counts
|-----PCA All Normalised : same data as PCA All but peak raw intensity counts normalised.
|-----PCA All Mean Centered: same data as PCA Normalised but with peak raw intensity mean centered.
|-----PCA All Loading Matrix: Loading matrix for PCA All using all 55 peaks.
|-----PCA All Eigen Vectors: Eigen vectors for PCA All.
|-----PCA All Scores: PCA scores for all 55 peaks.
|-----PCA No Lipids RAW: same data as PCA All but without peaks suspected to arise from lipids (e.g., CxH-).
|-----PCA No Lipids Normalised: same data as PCA without Lipids RAW but with peak raw intensity counts normalised.
|-----PCA No Lipids MeanCentred: same data as PCA without Lipids Norm but with peak raw intensity counts mean centered.
|-----PCA No Lipids Loading Matrix: Loading matrix for PCA All excluding peaks of lipid origin (CxH-).
|-----PCA No Lipids Eigen Vectors: Eigen vectors for PCA No Lipids Eigen Vectors.
|-----PCA No Lipids Scores: PCA scores for all peaks excluding those of lipid origin (CxH-).
The dataset has been created in Microsoft Office 365 (Excel: .xlsx file). The file can also be also be opened and edited using the following softwares.
1. Google Sheets
2. Apache Open Office
3. Libre Office
4. PAST 4 (free software for scientific data analysis, with functions for data manipulation, plotting, univariate and multivariate statistics, ecological analysis, time series and spatial analysis, morphometrics and stratigraphy).
Roy et al. 2023 Supplemental Information for "Sediment-encased pressure–temperature maturation experiments elucidate the impact of diagenesis on melanin-based fossil color and its paleobiological implications."
No full text<p><em>Supplemental Information for</em></p>
<p>Sediment-encased pressure–temperature maturation experiments elucidate the impact of diagenesis on melanin-based fossil color and its paleobiological implications.</p>
<p>Arindam Roy<em><sup>*</sup></em> (<a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-6851">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-6851</a>)</p>
<p>Michael Pittman<em><sup>*</sup></em> (<a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6149-3078">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6149-3078</a>)</p>
<p>Thomas G. Kaye (<a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7996-618X">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7996-618X</a>)</p>
<p>Evan T. Saitta (<a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9306-9060">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9306-9060</a>)</p>
<p>*Corresponding author(s)</p>
<p><strong>Email: </strong><a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a> ; <a href="http://palaeopittman.com/2022/03/27/lab-members/[email protected]">[email protected]</a></p>
<p>The Dataset contains two files, (1) Supporting Information and (2) Supporting Data PCA worksheet. </p>
<p>The first contains Supplementary tables and figures (.docx file) while the structural organisation of the second (.xlsx file) is provided below:</p>
<p>Sheets: </p>
<p>|----- PCA whole : contains Sample ID, treatment categories, mass by charge (m/Z) ratios of peaks, peak identity and raw intensity counts.</p>
<p>|-----PCA Norm : same data as PCA whole but peak raw intensity counts normalised.</p>
<p>|-----PCA Mean Centered: same data as PCA Norm but with peak raw intensity counts normalised.</p>
<p>|-----PCA All Loading Matrix: Loading matrix for PCA using all peaks.</p>
<p>|-----PCA without Lipids RAW: same data as PCA whole but without peaks suspected to arise from lipids (e.g., CxH- ) </p>
<p>|-----PCA without Lipids Norm: same data as PCA without Lipids RAW but with peak raw intensity counts normalised.</p>
<p>|-----PCA without Lipids MeanCentred: same data as PCA without Lipids Norm but with peak raw intensity counts normalised.</p>
<p>|-----PCAwithoutLipidsLoading Matrix: Loading matrix for PCA using peaks excluding peaks of lipid origin (CxH-).</p>
<p>The dataset can be created in Microsoft Office 365 (Excel: .xlsx file). The file can also be also be opened and edited using the following softwares.</p>
<ol>
<li>Google Sheets</li>
<li>Apache Open Office</li>
<li>Libre Office</li>
<li>PAST 4 (free software for scientific data analysis, with functions for data manipulation, plotting, univariate and multivariate statistics, ecological analysis, time series and spatial analysis, morphometrics and stratigraphy).</li>
</ol>
Downregulation of <em>MALAT1</em> is a hallmark of tissue and peripheral proliferative T cells in COVID-19
No full text\ua9 2023 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Immunology.T cells play key protective but also pathogenic roles in COVID-19. We studied the expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in COVID-19 T-cell transcriptomes by integrating previously published single-cell RNA sequencing datasets. The long intergenic non-coding RNA MALAT1 was the most highly transcribed lncRNA in T cells, with Th1 cells demonstrating the lowest and CD8+ resident memory cells the highest MALAT1 expression, amongst CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells populations, respectively. We then identified gene signatures that covaried with MALAT1 in single T cells. A significantly higher number of transcripts correlated negatively with MALAT1 than those that correlated. Enriched functional annotations of the MALAT1- anti-correlating gene signature included processes associated with T-cell activation such as cell division, oxidative phosphorylation, and response to cytokine. The MALAT1 anti-correlating gene signature shared by both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells marked dividing T cells in both the lung and blood of COVID-19 patients. Focussing on the tissue, we used an independent patient cohort of post-mortem COVID-19 lung samples and demonstrated that MALAT1 suppression was indeed a marker of MKI67+ proliferating CD8+ T cells. Our results reveal MALAT1 suppression and its associated gene signature are a hallmark of human proliferating T cells
Reading silence actively: Recovering the maternal narrative in contemporary women's novels
No full textThe author has granted permission for their work to be available to the general public.This project uses an interdisciplinary methodology derived from linguistic, rhetorical, critical race, feminist, and third-space feminist theories to examine how close discursive analysis reveals counter-hegemonic tendencies in maternal characters who use silence as a source of linguistic empowerment. In my analysis, I compare novels published post-1985 by both white and black American women to demonstrate an emerging cross-racial dialectic concerning American feminist mothering and the role of silence in literature. Throughout my dissertation, I explore how silence has been used by contemporary women authors publishing post-1985 to subvert various forms of oppression, as well as to recover via a palimpsestic methodology matrilineal heritages that have been left unwritten. Specifically, I focus on Sherley Anne Williams's Dessa Rose (1986), Ellen Douglas's Can't Quit You, Baby (1988), Kaye Gibbons's Ellen Foster (1987), Dori Sanders's Clover (1990), Sapphire's PUSH (1996), Kim Edwards's The Memory Keeper's Daughter (2005), Alice Randall's The Wind Done Gone (2001), and Nancy Rawles's My Jim (2005). Throughout this project, I demonstrate the progressive, transformational use of silence as a rhetorical strategy by contemporary American women writers as a discursive method of non-oppositional feminist dialogue.Englis
The function and origin of the CD4+ T cell in the classical Hodgkin lymphoma microenvironment
No full textPhDClassical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) is a germinal centre B cell malignancy where the bulk of the tumour comprises a non-clonal immune infiltrate enriched for CD4+ T cells. The role of these cells in the pathophysiology of CHL is poorly understood. Biomarkers predictive of clinical outcome in CHL are limited. This thesis examines microenvironment biomarkers with the goal of identifying the 10-20% of patients who are not cured by conventional therapy, and also investigates the function of the CD4+ T cell in CHL.
The prognostic power of FOXP3, a marker of regulatory T cells, CD68, a macrophage marker and CD20, a B cell marker, is validated in a new patient cohort and for the first time CD68 and FOXP3 are combined in a statistically robust scoring system. The data presented challenge the assumption that the microenvironment is Th2-polarised or senescent and demonstrates relative over-expression of T-BET, a Th1 marker and under-expression of PD1, a marker of senescence/exhaustion, with little evidence for Th2 marker expression. A cytokine-enriched in vitro culture system was developed demonstrating superior proliferation and longevity of CHL-derived T cells compared to non-malignant tissue-derived controls. These cells sustain expression of markers associated with proliferation and longevity (e.g. CD27, CD28) and remain functional (express cytokines) for many weeks. A panel of CD4+ T cell-specific markers was determined capable of differentiating CHL-derived from non-malignant or non-Hodgkin lymphoma-derived CD4+ T cells, in which markers of central memory (CD62L and CCR7) and early activation (CD69) are over-represented and markers of senescence (CD57 and PD1) are under-represented. Cytokine profiles were found to resemble Th1 (expression of IL2, IFN- and TNF expression) rather than Th2 (IL4, IL13, IL21, IL10 and IL6) responses.
The data presented confirm a new prognostic biomarker signature and show a Th1 rather than Th2-dominated microenvironment enriched for cytokine-secreting functional effector CD4+ T cells and long-lived, proliferative cells resembling central memory cells rather than hypoproliferative, anergic, non-functional T cells
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