2,146 research outputs found
The Distribution and Size of Retinal Ganglion Cells in Microcebus murinus, Cheirogaleus medius, and Tarsius syrichta: Implications for the Evolution of Sensory Systems in Primates
No full textSensory specializations, particularly in the visual system, have been crucial factors in the evolution of brain and behavior in primates (Allman, 1998; Kay and Kirk, 2000; Ross, 2000). The entire output of the retina is channeled through the retinal ganglion cells whose axons form the optic nerve connecting the eye and brain. The patterns of retinal ganglion cell density and size in anthropoids are different from those in strepsirrhines known to date ( Otolemur cmssicaudatus and Galago senegalensis). Anthropoids have higher ganglion cell densities in the central retina than these strepsirrhines, and exhibit a marked gradient in cell soma size across the retina, with larger cells in the periphery of the retina. In the absence of data on these parameters in a wider range of strepsirrhines and haplorhines, it is impossible to determine whether these differences are due to broad ecological differences between the groups, such as activity pattern, or to less tractable suborder differences in visual system anatomy
Functional Morphology and Evolution of the Primate Auditory System
No full textStony Brook University Libraries.
Department of Anthropology.
Lawrence Martin (Dean of Graduate School), Dr. Callum F. Ross (Associate Professor, Co-primary Advisor), Dr. Brigitte Demes (Professor, Defense Chairperson and Advisor), Dr. William Jungers (Chairman and Professor Co-primary Advisor), Dr. John J. Rosowski (Professor, Outside Committee Member)
Web 2.0: Hypertext by Any Other Name?
No full textWeb 2.0 is the popular name of a new generation of Web applications, sites and companies that emphasis openness, community and interaction. Examples include technologies such as Blogs and Wikis, and sites such as Flickr. In this paper we compare these next generation tools to the aspirations of the early Hypertext pioneers to see if their aims have finally been realized
Multiproxy quantitative paleoceanographic dataset from late Quaternary marine sediment archives in the western Ross Sea (Antarctica)
No full textThe past ice sheet dynamics and the timing of retreat events in the paleo-record in the Ross Sea is an issue still few understood. In order to contribute to this topic, we provide a multiproxy data from marine sediment archives (cores and box cores) collected in three sites in the Central Basin (Western Ross Sea, Antarctica). Each site recorded different environments, affected by different oceanographic conditions and sedimentary regime. This makes the three investigated sediment cores and box cores unique and useful for comparison with other studied cores collected in the same basin. The data set includes physical (paleomagnetism, grain size and petrography), chemical, micropaleontological (diatom, foraminifera and silicoflagellate assemblages) analyses and cryptotephra characterization increasing the information already reported in literature. The importance of this dataset is related to a multi-disciplinary approach in a site, the Central Basin, few investigated which represents a key area to connect the Southern Ocean and the Ross Sea. © 2024 The Author
Timor-Leste human development report 2011 : managing natural resources for human development : developing the non-oil economy to achieve the MDGs
No full textPrincipal Author John G Taylor, Coordinator Rui Gomes, Authors, Technical Background Papers Tobias N. Rasmussen, Andrew Rosser, Martin Sandbu, Michael Ross, Tibor van Staveren, Ricardo F. Neupert, Rui A. Gomes, John G Taylor, Sonny Harmadi, Hafiz Pash
Skull shape and the demands of feeding: a biomechanical study of peccaries (Mammalia, Cetartiodactyla)
No full textA primary requirement of the mammalian skull is to exert forces on different foods and to resist the forces imposed on it during feeding. Skull shape patterns within and among mammals are generally well known, but the biomechanical relevance of this variation remains limited for some groups. By integrating geometric morphometric and biomechanical analyses, we test the hypothesis that skull shape in peccaries reflects biomechanical attributes to generate and dissipate powerful forces, presumably in response to tough foods. We obtained skull shape and size from 213 specimens of the three living peccary species and estimated bite force, bite stress at molars, bending and shear stress on the mandibular corpus, and condylar stress. We found larger estimated bite forces, greater resistance to bending loads, and lower stress emerging from the larger muscle attachment areas and shorter and deeper mandibular corpora for both Pecari tajacu and Tayassu pecari relative to Parachoerus wagneri. Peccaries (P. tajacu and T. pecari) with more powerful biomechanical attributes feed mainly on tougher foods (e.g., palm fruits). These results support the hypothesis that species eating tough foods tend to have a feeding morphology mechanically adapted to stronger bites and greater biting resistance, which must be closely reflected in their craniomandibular shape.Fil: Hendges, Carla. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Brasil. Field Museum of National History; Estados UnidosFil: Patterson, Bruce. Field Museum of National History; Estados UnidosFil: Cáceres, Nilton C.. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; BrasilFil: Gasparini, Germán Mariano. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Paleontología Vertebrados; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Ross, Callum. University of Chicago; Estados Unido
The Misunderstood Alliance between Sports Fans, Players, and the Antitrust Laws
No full textThe baseball strike and the ongoing hostilities between the players\u27 association and owners have evoked criticism and frustration among fans and others. Although the players successfully defeated the owners\u27 most recent attempts to reduce major league competition, the threat of future imposition of competitive restraints by the owners remains. In this article Professor Stephen F. Ross argues that blanket restraints on the market for players affirmatively inhibit on-the-field competition and consequently offend the Sherman Act.
The article begins with the proposition that monopsony - price-fixing behavior by buyers\u27, rather than sellers\u27 cartels - implicates the Sherman Act. Restraints on competition for players\u27 services are thus not exempt from the antitrust laws. As the author notes, restraints of trade imposed by sports leagues are subject to antitrust scrutiny under a rule of reason: under the standard set forth in NCAA v. Board of Regents, such restraints are permissible where reasonably tailored to promote competitive balance.
Professor Ross then applies the NCAA standard to blanket restraints imposed by sports leagues. He first demonstrates that the waiver rule employed by some leagues is tailored to promote league competition, because it allows inferior teams with large payrolls to rapidly improve in the standings by acquiring superior players. To counter the owners\u27 arguments that restraints such as salary caps are necessary to maintain league competition, Professor Ross relies on empirical evidence of the effect of these restraints on competitive balance and demonstrates that, in addition to not promoting competition, blanket restraints affirmatively harm competitive balance. Salary caps, the author argues, not only transfer wealth from players to owners, but facilitate bland, uninteresting seasons in which the same teams have consistently good or bad win-loss records.
The article includes a discussion of less restrictive means of promoting competitive balance, including revenue sharing and progressive salary caps, which might pass antitrust muster. Professor Ross concludes that free competition in the player market protects the interests of both fans and players, such that an alliance of consumers and players might be an effective way to combat the threat to baseball which blanket restraints may pose in the future
The Misunderstood Alliance between Sports Fans, Players, and the Antitrust Laws
No full textThe baseball strike and the ongoing hostilities between the players\u27 association and owners have evoked criticism and frustration among fans and others. Although the players successfully defeated the owners\u27 most recent attempts to reduce major league competition, the threat of future imposition of competitive restraints by the owners remains. In this article Professor Stephen F. Ross argues that blanket restraints on the market for players affirmatively inhibit on-the-field competition and consequently offend the Sherman Act.
The article begins with the proposition that monopsony - price-fixing behavior by buyers\u27, rather than sellers\u27 cartels - implicates the Sherman Act. Restraints on competition for players\u27 services are thus not exempt from the antitrust laws. As the author notes, restraints of trade imposed by sports leagues are subject to antitrust scrutiny under a rule of reason: under the standard set forth in NCAA v. Board of Regents, such restraints are permissible where reasonably tailored to promote competitive balance.
Professor Ross then applies the NCAA standard to blanket restraints imposed by sports leagues. He first demonstrates that the waiver rule employed by some leagues is tailored to promote league competition, because it allows inferior teams with large payrolls to rapidly improve in the standings by acquiring superior players. To counter the owners\u27 arguments that restraints such as salary caps are necessary to maintain league competition, Professor Ross relies on empirical evidence of the effect of these restraints on competitive balance and demonstrates that, in addition to not promoting competition, blanket restraints affirmatively harm competitive balance. Salary caps, the author argues, not only transfer wealth from players to owners, but facilitate bland, uninteresting seasons in which the same teams have consistently good or bad win-loss records.
The article includes a discussion of less restrictive means of promoting competitive balance, including revenue sharing and progressive salary caps, which might pass antitrust muster. Professor Ross concludes that free competition in the player market protects the interests of both fans and players, such that an alliance of consumers and players might be an effective way to combat the threat to baseball which blanket restraints may pose in the future
The Misunderstood Alliance between Sports Fans, Players, and the Antitrust Laws
No full textThe baseball strike and the ongoing hostilities between the players\u27 association and owners have evoked criticism and frustration among fans and others. Although the players successfully defeated the owners\u27 most recent attempts to reduce major league competition, the threat of future imposition of competitive restraints by the owners remains. In this article Professor Stephen F. Ross argues that blanket restraints on the market for players affirmatively inhibit on-the-field competition and consequently offend the Sherman Act.
The article begins with the proposition that monopsony - price-fixing behavior by buyers\u27, rather than sellers\u27 cartels - implicates the Sherman Act. Restraints on competition for players\u27 services are thus not exempt from the antitrust laws. As the author notes, restraints of trade imposed by sports leagues are subject to antitrust scrutiny under a rule of reason: under the standard set forth in NCAA v. Board of Regents, such restraints are permissible where reasonably tailored to promote competitive balance.
Professor Ross then applies the NCAA standard to blanket restraints imposed by sports leagues. He first demonstrates that the waiver rule employed by some leagues is tailored to promote league competition, because it allows inferior teams with large payrolls to rapidly improve in the standings by acquiring superior players. To counter the owners\u27 arguments that restraints such as salary caps are necessary to maintain league competition, Professor Ross relies on empirical evidence of the effect of these restraints on competitive balance and demonstrates that, in addition to not promoting competition, blanket restraints affirmatively harm competitive balance. Salary caps, the author argues, not only transfer wealth from players to owners, but facilitate bland, uninteresting seasons in which the same teams have consistently good or bad win-loss records.
The article includes a discussion of less restrictive means of promoting competitive balance, including revenue sharing and progressive salary caps, which might pass antitrust muster. Professor Ross concludes that free competition in the player market protects the interests of both fans and players, such that an alliance of consumers and players might be an effective way to combat the threat to baseball which blanket restraints may pose in the future
Recovery theorem: expounded and applied
No full textIncludes bibliographical references.This dissertation is concerned with Ross' (2011) Recovery Theorem. It is generally held that a forward-looking probability distribution is unobtainable from derivative prices, because the market's risk-preferences are conceptually inextricable from the implied real-world distribution. Ross' result recovers this distribution without making the strong preference assumptions assumed necessary under the conventional paradigm. This dissertation aims to give the reader a thorough understanding of Ross Recovery, both from a theoretical and practical point of view. This starts with a formal delineation of the model and proof of the central result, motivated by the informal nature of Ross' working paper. This dissertation relaxes one of Ross' assumptions and arrives at the equivalent conclusion. This is followed by a critique of the model and assumptions. An a priori discussion only goes so far, but potentially problematic assumptions are identified, chief amongst which being time additive preferences of a representative agent. Attention is then turned to practical application of the theorem. The author identifies a number of obstacles to applying the result { some of which are somewhat atypical and have not been directly addressed in the literature { and suggests potential solutions. A salient obstacle is calibrating a state price matrix. This leads to an implementation of Ross Recovery on the FTSE/JSE Top40. The suggested approach is found to be workable, though certainly not the final word on the matter. A testing framework for the model is discussed and the dissertation is concluded with a consideration of the findings and the theorem's applicability
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