96 research outputs found
Reading bodies : physiognomy as a strategy of persuasion in early Christian discourse /
No full textCallie Callon investigates how some early Christian authors utilized physiognomic thought as rhetorical strategy, particularly with respect to persuasion. Callon shows how this encompassed denigrating theological opponents and forging group boundardies (invective against heretics or defence of Christians), self-representation to demonstrate the moral superiority of early Christians to Greco-Roman outsiders, and the cultivation of collective self-identity. The work begins with an overview of how physiognomy was used in broader antiquity as a component of persuasion. Callon then examins how physiognomic thought was employed by early Christians and how physiognomic tropes were employed to "prove" their orthodoxy and moral superiority. Building on the conclusions of the earlier chapters, Callon then focuses on the representation of the physiognomies of early Christian martyrs, before addressing the problem of the acceptance or even promotion of the idea of a physically lacklustre Jesus by the same authors who otherwise utilize traditional physiognomic thought.Revision of author's thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Toronto (Canada), 2015 under title: Physiognomy as a strategy of persuasion in early Christian discourse.Includes bibliographical references (pages 159-168) and indexes.Introduction -- Overview of ancient physiognomy and the state of the question -- The physiognomy of a heretic: physiognomic polemic as a component of persuasion in demarcating "insiders" and "outsiders" -- The physiognomy of the (ideal) early Christian -- The physiognomy of a martyr -- "He had neither form nor beauty": the physiognomic curiosity of the negative descriptions of the physical appearance of Jesus -- Conclusions.Callie Callon investigates how some early Christian authors utilized physiognomic thought as rhetorical strategy, particularly with respect to persuasion. Callon shows how this encompassed denigrating theological opponents and forging group boundardies (invective against heretics or defence of Christians), self-representation to demonstrate the moral superiority of early Christians to Greco-Roman outsiders, and the cultivation of collective self-identity. The work begins with an overview of how physiognomy was used in broader antiquity as a component of persuasion. Callon then examins how physiognomic thought was employed by early Christians and how physiognomic tropes were employed to "prove" their orthodoxy and moral superiority. Building on the conclusions of the earlier chapters, Callon then focuses on the representation of the physiognomies of early Christian martyrs, before addressing the problem of the acceptance or even promotion of the idea of a physically lacklustre Jesus by the same authors who otherwise utilize traditional physiognomic thought
Physiognomy as a Strategy of Persuasion in Early Christian Discourse
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Ancient physiognomic thought held that the body and soul were intrinsically related, and that observation of a subject's physical appearance provided insight into his or her character. Beyond being a diagnostic tool, however, physiognomy was also used as a strategy of persuasion to bolster or malign an individual's character to an author or speaker's audience, and appears in a host of different ancient genres. However, with a few notable exceptions, the important role that physiognomic thought played in early Christian texts and discourse has not received the scholarly attention it warrants. The following addresses some of the different ways in which physiognomy was employed as a form of rhetoric by early Christians. It was utilized as a means of undermining or discrediting theological opponents or "heretics" on the one hand, but as a strategy for positive self-representation among their own detractors on the other. Some early Christians also used physiognomy to reinforce their understanding of Paul as a philosopher: the description of Paul's physical appearance in the Acts of Paul and Thecla is best understood as designed to evoke the image of the prototypical ancient philosopher in general, and Socrates in particular. Here the importance placed on "looking the part" of a given type of person in antiquity underlies this presentation. Related to this, this dissertation also addresses the phenomenon that arises when the opposite is the case, namely the conception of Jesus as being physically unattractive based on a literal interpretation of the suffering servant imagery in Isaiah. This dissertation demonstrates that physiognomic thought held important persuasive traction for early Christian authors negotiating boundaries and ideologies of group self-identity.Ph.D
Physiognomy as a Strategy of Persuasion in Early Christian Discourse
No full textAbstract
Ancient physiognomic thought held that the body and soul were intrinsically related, and that observation of a subject's physical appearance provided insight into his or her character. Beyond being a diagnostic tool, however, physiognomy was also used as a strategy of persuasion to bolster or malign an individual's character to an author or speaker's audience, and appears in a host of different ancient genres. However, with a few notable exceptions, the important role that physiognomic thought played in early Christian texts and discourse has not received the scholarly attention it warrants. The following addresses some of the different ways in which physiognomy was employed as a form of rhetoric by early Christians. It was utilized as a means of undermining or discrediting theological opponents or "heretics" on the one hand, but as a strategy for positive self-representation among their own detractors on the other. Some early Christians also used physiognomy to reinforce their understanding of Paul as a philosopher: the description of Paul's physical appearance in the Acts of Paul and Thecla is best understood as designed to evoke the image of the prototypical ancient philosopher in general, and Socrates in particular. Here the importance placed on "looking the part" of a given type of person in antiquity underlies this presentation. Related to this, this dissertation also addresses the phenomenon that arises when the opposite is the case, namely the conception of Jesus as being physically unattractive based on a literal interpretation of the suffering servant imagery in Isaiah. This dissertation demonstrates that physiognomic thought held important persuasive traction for early Christian authors negotiating boundaries and ideologies of group self-identity.Ph.D
Afterword: Pushing the Boundaries of Biblical Interpretation
No full textThis afterword draws several conclusions about the implications of the essays in this special issue individually as well as discusses the merits of utilizing an interdisciplinary method more generally. The first encourages critical biblical scholarship to engage classical studies in light of the shared geographical, temporal, and cultural context of their ancient subjects. The second proposes that biblical studies embrace a fuller range of evidence by removing the unfortunate interpretative divide often separating “canonical,” “patristic,” and “apocryphal” material into different disciplinary fields.
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Social and Economic Life in Second Temple Judea By Samuel L. Adams. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2014. Pp. xiii + 231; plates, map. Paper, $35.00.
No full textStruggles and negotiations to define what is problematic and what is not
Get PDFFil: Callon, Michel. École des Mines de Paris; Francia.Este artículo analiza los modos en los que se establece un problema de investigación. Lejos de la división entre lo social y lo cognitivo, este trabajo apunta a comprender las luchas y negociaciones que se producen a cada momento en la definición de aquello que se considera un objeto legítimo de investigación y aquello que no.
Se elige como ejemplo el análisis de las situaciones problemáticas que llevaron a la construcción de la celda de combustible como un tema de investigación financiable por una serie de instituciones francesas. Para ello se tomaron en cuenta por igual tanto las disputas entre investigadores, como las diferentes definiciones técnicas sobre el objeto, los problemas que fueron tenidos en cuenta y aquellos que se excluyeron. De esta forma, el autor busca demostrar cómo toda investigación científica constituye desde el principio un complejo juego de negociaciones, alianzas y resistencias que implican traducciones y redefiniciones parciales o totales del contenido de la investigación.This article analyses the ways in which a research problem is established. Far from the division between the social and the cognitive, this works points to understand the struggles and negotiations produced at every moment in the definition of what is regarded as a legitimate object of research and what is not.
In order to show this point it was chosen as example the analysis of those problematic situations that lead to build up the fuel cell as a financiable research topic by some French institutions.
To do so, the disputes among researchers as the different technical definitions over the research object, the problems that were included and those that were excluded, were all equally considered.
In this way, the author tries to demonstrate how every research work constitutes, from the beginning, a complex play of negotiations, alliances and resistances that imply translations and partial or total re-definitions of the content of research
Society in the making: The study of technology as a tool for sociological analysis
No full textMetadata only recordThe author stresses that sociological, technoscientific, and economic analyses are interwoven in a web, leading to the new interpretation of the dynamics of technology. Actor networks help to develop the linkages between heterogenous elements. An actor network promoting technology can continuously redefine itself into something else with the actors including elements of sociology and engineering as in the case example of the VEL in Europe in the 1980's
The building process as a chain of displacements - Following a construction project from strategic planning through an architectural competition to the building permit
No full textWhile research on architectural competitions can be considered a well-established field nowadays, research on the transition between the competition procedure and the subsequent project phase remains fragmentary. The paper at hand aims at addressing this gap. Standing in the tradition of actor-network theory (Callon 1986; Law and John 2004; Latour 2005) the paper is attentive to the various displacements that shape a construction project from strategic planning and preliminary studies to the end of the competition procedure and then through the subsequent project phase. In this way, the paper embeds the architectural competition into the building process and elaborates a perspective on the latter as a set of intertwining procedures that constantly assess and re-define the construction projec
Struggles and negotiations to define what is problematic and what is not
No full textEste artículo analiza los modos en los que se establece un problema de investigación. Lejos de la división entre lo social y lo cognitivo, este trabajo apunta a comprender las luchas y negociaciones que se producen a cada momento en la definición de aquello que se considera un objeto legítimo de investigación y aquello que no.
Se elige como ejemplo el análisis de las situaciones problemáticas que llevaron a la construcción de la celda de combustible como un tema de investigación financiable por una serie de instituciones francesas. Para ello se tomaron en cuenta por igual tanto las disputas entre investigadores, como las diferentes definiciones técnicas sobre el objeto, los problemas que fueron tenidos en cuenta y aquellos que se excluyeron. De esta forma, el autor busca demostrar cómo toda investigación científica constituye desde el principio un complejo juego de negociaciones, alianzas y resistencias que implican traducciones y redefiniciones parciales o totales del contenido de la investigación.This article analyses the ways in which a research problem is established. Far from the division between the social and the cognitive, this works points to understand the struggles and negotiations produced at every moment in the definition of what is regarded as a legitimate object of research and what is not.
In order to show this point it was chosen as example the analysis of those problematic situations that lead to build up the fuel cell as a financiable research topic by some French institutions.
To do so, the disputes among researchers as the different technical definitions over the research object, the problems that were included and those that were excluded, were all equally considered.
In this way, the author tries to demonstrate how every research work constitutes, from the beginning, a complex play of negotiations, alliances and resistances that imply translations and partial or total re-definitions of the content of research
Power Struggle in the Food Chain? Lessons from Empirical Studies on Power Influences in Chains and Marketing Channels
Get PDFPower plays a key role in any chain relationship. In the past large manufacturers such as Unilever and Nestle were the most dominant players in the chain. However, as a result of consolidation among retailers, power has shifted towards retailers. Nowadays such retailers as Wal-Mart, Carrefour, and Tesco are seen as powerful gatekeepers controlling the access to the end consumer. Moreover, branded manufacturers and large multinational retailers become increasingly dependent on fewer and larger suppliers who can deliver high quality products at competitive prices. Since many decades there is discussion going on about the role of power in chains and marketing channels. In order to understand how power and its interactions with other constructs in the chain can be used beneficially for management of the whole chain, it is of great importance to investigate the influences and effects of power. Some of the phenomena which are said to be influenced by power include performance, satisfaction, commitment, relationship quality, conflict, compliance, problem solving, chain integration and collaboration. In this context, the aim of our work is to analyze and systemize existing empirical studies, which measure the influences of power on other phenomena, and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of existing conceptualizations of power, in order to add clarity to the existing turmoil in the literature and contribute to the understanding of the role of power in chains and marketing channels for managerial purposes.Power, Power Conceptualization, Supply Chain, Supply Chain Network, Marketing,
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