183,077 research outputs found
Pabstiella pseudotrifida L. Kollmann & D. R. Couto (Orchidaceae), a new species from Espírito Santo, Brazil
No full textKollmann, Ludovic Jean Charles, Couto, Dayvid Rodrigues (2014): Pabstiella pseudotrifida L. Kollmann & D. R. Couto (Orchidaceae), a new species from Espírito Santo, Brazil. Candollea 69 (1): 21-24, DOI: 10.15553/c2014v691a
Letter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer, Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, October 2, 1942
No full textLetter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer at The Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, regarding property owned by Dave Tatsuno. Zellick mentions a dispute between current tenants and Tatsuno, and that Tatsuno has asked Goodman to help locate trustworthy tenants.Personal correspondence, organizational records, government documents, publications, and other papers created or collected by Joseph R. Goodman documenting the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, as well as organized resistance to incarceration. Included in the collection are records of the Japanese Young Men's Christian Association and the Japanese American Citizens' League in San Francisco, including papers of the Japanese YMCA's executive secretary Lincoln Kanai; Sakai family papers; Goodman's correspondence to and from Japanese American incarcerees, organizations opposing forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans, the War Relocation Authority, and others; publications, photographs, and ephemera from the Topaz Relocation Center, where Goodman taught high school; War Relocation Authority records and publications; and newspaper clippings, pamphlets, and reports about forced removal and incarceration created by various government, religious, and civic organizations, in California and nationwide
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Stigmatodon viridibracteatus D. R. Couto, Fraga & Leme 2022, sp. nov.
No full textStigmatodon viridibracteatus D.R. Couto, Fraga & Leme, sp. nov. (Figs. 6 A–G) Diagnosis: ___ This new species differs from S. euclidianus, its closest morphological relative, by the smaller size when in bloom (55–62 cm vs. 60–80 cm tall), leaf blades smaller (19–23.5 × 3–4 cm vs. 25–33 × 5–6 cm), and by suborbicular floral bracts (vs. broadly ovate), with obtuse apex (vs. acuminate to acute), shorter and broader (24.5–29 × 36–40 mm vs. 30–35 × 25–30 mm), smooth to inconspicuously corrugate-sulcate near the apex at anthesis (vs. strongly corrugate-sulcate at anthesis), green at anthesis (vs. greenish toward the base only before anthesis, stramineous toward the apex). Type: — BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: Barra de S „o Francisco, inselberg between Vila Paulista and Santa Teresinha, epilithic on vertical rock wall, forming a large population, 250 m elevation, 18° 35’ 35” S, 40° 48’ 16” W, 17 October 2019, D. R . Couto 4829, P. M. Gonela, T. Condez & C. N. Fraga (holotype MBML!). Description:— Plants rupicolous, flowering 55–62 cm tall. Leaves 20–25 in number, rosulate, thick coriaceous, forming a funnelform rosette; sheath elliptic, 10–13 × 7–8.5 cm, densely and minutely castaneous lepidote on both sides; blade narrowly triangular, apex acuminate-caudate, recurved, canaliculate toward the base, flat toward the apex, suberect, 19–23.5 cm long, 3–4 cm wide at the base, completely covered on both sides with a dense layer of whitecinereous trichomes obscuring the color of the blades, margins truncate, 1–1.5 mm thick. Peduncle arching, 40–45 cm long, 0.6–0.7 cm in diameter, green, glabrous, smooth at anthesis, sulcate when dry; peduncle bracts the basal ones subfoliaceous, the upper ones ovate, apex acute and apiculate, 2.5–4 × 2.5–2.7 cm, erect, almost completely hiding the peduncle, distinctly exceeding the internodes, densely and coarsely white lepidote toward the apex, green near the base and cinereous toward the apex, strongly sulcate at anthesis. Inflorescence simple, suberect, 13–14 cm long, apex obtuse at anthesis, 9–18 flowered; main axis smooth at anthesis, sulcate when dry, green, glabrous, internodes 8–9 × 5–7 mm; floral bracts suborbicular, apex obtuse, 24.5–29 × 36–40 mm, distinctly shorter than the sepals, densely and inconspicuously white lepidote adaxially, sparsely and inconspicuously white lepidote to glabrous abaxially except the apex being sometimes subdensely white lepidote, ecarinate but bearing a broadly obtuse keel near the apex, slightly secund with the flowers at anthesis, coriaceous, smooth to inconspicuously corrugate-sulcate near the apex at anthesis, distinctly corrugate-sulcate when dry, green. Flowers 45–50 mm long, nocturnal, with a fruit-like fragrance and producing translucent mucilage, distichous, subdensely disposed and distinctly secund at anthesis; pedicel 6.5–8 mm long, 8–9.6 mm in diameter at the distal end, stout, green, glabrous; sepals elliptic, apex obtuse, 25–30 × 17–20 mm, green, glabrous abaxially, densely and inconspicuously lepidote adaxially, thick and coriaceous near the base, margins membranaceous; petals obovate, rounded and apex emarginate, recurved near the apex at anthesis, 34–36 × 14–20 mm, greenish-white, thicker toward the base, bearing 2 appendages at the base; appendages 9–11 × 3–4 mm, spathulate, basally adnate to the petals for 3.5–6.5 mm, apex irregularly dentate to acute; corolla campanulate, 25–30 mm in diameter; filaments free, complanate, 16.5–22.5 × 1.3–2.2 mm, white; anthers 7–8.5 mm long, dorsifixed near the base, base bilobed, apex obtuse, arranged three on each lateral side of the corolla at anthesis; stigma tubo-laciniate type I, margins denticulate, 1.5–2 mm in diameter, greenish; ovules caudate. Capsules unknown. Etymology: ___ The name of this new species is a reference to the green color of its floral bracts, which distinguishes it from other cinereous-leafed species of Stigmatodon. Additional specimen examined (paratypes): ___ BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: Barra de S „ o Francisco, inselberg between Vila Paulista and Santa Teresinha, epilithic on vertical rock wall, forming large population, 250 m elevation, 18° 35’ 35” S, 40° 48’ 16” W, 17 October 2019, D. R . Couto 4826, P. M. Gonela, T. Condez & C. N. Fraga (R!); ibidem, D. R . Couto 4831, P. M. Gonela, T. Condez & C. N. Fraga (RB!). Distribution and habitat:— Stigmatodon viridibracteatus is epilithic, found on vertical granitic slopes of inselbergs located in the county of Barra de S„o Francisco, Espírito Santo state, near the border with Minas Gerais. At the type locality, these plants grow on the north face of the cliff, where they form large and dense populations, along with sparse individuals of Encholirium horridum Smith (1940: 32) and the Cactaceae Coleocephalocereus fluminensis (Miquel) Backeberg (1941: 53). Preliminary conservation status: ___ Vulnerable [VU: D2]. Stigmatodon viridibracteatus is only known from its type locality, a lowland inselberg in the Atlantic Forest from northwest of Espírito Santo. It has an AOO of 4 km 2, an undefined EOO, and is not found in any conservation unit. Its small population is unprotected and prone to the effects of stochastic events in the near future. Thus, it seems prudent to include this new species in the Vulnerable category [VU: D2]. However, further field survey may change the conservation status of S. viridibracteatus, since there is an important sampling gap in the northwestern region of Espírito Santo, mainly comprising the locally abundant but difficult-to-access inselbergs. Observations: ___ Stigmatodon viridibracteatus is morphologically closely related to S. euclidianus (Leme & Brown, 2010: 57) Leme, G.K. Brown & Barfuss (Barfuss et al. 2016: 57), but differs from it mainly by the smaller size when in bloom (55–62 cm vs. 60–80 cm tall), inflorescence shorter (13–14 cm vs. 20–25 cm long), and by the suborbicular floral bracts (vs. broadly ovate), apex obtuse (vs. acuminate to acute), shorter and broader (24.5–29 × 36–40 mm vs. 30–35 × 25–30 mm), smooth to inconspicuously corrugate-sulcate near the apex at anthesis (vs. strongly corrugate-sulcate at anthesis), green (vs. greenish toward the base only before anthesis, lightly castaneous-stramineous toward the apex at anthesis). On the other hand, it can be also confused with S. magnibracteaus (Leme & Kollmann, 2014: 94) Leme, G.K. Brown & Barfuss (Barfuss et al. 2016: 57), but can be distinguished by its higher number of leaves (20–25 vs. ca. 18 in number), longer peduncle (40–45 cm vs. 20–32 cm), with ovate peduncle bracts and attenuate then apiculate apex (vs. ovate-lanceolate, and acuminate to caudate apex), floral bracts shorter (24.5–29 mm vs. 34–47 mm long), distinctly shorter than the sepals (vs. equaling to exceeding the sepals), broadly ovate with obtuse apex (vs. ovate, acute apex), smooth at anthesis (vs. strongly corrugate-sulcate at anthesis), and green (vs. dark reddish-castaneous near the base mainly at the beginning of the anthesis to stramineous toward the apex), flowers with a fruit-like fragrance and producing translucent mucilage (vs. with a garlic odor and without any mucilage), sepals broader (17–20 mm vs. 12–15 mm wide), green (vs. yellowish-green), smaller petals (34–36 × 14–20 mm vs. ca. 40 × 22 mm), and shorter filaments (16.5–22.5 mm vs. 27 mm long).Published as part of Leme, Elton M. C., Couto, Dayvid R., Kollmann, Ludovic J. C. & Fraga, Claudio Nicoletti De, 2022, Novelties in Stigmatodon (Bromeliaceae, Tillandsioideae), a genus endemic to Brazil: three new species, one new combination, and two new stigma types, pp. 233-249 in Phytotaxa 576 (3) on pages 243-245, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.576.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/747160
Pabstiella pseudotrifida L. Kollmann & D. R. Couto 2014, spec. nova
No full textPabstiella pseudotrifida L. Kollmann & D. R. Couto, spec. nova (Fig. 1). Typus: BRAZIL. Edo Espírito Santo: Mimoso do Sul, Santa Luzia, ca., 7.I.2005, fl., D. R. Couto 229 (holo-: MBML). Pabstiella pseudotrifida is very similar to P. trifida, but can be distinguished by the subtruncate to truncate petals, and the smooth lip which is free of callosities and truncate to rounded at apex. Plant epiphytic, 2-4 cm tall, caespitose, erect. Roots whitish, terete, flexuose, glabrous. Ramicauls 5.5-7 mm long., green, cylindrical, enclosed by tubular, acute, pale green sheaths that are paleaceous and whitish when dried. Leaves 16-28 X 3-3.5 mm, 0.8-1.6 mm thick, green, linear-elliptic, the base subpetiolate, the apex minutely 3-dentate, Inflorescence a congested, successively several-flowered raceme, 1.2-1.7 cm long, shorter than the leaves. Floral bracts ca. 1.5 mm long, translucent, pale green, tubular, acute. Flowers resupinate, glabrous. Pedicels 1.5-2 mm long. Ovary 1-1.2 mm long. Sepals yellow, translucent, with orange margins, 3-veined, carinate abaxially, the dorsal sepal 5-5.5 X 1.9-2 mm, oblong-elliptic, obtuse, the laterals sepal 4-4.1 X 1.4-1.5 mm, connate to above the middle into a oblong synsepal with acute apices, forming a small mentum below the tip of the column-foot. Petals 2.6-3.3 X 1.2-1.4 mm, spathulate, curved, 3-veined, translucent yellow with orange veins, slightly carinate abaxially, subtruncate to truncate. Lip 2.5-2.6 X 0.91 mm, orange, slightly purplish-lilac at base, green at the attachment with the column-foot, 3-lobed, unguiculate, 3-veined, the midvein longer than the laterals, smooth, free of callosities, the lateral lobes more or less below the middle, erect, broadly rounded, the apical lobe truncate to rounded. Column ca. 2.5 mm long, greenish, winged above the middle, white and 3-dentate at apex, the teeth straight and acute; column-foot 1.3-1.8 mm long with two callosities at base the apex papillose. Anther ca. 0.7 mm long, yellowishwhite; pollinia two, yellow. Capsule unknown. Etymology. – The specific epithet refers to its similarity to P. trifida (Lindl.) Luer. Habitat, distribution. – This species is apparently endemic to the Atlantic forest of southern Espírito Santo, growing as an epiphyte in dense rainforest remnants, from 800 to 1600 m altitude. It is partially protected in the mountain forests of the Caparaó National Park (Fig. 2). Conservation status. – Due to the apparently endemic distribution of P. pseudotrifida, and on the basis of the extension of its occurrence in the State of Espírito Santo, which is estimated to be less than 500 km 2, it seems appropriate to include this new species in the “Endangered” (EN) category (B2a(iii)), according to the IUCN (2001). Taxonomical notes. – Pabstiella pseudotrifida is most similar to P. trifida, from which it may be distinguished by its petal and lip morphology. In P. pseudotrifida the petals are subtruncate or truncate, and the lip is smooth, free of callosities, truncate or rounded at apex, with side lobes above the middle. In P. trifida, the petals are obtuse or acute, the lip is papillose or verrucose, the side lobes are near or below the middle, and the disc is shallowly channelled between a pair of verrucose, intramural calli. Paratypi. – BRAZIL. Edo Espírito Santo: Divino de São Lourenço, Patrimônio da Penha, Dense Ombrofilous Forest, border of Caparaó Nacional Park, ca. 1100 m, 20.III.2009, fl., D. R. Couto 1433 (VIES); Ibitirama, Caparaó Nacional Park, Rio Santa Marta valley, ca. 1600 m, Altimontane Dense Ombrophilous Forest, 22.I.2013, fl., H. M. Dias, A. E. Silva & al. 827 (VIES); Castelo, Forno Grande, 1000 m, 10.V.2006, fl., A. Gussão s.n.; s.loc., fl. cult. 21.VII.2008, L. Kollmann & al. 11495, (MBML).Published as part of Kollmann, Ludovic Jean Charles & Couto, Dayvid Rodrigues, 2014, Pabstiella pseudotrifida L. Kollmann & D. R. Couto (Orchidaceae), a new species from Espírito Santo, Brazil, pp. 21-24 in Candollea 69 (1) on pages 22-24, DOI: 10.15553/c2014v691a3, http://zenodo.org/record/571397
Stigmatodon enigmaticus D. R. Couto, Gonella & A. F. Costa 2023, sp. nov.
No full textStigmatodon enigmaticus D.R. Couto, Gonella & A.F. Costa, sp. nov. (Figures 1–2) Stigmatodon enigmaticus differs from S. vexatus by the more numerous leaves (15–25 vs. 10–12 in number), distinctly smaller leaf blade (6–8.5 × 1.5–2.3 cm vs. 13–14 × 2.8–3.7 cm), with acuminate apex (vs. caudate), floral bracts red (vs. green), flowers with diurnal anthesis (vs. nocturnal), greenish-yellow sepals (vs. green), yellow petals (vs. greenish-yellow), and stamens and stigma exceeding the corolla (vs. shorter than the corolla). Type: — BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Conselheiro Pena, Serra do Padre Ângelo, Serra do Pinh „o, campo rupestre, 1,300 m elevation, 2 May 2021 (flowered in cultivation in November 2021), P . M. Gonella 2965, D. P. Cordeiro, G. A. da Silva, P. R. Bartholomay, J. C. Ribeiro & L. Medeiros (holotype MBML!). Description: — Plant rupicolous, heliophytic, 21–35.5 cm tall when flowering, propagating by basal axillary shoots. Leaves 15–25, forming a utriculiform rosette; sheath ovate to elliptic, 6–8.5 × 4–5.5 cm, purplish to purplishgreen distally, castaneous at the base, densely lepidote on both sides, chartaceous; blade narrowly triangular, 6–8.5 cm long, 1.5–2.3 cm wide at the base, green to dark reddish, densely lepidote on both sides, forming white crossbands on adaxial surface, suberect to spreading-recurved, revolute along the margins (under water stress), apex acuminate. Peduncle suberect or curved at the base, (16-) 23–30 cm long, 1.2–1.8 mm in diameter, green, glabrous; peduncle bracts erect, exceeding the internodes, imbricate, elliptic, apex rounded then acuminate to caudate, 1.7–3 × 1.4 cm, the lower ones subfoliaceous, green, the upper ones red, lepidote on both sides, more sparsely lepidote near the margins, densely white lepidote near the apex. Inflorescence simple, 4–12 cm long, suberect, with apical sterile bracts, 3–7 flowered; main axis slightly geniculate, 2.8–3 mm in diameter, green, glabrous, internodes 5–9(-16) mm; floral bracts suborbicular, apex broadly obtuse, 1.7–2.2 × 1.0– 1.7 cm, ecarinate, secund with the flowers at anthesis, red, exceeded by the sepals, densely lepidote abaxially, adaxially glabrous, coriaceous. Flowers distichous, secund at anthesis, diurnal, 4.0– 5.5 cm long; pedicel green, 4.5–7.2 mm long; sepals elliptic, apex obtuse, 20–23 × 10–11 mm, greenishyellow, ecarinate, glabrous, coriaceous, free; petals linear-oblong, 3.0–3.5 × 0.5–0.8 cm, apex rounded to emarginate, suberect with spreading apex, yellow, glabrous, connate at the base to 0.9–1.5 mm, forming a prevailing tubular corolla; petal appendages 6–7.6 × 2–2.5 mm, spatulate, apex rounded, distally free for 2.5–3.2 mm; stamens exserted for 2–3.8 mm; anthers oblong in outline, 4–5 mm long, obtuse, dorsifixed near the base; filaments complanate, 25–31 mm long, pale yellow, adnate to the petals for 4.3–5 mm; ovary superior, 4.2–5.4 mm long; style 30–35 mm long; stigma convolute blade type (the vriseoid type II), exceeding the corolla for 8–9 mm, green, ca. 1.4 mm in diameter. Capsules unknown. Phenology: —Colected with flowers in October (in situ), and in November and December (in cultivation). Distribution and ecology: — Stigmatodon enigmaticus is a lithophyte on quartzitic rocky outcrops (Fig. 1C) within the Atlantic Forest, in the municipality of Conselheiro Pena, eastern Minas Gerais state, Brazil. So far, the species is only known from the type locality at Serra do Pinh„o (above 1,250 m elevation), part of Serra do Padre Ângelo (Fig. 1A). At the type locality, the species forms a small and sparse population, exposed to full sunlight, growing in crevices or fissures, or directly on bare rock, usually on horizontal or inclined quartzitic rocky outcrops (Fig. 1), surrounded by herbaceous and shrubby vegetation (Fig. 1B, C). The floral characteristics of this species, i.e., floral bracts red, flowers with diurnal anthesis, yellow petals, and stamens and stigma exceeding the corolla (Fig. 1F–H), allows us to suggest that it is possibly pollinated by hummingbirds (Neves et al. 2020), an unusual characteristic for the genus Stigmatodon (its species have nocturnal flowers and bat-pollination). This observation raises new and promising perspectives for evolutionary, morphological, and taxonomic studies in Stigmatodon. Preliminary conservation status: —Critically Endangered (CR): B2ab(iii). Stigmatodon enigmaticus is a microendemic species with an Area of Occupancy (AOO) of 4 km ², found only in Serra do Pinh„o (Fig. 1 A–B). While the rock outcrop where it is found is relatively protected from fires by the irregular topography, the surroundings have been severely transformed in the past decades, from the original matrix of Semideciduous Seasonal Forest to pastures for cattle farming. Fires for pasture renovation are regular in the area, as is the active conversion of the few remnants of secondary forest into pastures, with the use of fire, one of such observed during one of the expeditions to the area in October 2022. Similar criminal fires resulted in a wildfire of great proportions that affected the neighboring Pico do Padre Ângelo in September 2020, affecting many of its endemics (Andrino & Gonella 2021, Kollmann & Gonella 2021, Gonella et al. 2022). The frequent fires in the area facilitated the invasion of the rocky outcrops by alien grass species, such as Melinis minutiflora Beauvois (1812: 54), which can be found on the rocky outcrop that S. enigmaticus inhabits. The area where the species is found is not protected by any sort of Protected Area but should be recognized as a priority for conservation given the exceptional biodiversity and the relevance of the ecosystem services provided by the mountainous relief and native vegetation of Serra do Padre Ângelo, such as water cycle, climate balance, and pollinators, among others. Finally, less than 20 mature individuals could be located in the area, suggesting that the population is relatively small, as is common with microendemic species from the Campos Rupestres (Conceiç„o et al. 2007). Given the aforementioned characteristics and threats, we have preliminarily assessed S. enigmaticus as Critically Endangered based on the categories and criteria of IUCN (2012). Etymology: — This new species was discovered in May 2021, when only sterile specimens were observed, and its vegetative characteristics pointed to Stigmatodon. However, when in flower, its red bracts and yellow sepals and petals, common in Vriesea and so far not reported for Stigmatodon, raised the question of its generic placement. This puzzling combination inspired the epithet, from the Greek aenigma meaning “riddle”, or “enigma”. Additional specimens examined (paratypes): ___ BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Conselheiro Pena, Serra do Padre Ângelo, Serra do Sossego, campo rupestre, 1,250 m elevation, 15 October 2022, (fl.), D. R . Couto 6625, P. M. Gonella, L. Medeiros, D. Cordeiro & L. Magalhães (R!); ibidem, 1,350 m elevation, 13 May 2022, P . M. Gonella 3521, E. P. Fernandez, G. Crispin, G. A. Queiroz & J. C. Ribeiro (MBML!). Discussion: — Stigmatodon enigmaticus, resembles the small rupicolous species of “ Stigmatodon limae group” (Fig. 1 C), from which it is easily distinguished by its red floral bracts, as well as by the yellow and linear-oblong petals, and the exserted stamens and stigma. Among the species of the S. limae group, this new species is morphologically most similar to S. vexatus, which is endemic to the Pico da Aliança, an emblematic quartzitic mountain distant about 20 km from the type locality of S. enigmaticus, in the neigboring municipality of Alvarenga. Stigmatodon enigmaticus can be distinguished from S. vexatus by its ovate to elliptic leaf sheaths (vs. broadly ovate), which are purplish to purplish-green toward the apex and castaneous at the base (vs. vinaceous brown adaxially), leaf blade with revolute margins (under water stress vs. flat to involute), peduncle longer (up to 30 cm vs. up to 13 cm), larger flowers (4.0– 5.5 cm vs. ca. 3.2 cm), and obovate to elliptic sepals (vs. oblong-elliptic; data on S. vexatus from Leme 2016). For the Stigmatodon limae group, three stigma types have been recognized recently (see Leme et al. 2022a), which are relevant to the Stigmatodon taxonomy: tubo-laciniate type II, observed in S. rosulatulus (Leme 2012: 10) Leme, G.K. Br. & Barfuss (in Barfuss et al. 2016: 58) and S. ilhanus Leme & D.R. Couto (in Leme et al. 2022a: 7); (ii) convolute-blade (the vriseoid type II), observed in S. freicanecanus (Siqueira & Leme, 2006a: 377) D.R.Couto & A.F.Costa (in Couto et al. 2022: 352), S. oliganthus (Baker, 1887: 345) D.R.Couto & A.F.Costa (in Couto et al. 2022: 354), S. vellozicolus (Leme & Siqueira 2006b: 406) D.R.Couto & A.F.Costa (in Couto et al. 2022: 354), S. vexatus and S. enigmaticus; and (iii) convolute-blade type III (stigmadontoid type III), observed in S. andaraiensis (Leme 2012: 16) D.R.Couto & A.F.Costa (in Couto et al. 2022: 352), S. itamarajuensis Leme, D.R. Couto & L. Kollmann (in Leme et al. 2022a: 9), S. limae (Smith 1970: 181) D.R.Couto & A.F.Costa (in Couto et al. 2022: 354), and S. zonatus (Siqueira & Leme 2006a: 374) D.R.Couto & A.F.Costa (in Couto et al. 2022: 354). The floral features of S. enigmaticus, i.e., red bracts and yellow perianth, exserted stamens and stigma, and diurnal anthesis, are unique in the genus Stigmatodon but common in Vriesea (Costa et al. 2014, Neves et al. 2020, Couto et al. 2022). These characteristics, associated with hummingbird pollination syndrome (ornithophily), seem to be the ancestral state among bromeliads, while bat pollination (chiropterophily) originated multiple times in the family as a whole (Aguillar-Rodríguez et al. 2019), as well as in Vriesea (Kessler et al. 2020; Neves et al. 2020), and is supported as an ancestral state in Stigmatodon species (Couto et al. 2022). All the 33 previously known species of Stigmatodon bear chiropterophilous flowers, therefore the floral features of S. enigmaticus could result from the retention of the ancestral state or a reversion to it, a hypothesis that needs to be tested with molecular phylogeny.Published as part of Couto, Dayvid R., Gonella, Paulo M. & Costa, Andrea F., 2023, Stigmatodon enigmaticus (Bromeliaceae, Tillandsioideae), a new lithophytic species from the Campos Rupestres within the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, pp. 207-215 in Phytotaxa 584 (3) on pages 209-212, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/764569
Stigmatodon vexatus Leme & D. R. Couto 2022, comb. nov.
No full textStigmatodon vexatus (Leme) Leme & D.R. Couto, comb. nov. (Figs. 7 A–E) Basionym: ___ Vriesea vexata Leme, Journal of the Bromeliad Society 66: 137. 2017. Type:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Alvarenga, Pico da Aliança, 1311 m elevation, 19º 23’ 36.16” S, 41º40’13.58” W, 12 October 2012, E. Leme 8704, R. Vasconcelos & R. Oliveira (holotype RB!). Etymology: ___ The name of this species is based on the Latin vexatus, meaning vexed, or annoyed, as a reference to its demure appearance even when in bloom, which makes Vriesea vexata hard to spot in its natural habitat. Distribution and habitat:— Stigmatodon vexatus grows in an isolated Campos Rupestres within the Atlantic Forest Domain, in the municipality of Alvarenga, easternmost Minas Gerais state, about 1300 m elevation. It was observed on bare rocky outcrops in open areas of the highest parts of the mountain known as Pico da Aliança (1440 m elevation at summit), in the Doce River valley. The phytophysiognomy is similar to that of the Espinhaço range, where shrubby vegetation intermingled with herbaceous vegetation dominate the scenery, highlighting a large population of the endangered Vellozia gigantea Menezes & Mello-Silva (1999: 53). Preliminary conservation status: ___ Critically Endangered [CR B2ab (iii)]. Stigmatodon vexatus is a microendemic species (AOO= 4 km 2), known only from the type locality, being restricted to Pico da Aliança. In this area, it forms a small population, sparsely distributed on rocky outcrops, where only a few mature individuals could be located. The type locality is not situated within a protect area, and it is considered a local touristic attraction, which may represent an extra negative impact on its small population. Also, a large population of the invasive grass Melinis minutiflora Beauvois (1812: 54) is observed, which provides larger volumes of biomass to the system, increasing the intensity of periodical fires. Finally, the continuing impacts of fires, cattle, and agriculture in the surroundings, directly affect the quality of the habitat. For these reasons, we have preliminarly assessed S. vexatus as Critically Endangered. Observations: ___ Stigmatodon vexatus is morphologically related to S. lancifolius, which is an endemic species from the Campos Rupestres of the Septentrional Plateau of the Espinhaço Range, in Bahia state. It differs from this species by its shorter size when flowering (ca. 23 cm vs. ca. 70 cm tall), peduncle bracts exceeding the internodes (vs. distinctly shorter than the internodes), shorter inflorescence (ca. 5 cm vs. 8–15 cm long), which is subdensely flowered (vs. laxly flowered), and by the larger floral bracts (17–20 mm vs. 8–12 mm long).Published as part of Leme, Elton M. C., Couto, Dayvid R., Kollmann, Ludovic J. C. & Fraga, Claudio Nicoletti De, 2022, Novelties in Stigmatodon (Bromeliaceae, Tillandsioideae), a genus endemic to Brazil: three new species, one new combination, and two new stigma types, pp. 233-249 in Phytotaxa 576 (3) on page 245, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.576.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/747160
Hansen, Lee (Lee R.). Union, non-union, and managerial pay plan state employees, 2008-2019
No full text1 online resource (2 pages)"July 1, 2021."Provides the number of union and non-union state employees in each of the last 14 years. Also provides the number of state employees paid under the state's managerial pay plan during each of those years. Updates OLR research report 2019-R-011
A morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of Fasciolariidae (Gastropoda: Buccinoidea)
No full textCouto, Diogo R., Simone, Luiz R. L. R. (2019): A morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of Fasciolariidae (Gastropoda: Buccinoidea). Zootaxa 4684 (1): 1-65, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4684.1.
R-4.2.0 with all libraries necessary for caMeL
No full textThis is a zipped file with R 4.2.0 and all libraries that are necessary for for caMeL interface operation. Simply follow the guidelines to prepare your environment.Disclaimer: this is a full environment for the software operations. I am not an author of it. You should cite the developers accordingly (https://ropensci.org/blog/2021/11/16/how-to-cite-r-and-r-packages/).</p
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