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    Oxidative modifications of conjugated and unconjugated linoleic acid during heating

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    The oxidative stability of conjugated linoleic (CLA) and linoleic (LA) acids in different chemical forms (free acids, methyl esters and homogeneous triacylglycerols) was compared. All model systems were heated at 180°C for different times (15, 30, 45 and 60 min). The primary oxidation products were evaluated by spectrophometric analysis, while the volatile compounds were determined by solid phase microextraction (SPME), coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HRGC-MS). The isomer profile modifications were investigated by silver ion high performance liquid chromatography (Ag+-HPLC) equipped with an UV detector. Generally, peroxide values decreased during the heating time. Among the volatiles, saturated aldehydes were the most represented compounds. Isomerization of cis,trans and trans,cis CLA to trans,trans isomers was observed mainly for the methyl form of CLA. The three different chemical forms of LA never showed isomerization phenomena

    Characterization of Volatile Fraction of Saffron from Central Italy (Cascia, Umbria)

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    Saffron, the world's most expensive spice, is valuable for its color, taste, aroma, and properties, which are influenced by the postharvest treatments. In this research solid-phase micro-extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed to analyze saffron produced in the area of Cascia, central Italy. The samples were dried under different conditions as a function of time and temperature. The main volatiles in addition to safranal were isophorone, 4-ketoisophorone, and 2,2,6-trimethyl-1,4-cyclohexanedione. In some samples, two new compounds (2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentene and 1,3,3-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-2,5-dione) were identified. Their content increased with drying temperature and time and they could be characteristic of saffron produced in the selected geographical area. Moreover the results confirmed that the drying conditions strongly influenced saffron volatile profile
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