1,721,046 research outputs found
RULE-BASED SYSTEMS PER IL DIRITTO MODELLI E SISTEMI PER LA GESTIONE E APPLICAZIONE DI REGOLE
No full textI sistemi basati su regole sono i sistemi di intelligenza artificiale maggiormente impiegati nel diritto. Il volume esamina la natura di tali sistemi, le tecnologie, le architetture e i linguaggi per la loro realizzazione e specifica gli ambiti in cui essi sono utilizzabili con profitto. Il lavoro si concentra sulle applicazioni giuridiche dei sistemi basati su regole e affronta tutti gli aspetti del loro funzionamento: le inferenze logiche, l’euristica, le procedure, le scelte pragmatiche. La parte iniziale del volume introduce i sistemi basati su regole in termini generali e ne valuta realizzazioni e potenzialità per il diritto. La parte centrale è riservata a vari esempi di tali sistemi nell’ambito del diritto. La parte finale presenta alcune applicazioni più recenti, che vanno al di là dell’approccio tradizionale
Addressing Liability of Automated Systems in Air Traffic Management
Full text linkIn the current operational scenario of Air Traffic Management (ATM), liability is mainly allocated to the operators who are responsible for air traffic control and air navigation. However, this scenario will rapidly change: the adoption of new technologies with high automation levels is likely to raise new legal issues related to liability. The paper presents an outline of the issues of liability in relation to automation, focusing on the concept of autonomy and on the delegation of tasks to automatic systems or to hybrid human-machine systems. Finally a proposal to handle such issues is presented, based on a model of ATM as a socio-technical system, where the allocation of liabilities may be seen as a governance mechanism enabling the enhancement of the functioning of ATM
Liability impact of automated systems in air traffic management
No full textIn the current operational scenario of Air Traffic Management (ATM), liability is mainly allocated to the operators who are responsible for air traffic control and air navigation (e.g. controllers and pilots). However, this scenario will rapidly change: the SESAR concept of operations, in the context of the development of the Single European Sky,1 is defining a new high-performance air traffic management system, involving the adoption of new technologies, devices, and high automation levels, which will enable the future development of air transport. Advances in automation and technology may bring about drastic changes from the legal and regulatory perspective, questioning the allocation of liability mainly to operators. Innovation and automation run almost parallel in ATM and the more innovation progresses, the more the theme of liability attribution will be crucial. The ALIAS project (Addressing Liability Impact of Automated Systems - recently started as part of SESAR Work Package E), addresses liability and automation in ATM, and more generally in complex socio-technical systems. It analyses technological developments and their impacts on ATM, assesses current responsibility regimes and proposes future developments
ATSSSA victim compensation fund : a fair alternative to civil liability?
No full textThe traditional model of compensation for damages arising from air crashes is based on civil liability, coupled with the provision of insurances for involved stakeholders (ANSPs, Air Carriers, Airports, etc.). In this contribution I shall consider the ATSSSA act, adopted in the US after September 11, which established a mechanism for the compensation of victims or air accidents which departs from the model of civil liability. In the immediate aftermath of September 11, the US airline industry appeared near to a collapse, as passenger travel dropped precipitously, while a large number of tort claims against air companies were going to be filled. In this scenario, the US Congress decided to bail out the airline carriers through subsidies, and established limitations on liability in their favour, while offering a quid pro quo to the air crash victims in the form of a compensation scheme
Rulebase technology and legal knowledge representation
No full textThis paper reflects the results of a study conducted as a side work connected with the development of ALIS (Automated Legal Intelligent System), modeling a representation of legal knowledge in the area of intellectual property rights using the RuleBurst rule-based system technology. In this first stage, our work has been focused on Italian Copyright law, with the aim to develop a method that could be extended and applied, in a subsequent stage, to other IP legislations in Europe. The integration in the ALIS decision support system of the Ruleburst inferencing system with an advanced legal text retrieval engine and a game-theory strategy engine is facilitated by using a (quasi) natural language-knowledge representation, enhancing the benefits of isomorphism. © 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
Digital technologies and the law
No full textDigital technologies are creating a new model of society where every human activity or
business and every public function or service is highly dependent on technologies that
process information, as well as on the production and exchange of information-based
goods and services. Artificial Intelligence is reshaping our lives, our social interactions and
activities, and, in some ways, our human nature. This revolution creates new risks and op-
portunities for individuals and for the whole of society, and consequently new demands for
protection of fundamental legal values and rights. Technology, in particular AI, changes the
work of lawyers and legal professionals. Lawyers should be interested in understanding
basic concepts and principles of digital technologies. On the one hand, only by knowing
the basics can lawyers gain awareness of the opportunities and risks involved in their use
and of their impact on legal values. On the other hand, the knowledge of principles of
computer science is needed to understand the opportunities to use digital technologies in
legal activities. Following this perspective, the book is organised in two parts. In the first
part (Legal Informatics), the basic concepts of computer science (hardware and software,
data, internet, artificial intelligence) are presented, as their main implications for the legal
domain and the activities of legal professionals. In the second part (Digital Law), the main
legal topics in digital law are presented (data protection, intellectual property, platforms
law, liability and automation), together with an overview of the main regulatory initiatives,
focusing on EU law (GDPR, AI Act, DMA, DSA)
Modelling the law through argument maps: legal analysis and design
No full textWe present a research aimed at representing legal rules as argument maps. Such representation supports communication with non-lawyers and the integration of safety arguments with legal arguments. The approach has been used in real test applications in the ATM domain, to assess liability issues of new automated technologies
Responsabilità e automazione: una metodologia per la valutazione del rischio giuridico basata sull'argomentazione
No full textL’obiettivo di questo lavoro è di presentare una ricerca mirata a rappresentare le regole giuridiche per mezzo di argument maps (mappe di argomenti), e l’utilizzo di tali mappe all’intero del Legal Case, uno strumento metodologico che ha l’obiettivo di supportare l’integrazione di tecnologie ad alta automazione nei sistemi complessi, in particolare nella gestione del traffico aereo. Il contributo presenta brevemente la metodologia, e descrive lo sviluppo e l’utilizzo delle mappe di argomenti per la rappresentazione dell’informazione giuridica. Sono infine presentati i risultati della validazione dell’approccio basato sulle mappe, e le prospettive future della ricerca
Automated driving regulations – where are we now?
Full text linkSelf-driving vehicles are a tool that contributes significantly to sustainable development, both nationally and globally, as their positive effects extend beyond national borders. For their wider use, we need an appropriate
regulatory framework as well as certain technical capabilities. It is not only technically sophisticated vehicles that are important, but also the infrastructure that supports automated driving. This paper analyses the legal
frameworks of selected states, aside from those frameworks at international and EU level. The research indicates that national regulations often concentrate on the testing phase of automated vehicles. Furthermore, these rules frequently require a certain degree of driver involvement, highlighting that some form of human control remains essential. It seems that regulation does not match the speed of technological development or is sometimes
somehow unsynchronized with it
Liability and automation in socio-technical systems
No full textThe introduction of highly automated technologies in socio-technical systems (STS) gives rise to new legal questions, especially as concerns liability for accidents, calling for new models of allocating decision-making tasks between humans and machines. We first discuss the relation between responsibility for the execution of a task and legal liability. Then we analyse the impact of automation in the allocation of liability within STS. In this regard, we present an actor-based analysis of liability allocation, taking account of the main types of liability, and in particular liability for software failures. In the final section of the chapter, we present the Legal Case, a methodology by which to analyse liability allocation in automated STSs and to assess the resulting legal risk for all actors involved
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