86,536 research outputs found
A worm gel-based 3D model to elucidate the paracrine interaction between multiple myeloma and mesenchymal stem cells
Get PDFMultiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy of terminally-differentiated plasma cells that develops mainly inside the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. It is well known that autocrine and paracrine signals are responsible for the progression of this disease but the precise mechanism and contributions from single cell remain largely unknown. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are an important cellular component of the BM: they support MM growth by increasing its survival and chemo-resistance, but little is known about the paracrine signaling pathways. Three-dimensional (3D) models of MM-MSC paracrine interactions are much more biologically-relevant than simple 2D models and are considered essential for detailed studies of MM pathogenesis. Herein we present a novel 3D co-culture model designed to mimic the paracrine interaction between MSC and MM cells. MSC were embedded within a previously characterized thermoresponsive block copolymer worm gel that can induce stasis in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) and then co-cultured with MM cells. Transcriptional phenotyping of co-cultured cells indicated the dysregulation of genes that code for known disease-relevant factors, and also revealed IL-6 and IL-10 as upstream regulators. Importantly, we have identified a synergistic paracrine signaling pathway between IL-6 and IL-10 that plays a critical role in sustaining MM cell proliferation. Our findings indicate that this 3D co-culture system is a useful model to investigate the paracrine interaction between MM cells and the BM microenvironment in vitro. This approach has revealed a new mechanism that promotes the proliferation of MM cells and suggested a new therapeutic target
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC IDENTIFICATION OF ANOMALOUS ORIGIN OF THE LEFT CIRCUMFLEX CORONARY-ARTERY FROM THE RIGHT SINUS OF VALSALVA
No full textEchocardiographic identification of anomalous origin of the left circumflex coronary artery from the right sinus of Valsalv
Three-dimensionally two-photon lithography realized vascular grafts
Get PDFGeneration of artificial vascular grafts as blood vessel substitutes is a primary challenge in biomaterial and tissue-engineering research. Ideally, these grafts should be able to recapitulate physiological and mechanical properties of natural vessels and guide the assembly of an endothelial cell lining to ensure hemo-compatibility. In this paper, we advance on this challenging task by designing and fabricating 3D vessel analogues by two-photon laser lithography using a synthetic photoresist. These scaffolds guarantee human endothelial cell adhesion and proliferation, and proper elastic behavior to withstand the pressure exerted by blood flow
Ablazione della Fibrillazione Atriale con Encircling Elettro-anatomico: Esperienza Personale
No full textBiventricular pacing and atrioventricular junction ablation as treatment of low output syndrome due to refractory congestive heart failure and chronic atrial fibrillation.
No full textPacing biventricolare e ablazione del nodo atrioventricolare come trattamento di emergenza in un caso di sindrome da bassa portata da scompenso cardiaco refrattario e fibrillazione atriale cronica
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