1,721,141 research outputs found

    Piccoli impianti di depurazione: normative nazionali e regionali a confronto

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    I piccoli impianti di depurazione sono soggetti a una normativa nazionale che coesiste con molte norme regionali basate su differenti criteri (numero di abitanti equivalenti, corpo idrico ricettore, sensibilità ambientale delle zone, altitudine, tipo di trattamento). Oggetto di questo lavoro è porre a confronto tali criteri. Nell’evoluzione delle norme sui piccoli impianti di depurazione si evidenzia la necessità di tutelare efficacemente l’ambiente, e al contempo la necessità di valutare realisticamente il “rapporto benefici/costi” di un trattamento depurativo complesso applicato agli scarichi di piccole comunità o edifici isolati

    Electrochemical fluorination: state of the art and future tendences

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    A brief survey of the ECF process for the preparation of perfluorinated organo-compounds is given. The yield of perfluorinated products depends on the experimental conditions and on the nature of the starting material. Some useful rules are reported in order to optimise the ECF process. An improved operational technique allowed to obtain high yield of perfluorodimorpholinepropane (PFDMP) by simultaneous fluorination of dimorpholinepropane and N-methylmorpholine. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

    Upgrading of activated sludge wastewater treatment plants with hybrid moving bed biofilm reactors

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    This paper focuses on hybrid moving-bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs). For this research, we arranged a pilot-scale activated sludge plant with an anoxic tank (1 m(3)), an aerated tank (1 m(3)), and a settler (1 m(3)); it was fed with municipal wastewater (at a rate of 300 L/h). This plant removed only 11% of the NH4-N, so the aerated tank was divided into two reactors and polyethylene carriers were placed into each reactor. The upgraded plant removed 86% of the ammonium and 73% of the total nitrogen. The following step was a full-scale plant. A municipal activated sludge wastewater treatment plant, originally built for 3000 p.e., received a nitrogen load corresponding to 5800 p.e. (The term "p.e." represents the persons equivalent.) A sector of each aerated tank was transformed to a hybrid MBBR: the aeration equipment was changed and polyethylene carriers were placed in these sectors. With an incoming total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) concentration of 79 mg/L, the outgoing NH4-N concentration was <1 mg/L
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