130,586 research outputs found
Depression and cognitive impairment-Extrahepatic manifestations of NAFLD and NASH
No full textNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its complication non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are important causes of liver disease worldwide. Recently, a significant association between these hepatic diseases and different central nervous system (CNS) disorders has been observed in an increasing number of patients. NAFLD-related CNS dysfunctions include cognitive impairment, hippocampal-dependent memory impairment, and mood imbalances (in particular, depression and anxiety). This review aims at summarizing the main correlations observed between NAFLD development and these CNS dysfunctions, focusing on the studies investigating the mechanism(s) involved in this association. Growing evidences point at cerebrovascular alteration, neuroinflammation, and brain insulin resistance as NAFLD/NASH-related CNS manifestations. Since the pharmacological options available for the management of these conditions are still limited, further studies are needed to unravel the mechanism(s) of NAFLD/NASH and their central manifestations and identify effective pharmacological targets
Proton dynamics in supercritical water
No full textProton mean kinetic energy in supercritical water was determined using deep inelastic neutron scattering (DINS) technique to validate harmonic approximation and the hypothesis of decoupling among translational, rotational and vibrational degrees of freedom. Anisotropy of proton momentum distribution due to nonspherical molecular symmetry in water was also assessed. Proton mean kinetic energy was well described by a semi-classical harmonic model. The experimental results were found to be in good agreement with the theoretical predictions
Exploring ultra-fast proton dynamics in water under a static electric field
No full textWe present an experimental investigation of the single-particle dynamics of hydrogen
in liquid water and ice subject to static electric field using deep inelastic neutron scattering. The
nuclear mean kinetic energy, EK, of hydrogen in liquid water at room temperature does not
show sensible changes when an electric field of magnitude 105 V/m is turned on. On the contrary,
the value of EK in ice at 263 K and subject to the same electric field is found to be substantially
lower than the reference value for ice Ih at the similar temperature of 271 K and without electric
field. This is true both if the electric field is kept on or not while the sample cools from 300 K to
263 K. Concurrent diffraction measurements performed on ice subjected to an electric field show
no sizeable structural changes with respect to the expected powder-averaged ice-Ih diffraction
pattern
Microscopic collective dynamics in liquid neon-deuterium mixtures: Inelastic neutron scattering and quantum simulations
No full textIn this paper a combined neutron scattering and quantum simulation study of the collective dynamics in liquid Ne-D2 mixtures, at a temperature of T = 30 K and in the wave-vector transfer range 4 nm???1 < q < 51 nm???1, is presented. Two D2 concentrations are investigated, one close to 25% molar and the other close to 50% molar, together with pure Ne. The dynamic structure factor for the centers of mass of the two molecular species is extracted from the neutron scattering data and subsequently compared with that obtained from three different quantum simulation methods, such as ring polymer molecular dynamics and two slightly different versions of the Feynman-Kleinert approach. A general agreement is found, even though some discrepancies both among simulations, and between simulations and experimental data, can be observed. In order to clarify the physical meaning of the present spectroscopic results, an analysis of the longitudinal current spectral maxima is carried out showing the peculiarities of the D2 center-of-mass dynamics in these mixtures. A comparison with the centroid molecular dynamics results obtained for the D2 center-of-mass self-dynamics in the same liquid mixtures is finally proposed
Deep inelastic neutron scattering determination of the single-particle kinetic energy in solid and liquid He3
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Microscopic structure and collective modes in liquid hydrogen: a preliminary inelastic X-ray scattering study
No full textSingle particle dynamics in fluid and solid hydrogen sulphide: an inelastic neutron scattering study
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Temperature dependence of the molecular kinetic energy in dense fluid hydrogen
No full textWe present an experimental and path integral Monte Carlo study of the single-molecule
dynamics in fluid parahydrogen. The experiment consists in an
inelastic neutron scattering determination of the translational kinetic
energy, , as a function of temperature at a density
close to the triple point. Experimental and simulated values of are found to be in good agreement in the investigated
temperature range. Discrepancies are found with a simple harmonic model
parametrized by the value of the zero-point kinetic energy
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