1,721,824 research outputs found
Au-delà de la répétition. Deleuze avec et contre Freud
No full textThis paper explores Gilles Deleuze’s critique of Sigmund
Freud’s concept of repetition, particularly in the context of temporality,
habit, and the unconscious. While psychoanalysis links the repetition
compulsion to the search for pleasure, the tendency to repeat over and
over again a past traumatic experience and, finally, on a deeper lever, the
drive to return to an inanimate state, the account given by Deleuze in
Difference and Repetition is quite different. On the one hand, repetition
surely rules the process of psychic individuations but, on the other hand,
it never refers to an empirical object or an actual experience – meaning
that there is no habit which is repeated for the purpose of obtaining some
pleasure, there is no past experience recurring in the present and, above
all, the death drive does not correspond to the human need to go back to
a purely material inanimate condition.
This perspective allows Deleuze to reinterpret the unconscious as a
dynamic force of questioning and problematization, rather than a mere
repository of past experiences. This shifts the understanding of psychic life
from one of static repetition to one of perpetual novelty and
differentiation, challenging traditional psychoanalytic views and
highlighting the continuous generation of newness in human desires and
behaviors
Il teatro come metafisica del concreto secondo Artaud
No full textThis paper discusses Antonin Artaud’s conception of the relationship between thought and existence, affirming that rational thought never manages to grasp concrete existence. Through the revolution of theatre, though, Artaud pursues a new form of thought capable of preserving its intimate connection with life. Therefore, he questions traditional Western theatre, which relies on representation, mimesis and on the supremacy of text, of language, of the written word. In contrast, he proposes a new idea of theatre, with an emphasis on gestures, movements, and symbols. According to Artaud, this form of theatre, deeply rooted in the materiality of the staging, becomes a metaphysical practice which allows to break the barriers between the abstract and the concrete and to draw ideas belonging to a spiritual order, revealing hidden truths about human existence.This paper discusses Antonin Artaud’s conception of the relationship between thought and existence, affirming that rational thought never manages to grasp concrete existence. Through the revolution of theatre, though, Artaud pursues a new form of thought capable of preserving its intimate connection with life. Therefore, he questions traditional Western theatre, which relies on representation, mimesis and on the supremacy of text, of language, of the written word. In contrast, he proposes a new idea of theatre, with an emphasis on gestures, movements, and symbols. According to Artaud, this form of theatre, deeply rooted in the materiality of the staging, becomes a metaphysical practice which allows to break the barriers between the abstract and the concrete and to draw ideas belonging to a spiritual order, revealing hidden truths about human existence
Pentapora clipeus Lombardi & Taylor & Cocito 2010, SP. NOV.
No full textPENTAPORA CLIPEUS SP. NOV. (FIG. 11) Material examined: Holotype: NHM BZ 5662, Middle Pliocene, Monte Padova (level 90), Castell’Arquato, Piacenza, Emilia, Italy, Pizzaferri Collection. Paratype: NHM BZ 5663, details as for holotype. Diagnosis: Pentapora with erect bifoliate colonies; autozooids small, averaging 0.55-mm long by 0.37-mm wide; giant avicularia spatulate, often with closure plate containing two pores, crossbar uncalcified; ovicell with pores in a band close to orifice. Description: Colonies erect, bilamellar, represented only by small fragments. Base and early astogeny unknown. Autozooids small, longer than wide, 0.48–0.60 mm long (mean 0.55 ± 0.06 mm; N = 5), 0.33–0.42 mm wide (mean 0.37 ± 0.04 mm; N = 5). Frontal shield lepralioid, slightly convex, granular, with areolar pores and pseudopores; zooidal boundaries becoming less distinct during ontogeny. Primary orifice slightly longer than wide, 0.18–0.25 mm long (mean 0.22 ± 0.03 mm; N = 5), 0.17–0.22 mm wide (mean 0.20 ± 0.02 mm; N = 5); condyles present; lappets sometimes developed. Oral spines often present but few in number. Basal walls with short median septum extending distally from transverse wall. Ovicells globular, becoming completely embedded by calcification of the frontal shield of the distal zooid; pores present in a band close to the primary orifice. Avicularia dimorphic, adventitious, suboral, proximally directed. Normal avicularia small, 0.07– 0.08 mm long (mean 0.080 ± 0.005 mm; N = 5), 0.06– 0.07 mm wide (mean 0.070 ± 0.006 mm; N = 5). Giant avicularia often substituting for normal avicularia, 0.17–0.27 mm long (mean 0.21 ± 0.03 mm; N = 15), 0.15–0.20 mm wide (0.17 ± 0.02 mm; N = 15), occupying less than half of the length of the autozooid, lying normal to the frontal plane partially within the primary orifice; rostrum spatulate; crossbar uncalcified; closure plates often present, containing two or occasionally three pores. Etymology: The species name (Latin, clipeus, shield) alludes to the distinctive closure plates that occlude many of the giant avicularia. Remarks: This new species is most easily recognized by the closure plates of the giant avicularia (Fig. 11A– E), structures that are not present in other species of Pentapora, except occasionally in P. lacryma sp. nov., where they lack the pores seen in P. clipeus sp. nov. The absence of a calcified crossbar in the giant avicularia is another distinctive feature (Fig. 11C): this does not seem to be simply the result of breakages, in view of the good condition of the material. Material of P. clipeus sp. nov. comes from a locality preserving aragonite, in contrast to most of the P. pertusa and P. lacryma sp. nov. specimens described above, where aragonite has been leached. This may account for the preservation of orificial lappets and secondary calcification overgrowing the ovicells (Fig. 11B). The new species shares with P. lacryma sp. nov. the possession of small autozooids. However, unlike the other fossil species of Pentapora, P. pertusa and P. lacryma sp. nov., ovicell pores are arranged in a band close to the primary orifice in P. clipeus sp. nov. (Fig. 11A, B); P. pertusa has single large ovicell pore (Fig. 8A), whereas numerous pores are scattered across the entire ovicell surface in P. lacryma sp. nov. (Fig. 9D). Distribution: Pliocene, Piacenzian, Monte Padova, Emilia, Italy.Published as part of Lombardi, Chiara, Taylor, Paul D. & Cocito, Silvia, 2010, Systematics of the Miocene-Recent bryozoan genus Pentapora (Cheilostomata), pp. 17-39 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 160 (1) on pages 31-33, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00594.x, http://zenodo.org/record/543945
Sessualità in frammenti. Amori e identità di genere nella Recherche secondo Gilles Deleuze
No full textLa comprensione della sessualità della Recherche è da sempre una delle ardue imprese che spettano agli
interpreti del capolavoro proustiano. Il nostro contributo intende soffermarsi sull’analisi svolta da Gilles
Deleuze nel capitolo “Niveaux de la Recherche” – facente parte della seconda sezione di Proust et les signes
(1963), aggiunta nel 1970. Qui, proprio attraverso l’esame dei rapporti amorosi proustiani, il filosofo
illustra i meccanismi di produzione della verità propri dell’oeuvre-machine letteraria. Le verità del romanzo
di Proust, secondo Deleuze, si organizzano su diversi livelli, alcuni più superficiali, altri più profondi: le
rivelazioni degli ultimi, tuttavia, non annullano le verità precedentemente acquisite, ma coesistono con
esse, in una simultaneità su più piani. Le questioni sessuali proustiane non sfuggono a questa
epistemologia del molteplice e – anzi – diventano in un certo senso il paradigma d’elezione per illustrare
questa eterodossa distribuzione del vero.
Deleuze individua tre livelli di verità attraverso cui si articolano i rapporti amorosi dei personaggi della
Recherche. Il primo livello è quello dell’eterosessualità ordinaria e normativa, che sembra rappresentare la
forma di relazione amorosa più diffusa, più evidente e più superficiale del romanzo: gli amori
eterosessuali dell’opera proustiana sono pervasi dalla gelosia – che è l’arte per eccellenza della
decifrazione dei segni di cui pullula la Recherche. Il secondo livello, scoperto proprio grazie alle manie del
geloso, è quello di una dimensione omosessuale più profonda nascosta, che non falsifica, bensì
relativizza l’eterosessualità statisticamente maggioritaria dei personaggi del romanzo. Per comprendere
meglio la relativizzazione messa qui in luce da Deleuze, si farà in prima istanza ricorso all’intuizione di
Anne Sauvagnargues, che individua un nesso tra le riflessioni deleuziane sul tema dell’omosessualità e
l’esame del rapporto tra il concetto di “norma” e di media statistica condotto da Georges Canguilhem
in quegli anni. Secondariamente, si metterà in risalto l’importanza degli studi foucaultiani sulla storia
della sessualità, che illustrano come il concetto di norma sia stato storicamente trasposto su un piano
politico-sociale – diventando dunque uno dei fondamenti della regolazione dei comportamenti sessuali.
Questa digressione sull’idea di norma, di maggioranza e minoranza statistica, dovrebbe consentire,
infine, una comprensione privilegiata dell’aspetto forse più interessante e originale della lettura
deleuziana. L’eterosessualità e l’omosessualità, secondo Deleuze, sono entrambe il frutto di un’ulteriore
determinazione statistica, che non riguarda più soltanto gli orientamenti sessuali ma direttamente
l’identità di genere dei tipi proustiani. Il terzo livello della Recherche si rivela allora come quello
dell’ermafroditismo, di una disforia costitutiva: i personaggi proustiani sono intimamente ermafroditi,
uomini e donne al contempo, e il loro genere (quello che li identifica) è determinato statisticamente,
globalmente (sono “prevalentemente uomini” o “prevalentemente donne”). Soltanto in questa seconda
ottica, quella del genere “molare”, è possibile conservare la classificazione dei rapporti (eterosessuali-
omosessuali) su cui poggiano i primi due livelli della Recherche. Il terzo livello individuato da Deleuze,
tuttavia, sembra aprire la strada a un’interpretazione “molecolare” della sessualità, che da un lato
relativizza l’idea che il genere individuale possa essere definito in maniera univoca, e dall’altro sottrae le
relazioni amorose alla categorizzazione rigida che la società sembra sempre più esigere e imporre.
L’ermafroditismo che Deleuze intravede nei personaggi proustiani assume allora un portato filosofico e
politico più ampio: esso funziona come machine di disarticolazione di quelle logiche di incasellamento
dei rapporti e delle identità, quei “nominalismi” (per riprendere un termine impiegato da Deleuze nella
prefazione a L’après-mai des faunes di Guy Hocquenghem) che, se da un lato sono funzionali a legittime e
opportune rivendicazioni, dall’altro rischiano di sottomettere ancora una volta l’ambito della sessualità a
una categorizzazione e a una regolamentazione imperante.
La lettura deleuziana di Proust, forse inattuale come ogni filosofia dovrebbe essere, sembra propendere
per una messa a valore dell’ermafroditismo, un potenziamento della disforia – di quell’assenza di una
piena coincidenza con ciò che si è su un piano molare, globale, statistico – come strumenti di
implementazione di un nuovo tipo di rapporti trasversali e non incasellabili tra quelle parti – nostre e
altrui, femminili e maschili – che ci compongono senza risolversi in un’identità unitaria
Pas une fois pour toutes
No full textThe paper traces some of Gilles Deleuze’s reflections on the subject of thought and philosophical activity, focusing especially on the third chapter of one of his main works,Difference and repetition(1968). Following the general structure of the chapter, the paper first analyses the concept of “Image of thought”, which describes the tendency of thought itself to represent its own functioning, and the risks that the Image imply, since it chains the activity of thought to old sedentary habits and its ordinary functioning. Secondly, the paper examines Deleuze’s original proposal of a “thought without image”, a thought whose conditions are not predetermined and that therefore must recreate itself each time. Deleuze arrives at this conception through questioning the classical notion of truth and revisiting Kant’s theory of transcendental knowledge
Systematics of the Miocene-Recent bryozoan genus Pentapora (Cheilostomata)
No full textLombardi, Chiara, Taylor, Paul D., Cocito, Silvia (2010): Systematics of the Miocene-Recent bryozoan genus Pentapora (Cheilostomata). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 160 (1): 17-39, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00594.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00594.
Pentapora lacryma Lombardi & Taylor & Cocito 2010, SP. NOV.
No full textPENTAPORA LACRYMA SP. NOV. (FIGS 9, 10) <p> <i>Eschara pertusa</i> Milne-Edwards, 1836: Busk, 1859: 65 (part), pl. 10, figs 2a <i>′</i>, 2b only.</p> <p> <i>Material examined:</i> Holotype: NHM D50716, Coralline Crag Formation, Broom Hill, Suffolk, Burrows Collection. Paratypes: NHM BZ 5648-9, Pliocene, Coralline Crag Formation, Aldeburgh Member, Crag Pit Nursery, Aldeburgh, Suffolk, Bishop & Taylor Collection. NHM BZ 5677, Coralline Crag Formation, Aldeburgh Member, Aldeburgh Hall, Suffolk, Lombardi Collection, August 2007. NHM D50989, Coralline Crag Formation, Sudbourne Hall, Suffolk, Burrows Collection. NHM D50173-5, Coralline Crag Formation, Sudbourne Church, Suffolk, Burrows Collection. NHM D51060, Coralline Crag Formation, Crag Pit Nursery (NGR 458580), Aldeburgh, Suffolk, Pitt Collection, 1967. NHM D55497, Coralline Crag Fm., Sudbourne Park Gates, Suffolk, Vallentin Collection. Other material: NHM BZ 5240, Coralline Crag Formation, Sudbourne Member, Crag Farm Yard, Suffolk, Tilbrook Collection, presented 1997. NHM BZ 5650-1, Coralline Crag Formation, Aldeburgh Member, Aldeburgh Hall, Suffolk, Tilbrook Collection, May 1994. NHM BZ 5652, Coralline Crag Formation, Crag Pit Farm, Suffolk, Tilbrook Collection, presented 1997. NHM BZ 5653, Coralline Crag Formation, Aldeburgh Member, Aldeburgh, Suffolk, Taylor Collection. NHM BZ 5654-6 (samples), Coralline Crag Formation, Crag Farm, Sudbourne, Suffolk, Whiteley Collection. NHM BZ 5657, Coralline Crag Formation, Sudbourne Member, Sudbourne, Suffolk, Taylor Collection, 1999. NHM BZ 5658, Coralline Crag Formation, Crag Farm, Sudbourne, Suffolk, Pitt Collection. NHM BZ 5659, Coralline Crag Formation, Richmond Farm, Gedgrave, Suffolk, Pitt Collection. NHM D34979, two specimens (Fig. 10) questionably assigned to <i>P. lacryma</i> sp. nov., Pliocene, Red Crag Formation, Walton-on-Naze, Essex, Harmer Collection.</p> <p> <i>Diagnosis: Pentapora</i> with erect foliaceous colonies; autozooids small, averaging 0.51-mm long by 0.27-mm wide; giant avicularia teardrop-shaped; ovicells with pores distributed over entire surface.</p> <p> <i>Description:</i> Colonies developing three-dimensional, box-like growths comprising folded and anastomosing bilamellar plates from an extensive encrusting base that is often multilamellar. Diameter up to 12 cm (NHM BZ 5240). Early astogenetic stages with smallsized zooids; ancestrula not clearly identifiable.</p> <p> Autozooids longer than wide, 0.37–0.69 mm long (mean 0.53 ± 0.03 mm; <i>N</i> = 10), 0.13–0.41 mm wide (mean 0.27 ± 0.02 mm; <i>N</i> = 10), roughly rectangular in shape. Frontal shield lepralioid, slightly convex, granular, with areolar pores and pseudopores. Primary orifice longer than wide, 0.14 ± 0.18 mm long (mean 0.15 ± 0.02 mm; <i>N</i> = 5) by 0.11 ± 0.18 mm wide (mean 0.13 ± 0.03 mm; <i>N</i> = 5); condyles present; lappets present; closure plates occasionally developed (Fig. 9E). Oral spines seemingly lacking (although spine bases may have been obscured by epitaxial cement). Basal walls with short median septum extending distally from transverse wall. Ovicells wider than long, 0.16–0.24 mm long (mean 0.19 ± 0.02 mm; <i>N</i> = 20) by 0.19–0.28 mm wide (mean 0.24 ± 0.02 mm; <i>N</i> = 20), not embedded in the frontal shield of the distal zooid or overgrown; pores numerous, scattered over entire surface.</p> <p> Avicularia dimorphic, adventitious, suboral, proximally directed; crossbar calcified. Normal avicularia small, 0.07–0.11 mm long (mean 0.09 ± 0.02 mm; <i>N</i> = 5), 0.05–0.08 mm wide (mean 0.07 ± 0.01 mm; <i>N</i> = 5), placed on an umbo normal to the frontal plane. Giant avicularia sporadically replacing normal avicularia, 0.20–0.27 mm long (mean 0.24 ± 0.02 mm; <i>N</i> = 15), 0.11–0.18 mm wide (mean 0.16 ± 0.02 mm; <i>N</i> = 15); rostrum spatulate, teardrop shaped; palate deep, broad; crossbar with columella.</p> <p> <i>Etymology:</i> The species name (Latin, <i>lacryma</i>, tear) alludes to the shape of the giant avicularia.</p> <p> <i>Remarks:</i> Some of the specimens assigned by Busk (1859) to <i>Pentapora</i> [as <i>Eschara</i>] <i>pertusa</i> from the Coralline Crag Formation in fact belong to <i>P. lacryma</i> sp. nov. It differs from <i>P. pertusa</i> in having numerous small pores scattered over the entire surface of the ovicell (Fig. 9D), whereas <i>P. pertusa</i> has a single large medial pore (Fig. 8D). A second striking difference is evident in specimens possessing giant avicularia. These are relatively small and teardrop shaped in <i>P. lacryma</i> sp. nov. (Fig. 9A, D), but are large, prominent, and triangular in <i>P. pertusa</i> (Fig. 8B, F). Although fragments of <i>P. pertusa</i> and <i>P. lacryma</i> sp. nov. can be found together in the same pieces of limestone matrix, suggesting that the two species lived in close sympatry, individual colony fragments always seen to have ovicells and giant avicularia characteristic of one species or the other – transitional forms are lacking. The identification of nonovicellate fragments without giant avicularia is, however, difficult, as noted above in the remarks for <i>P. pertusa</i>.</p> <p> <i>Distribution:</i> Pliocene, Late Zanclean–Early Piacenzian, Coralline Crag Formation, Aldeburgh and Sudbourne members, questionably Ramsholt Member, Suffolk, UK and Red Crag Formation, Essex (note that many of the erect bryozoans in the Red Crag were derived and transported from the older Coralline Crag, which may be true of the specimens of? <i>P. lacryma</i> sp. nov. recorded here).</p>Published as part of <i>Lombardi, Chiara, Taylor, Paul D. & Cocito, Silvia, 2010, Systematics of the Miocene-Recent bryozoan genus Pentapora (Cheilostomata), pp. 17-39 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 160 (1)</i> on pages 29-31, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00594.x, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5439457">http://zenodo.org/record/5439457</a>
- …
