135,085 research outputs found
Adaptation to a seasonally varying environment: a strong latitudinal cline in reproductive diapause combined with high gene flow in Drosophila montana
No full textAdaptation to seasonal changes in the northern hemisphere includes an ability to predict the forthcoming cold season from gradual changes in environmental cues early enough to prepare for the harsh winter conditions. The magnitude and speed of changes in these cues vary between the latitudes, which induces strong selection pressures for local adaptation.
We studied adaptation to seasonal changes in Drosophila montana, a northern maltfly, by defining the photoperiodic conditions leading to adult reproductive diapause along a latitudinal cline in Finland and by measuring genetic differentiation and the amount of gene flow between the sampling sites with microsatellites. Our data revealed a clear correlation between the latitude and the critical day length (CDL), in which half of the females of different cline populations enter photoperiodic reproductive diapause. There was no sign of limited gene flow between the cline populations, even though these populations showed isolation by distance. Our results show that local adaptation may occur even in the presence of high gene flow, when selection for locally adaptive life-history traits is strong. A wide range of variation in the CDLs of the fly strains within and between the cline populations may be partly due to gene flow and partly due to the opposing selection pressures for fly reproduction and overwinter survival. This variation in the timing of diapause will enhance populations’ survival over the years that differ in the severity of the winter and in the length of the warm period and may also help them respond to long-term changes in environmental conditions.peerReviewe
Telegram re: Texas Centennial Commission
No full textTelegram from Walter D. Cline to Amon Carter urging Carter's attendance at a meeting of the Committee in Austi
the "cline"
No full textdeclineNow referred to as tuberculosis. Informant said her grandparent died of the "cline".File under _decline_ - W.K.JH 2/70not usedNot usedWithdrawn(See _decline_
Telegram re: Will Rogers visit
No full textTelegram from Walter D. Cline to Amon Carter regarding the appearance of the Quartettes and Will Rogers in Wichita Falls, Texa
J.N. et al. v. Oregon Department of Education et al., United States District Court for the District of Oregon, Case No. 6:19-cv-00096-AA
No full textDavid Bateman, PhD, Jenifer Cline, MA CCC SLP, Sonja de Boer, PhD, BCBA-D, Stacey Gahagan, Esq.Title from PDF title page (viewed on July 7, 2022).This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Includes bibliographical references.Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
Using neutral cline decay to estimate contemporary dispersal: a generic tool and its application to a major crop pathogen
No full textDispersal is a key parameter of adaptation, invasion and persistence. Yet standard population genetics inference methods hardly distinguish it from drift and many species cannot be studied by direct mark-recapture methods. Here, we introduce a method using rates of change in cline shapes for neutral markers to estimate contemporary dispersal. We apply it to the devastating banana pest Mycosphaerella fijiensis, a wind-dispersed fungus for which a secondary contact zone had previously been detected using landscape genetics tools. By tracking the spatio-temporal frequency change of 15 microsatellite markers, we find that σ, the standard deviation of parent–offspring dispersal distances, is 1.2 km/generation1/2. The analysis is further shown robust to a large range of dispersal kernels. We conclude that combining landscape genetics approaches to detect breaks in allelic frequencies with analyses of changes in neutral genetic clines offers a powerful way to obtain ecologically relevant estimates of dispersal in many species
Lasiodactylus falini Cline, new species
No full textLasiodactylus falini Cline, new species (Figs. 3, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, 24, 29, 30, 36, 40, 44) Type Series. Holotype: $, Data Labels: Suriname, Marowijne, Palumeu, ca 160 m, 3 8 20 9 56 0 N: 55 8 26 9 18 0 W, 5–9 July, Z.H. Falin and D. Konoe collr., SUR1F99 185, ex: flight intercept trap; Bar Code Label, SM0164807, KUNHM-ENT; HOLOTYPE, Lasiodactylus falini, A.R. Cline des. 2002. Deposited SEMC. Paratype: #, Data Labels: French Guiana; Entomotech Lodge, 30 km SE Roura on Kaw Rd., 1-12-XII-2002, J.E. Eger; 04 8 33.570 9 N, 052 8 12.433 9 W, 300 m; PARATYPE, Lasiodactylus falini, A.R. Cline des. 2003. Deposited in FSCA. 2) L. brunneus, dorsal aspect of head. Scale bars ¼ 0.5 mm. Description. Length 9.0 mm, Width 4.1 mm, Depth 2.0 mm. Body uniformly dark reddish brown/black. Head with labrum deeply indented halfway to posterior border. Labrum glabrous with a few scattered minute punctures. Clypeus broadly emarginate at clypeo-labral suture. Maxillary palpi elongate with sensillar area not extending completely across apex (Fig. 3). Vertex with small shallow fovea next to each orbit. Both small and large punctures evenly dispersed across head. Axillary (supraocular) space extending forward to middle of eye. Antennal scape curved along posterior margin. Eighth antennomere flattened. Antennal club compact, antennomeres 9 and 10 chevron shaped, antennomere 11 somewhat diamond-shaped (Fig. 5). Several short, stiff setae are apparent throughout the coarsely faceted eyes. Pronotum with anterior margin shallowly emarginate, lateral margin widest just before posterior angles, posterior margin with small indentations near posterior angles. Both large and small punctures evenly dispersed across pronotum. Scutellum broadly triangular with several small punctures scattered throughout. Elytra finely, densely fimbriate along lateral margin from humeri to apex. Humeri moderately produced. Elytral margins narrowly explanate from humeri to five-sixths the length of the elytra. Punctures deeply impressed and in double rows, a row of minute punctures each bearing a minute golden seta between the double rows. Pygidium broadly triangular, narrowed at apex, with disperse setae scattered, apical margin bearing short setae laterally and longer setae medially (Fig. 11). Mentum with minute punctures along margin. Prosternal process in lateral aspect angled from anterior origin to a flattened area over procoxae, with short vertical face posteriorly (Fig. 8). Prosternal process in ventral aspect greatly expanded behind procoxae with many short setae along apical border. Protibia shallowly curved along medial border. Apical spine short, as long as first tarsomere. Lateral margin finely, narrowly crenulate (Fig. 14). Mesotibia similar to L. brunneus, except for broad teeth on the apical border (Fig. 17). Metatibia with short slender spines along entire length of lateral margin, and only present in apical half of medial margin.Apical margin armed with 16–18 teeth (Fig. 20). Apical spine large, as long as first two tarsomeres combined. Male genitalia with anal sclerite (¼ tergite VIII) broadly convex with shallow fossa for reception of tegmen, apicolateral corners convex (Fig. 24). Numerous setae present on apical border, becoming longer medially. Tegmen small and compact, basal margin with shallow concavity (Fig. 29). Scattered, short setae in apical one-half not extending to dorsal side of tegmen, with longer tuft of setae basally. Median lobe large, robust, greater than 3/4 length of tegmen, with simple apical opening (Fig. 30). Ovipositor with gonocoxites fused from base to apical one-third of structure (Fig. 40). Group of small basal sensilla, and larger sensilla scattered along apical two-thirds of gonocoxites. Terminal appendage originating from small pit on lateral margin near apex. Terminal appendage bearing seven setae from apex. Two setae overlapping at the extreme tip of the gonocoxites. Paraprocts with lateral and medial margins heavily sclerotized (Fig. 36). Apical margin tapered into broad point at apex. Basal medial margin prolonged into a terminal ridge that extends over the base of the gonocoxites. Ovipositor long and slender. Etymology. The specific epithet honors the collector of the Holotype, Zack Falin. Diagnosis. Non-genitalic characters delimiting this species include: distinct large and small puncture pattern on the head, large size of the axillary space behind the eyes, maxillary palpi elongate with a sensillar region not extending across the apical margin, and lateral aspect of the prosternal process somewhat produced, with a short vertical face. The following genitalic features distinguish L. falini from the other known species: tegmen relatively small in comparison to the large median lobe, shorter setae on tegmen not extending around apex to dorsal surface, anal sclerite with concave apicolateral corners, gonocoxites of ovipositor distinctly fused in apical half, basal aggregation of sensilla on gonocoxites, seven setae originating from terminal gonocoxite accessory appendage, and sclerotized basal ridge on paraproct that partially covers the gonocoxite base. Distribution. The holotype was collected at a locality near Palumea on the Tapanahony River in Marowijne province, southern Suriname. The paratype was collected in Guyanan Shield forest in neighboring French Guiana (Fig. 44). Biology. The village at the type locality is surrounded by a semi-circle of actively farmed fields, partially cut secondary forest, older secondary forest, disturbed primary forest, and undisturbed forest several kilometers away from the village. The flight intercept trap was in the disturbed primary forest. The forest there is classic Guyanan Shield forest, found throughout the interior of Suriname and the Guyanas. The forest where this particular trap was placed was disturbed only in that the larger, economically valuable/useful trees had been removed, otherwise it was virtually indistinguishable from the surrounding pristine forest (Z. Falin pers. comm.).Published as part of Cline, Andrew R. & Carlton, Christopher E., 2004, Review of Lasiodactylus Perty, with Descriptions of Three New Species (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae: Nitidulinae), pp. 355-368 in The Coleopterists Bulletin 58 (3) on pages 357-359, DOI: 10.1649/63
Colonel George D. Haskins pins Major William Willie Cline as Second Lieutenant Cleo Bynum Stands Waiting 1
No full textJacksonville State College (now Jacksonville State University) ROTC Colonel George D. Haskins is shown outside on campus as he pins Major William Willie Cline in the mid 1960s. Second Lieutenant Cleo Bynum is standing to the right of Major Cline. (circa 1966)https://digitalcommons.jsu.edu/lib-ac-histimg/17749/thumbnail.jp
Significant differences in cline shape among markers.
No full text<p>Pairwise likelihood ratio tests (LRT) among all SNPs (M1–M5; D1–D4) and flower color (FC) to test for differences in cline shape. For each comparison, the data source listed in each column was constrained to the set of parameters estimated from each row and the log-likelihood of the constrained model was re-estimated. Each cell in the matrix is color-coded according to the magnitude of <i>D</i> (two times the difference in log-likelihood values between the freely estimated and constrained model). Each color increases <i>D</i> in 50 unit increments. Estimates of <i>D</i> less than the critical value for Bonferroni-corrected statistical significance and six degrees of freedom (<i>D</i><23.85) are in blue and denote those comparisons for which cline shape parameters are not significantly different between markers.</p
- …
