186,363 research outputs found
Neuropatie del Sistema Nervoso Enterico dell'uomo: possibili correlazioni con le malattie da prioni dell'uomo e degli animali
No full textL'obiettivo del progetto è quello di contribuire alla comprensione degli eventi patogenetici che caratterizzano i processi degenerativi del sistema nervoso enterico nell'uomo in relazione alla malattie da prioni
Ruolo patogenetico di virus neurotropi nelle neuropatie dell'apparato gastrointestinale
No full textIl presente progetto rappresenta la logica continuazione di una linea di ricerca volta ad acquisire informazioni circa il ruolo patogenetico dei virus neurotropi in pazienti con patologie digestive caratterizzate da gravi disturbi (nausea, vomito e stipsi severa) conseguenti ad una compromissione della regolazione neuronale enterica sulla funzione motoria del tratto alimentare. La prima parte di tale progetto è già stata approvata (22/06/2006) e finanziata (13/12/2006 – Protocollo N° 1333Tris/2006) dalla Fondazione del Monte di Bologna e Ravenna. Gli obiettivi della presente ricerca sono:
a)analizzare i meccanismi attraverso i quali i virus neurotropi determinano l’infezione del sistema nervoso enterico (SNE). Tale scopo verrà attuato attraverso l’utilizzo di un modello sperimentale di infezione del SNE da Herpes Simplex Virus tipo 1 (HSV1) nell’animale da esperimento in vivo;
b)studiare l’impatto di infezioni virali abbastanza comuni, come quella da HSV1, nel SNE di pazienti con severi disturbi della motilità gastrointestinale correlati ad una sottostante neuropatia
Meccanismi chemosensitivi nell'apparato digerente dell'uomo e di animali da esperimento in condizioni normali ed infiammatorie.
No full textDifferenti sensazioni (dolce, amaro, salato, aspro) sono percepite da bottoni gustativi distribuiti nella mucosa dalla lingua fino all’epiglottide. Dati recenti, inoltre, indicano che cellule epiteliali,
provviste di recettori per il gusto (taste receptors, TR), sono presenti lungo il tratto gastrointestinale di diversi mammiferi e dell’uomo. I TR, recettori metabotropici correlati alle proteine G (transducina e gustducina), intervengono nelle funzioni digestive di “chemosensing”, contribuendo al controllo delle attività secretorie, assorbitive, motorie e della sazietà. La funzione
chemosensitiva potrebbe favorire reazioni di difesa, quali nausea, vomito e avversione al cibo. Tuttavia, i meccanismi di controllo dell’espressione dei TR nel tubo digerente restano a tutt’oggi
sconosciuti. Il presente progetto è volto a verificare presenza, distribuzione e caratterizzazione delle cellule epiteliali che esprimono transducina/gustducina, indicatori di TR, nel tratto gastrointestinale di uomo e di suino, per comprendere l’esistenza di possibili variazioni dell’espressione dei TR indotte dal digiuno e da differenti regimi dietetici. Il progetto si propone, inoltre, di analizzare l’espressione di transducina/gustducina nella mucosa intestinale di pazienti obesi e con malattie infiammatorie
croniche intestinali in fase attiva e di quiescenza
Le infezioni da virus neurotropi come fattore patogenetico nelle neuropatie dell'apparato gastrointestinale: caratteristiche biologiche e neuroanatomiche
No full textIl progetto che prevede la partecipazione di ricercatori del Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia e del Dipartimento di Morfofisilogia Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali ha come scopo quello di stabilire se i virus neurotropi svolgano un ruolo patogenetico nelle neuropatie enteriche infiammatorie. Gli obiettivi della ricerca sono: a) far luce sul danno neuronale mediato da virus attraverso l'utilizzo di un modello sperimentale di infezione del Sistema Nervoso Enterico da Herpes Simplex Virus tipo 1 nell'animale da esperimento in vivo; b) studiare l'impatto di infezioni virali abbastanza comuni, come quella da HSV1, nel Sistema Nervoso Enterico di pazienti con severi disturbi della motilità gastrointestinale correlati ad una sottostante neuropatia
Effect of chronic heat stress on gastrointestinal histology and expression of feed intake-regulatory hormones in broiler chickens
No full textHeat stress (HS) dramatically impairs the growth performance of broiler chickens, mainly as a consequence of reduced feed intake due to the loss of appetite. This study was aimed at evaluating the alterations induced by chronic HS conditions on the morphological and morphometric features of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and on the expression of some enteroendocrine cells (EECs) involved in the regulation of feed intake in chickens. Three hundred male chickens (Ross 308) were divided into two experimental groups and raised either in thermoneutral environment for the whole fattening period (0-41 days) (TNT group) or subjected to chronic HS conditions (30 degrees C for 24 h/day) from 35 to 41 days (HS group). Samples of proventriculus, duodenum, jejunum and cecum were collected from 24 broilers (12/group). Haematoxylin-eosin was used for the morphometric evaluations, while immunohistochemistry was applied for the evaluation of EECs expressing ghrelin (GHR), cholecystokinin (CCK), neuropeptide Y (NPY), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and serotonin (5-HT). In the proventriculus, HS reduced total wall thickness and mucous layer height (P <= 0.01) as well as mean diameter, circumference, and area of the compound tubular glands (P <= 0.001) with respect to TNT. The small intestine of HS birds was characterised by decreased villous height and total thickness (duodenum, P <= 0.01; jejunum, P <= 0.001), whereas crypt depth and width were reduced only in the jejunum (P <= 0.01). HS had negligible effects on the morphological aspects of the cecum. In the proventriculus, an increase in GHR and NPY EECs was observed in response to HS (P <= 0.001). Similarly, the small intestine villi of the HS group showed greater GLP-1 (P <= 0.05), 5-HT (P <= 0.001) and CCK (P <= 0.01) EECs. Moreover, the expression of 5-HT EECs was higher in the duodenal (P <= 0.01) and jejunal (P <= 0.01) crypts of HS birds, whereas GLP-1 and CCK EECs increased only in jejunal crypts (P <= 0.05). Finally, 5-HT EEC expression was increased in the cecum of HS group (P <= 0.01). In conclusion, these outcomes demonstrate that chronic HS induces morphometric alterations not only in the small intestine but also in a key organ such as the proventriculus. Furthermore, HS conditions affect the presence and distribution of EECs, suggesting that some GI peptides and biogenic amine may be implicated in the regulation of appetite and voluntary feed intake in heat-stressed broiler chickens. (C) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of The Animal Consortium
An immunohistochemical study of the distribution of nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive neurons and fibers in the reticular groove of suckling lambs
No full textThe reticular groove (RG) is a specialized region of ruminant forestomach which, in suckling animals, via a vagovagal reflex, transforms itself into a tube to ensure the direct transport of milk from the esophagus to the
abomasum. The nervous mechanism controlling the RG movement is not fully understood; however, at this level, the enteric nervous system (ENS) shows the highest neuronal density when compared with other fore-
stomach compartments. Because nitric oxide is considered the putative major mediator of non-adrenergic non-cholinergic smooth muscle relaxation, the aim of the present study was to investigate the ENS of the RG of suckling lambs, both in the floor and in the lip, with particular regard to nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-immunoreactivity (-IR), by means of double immunohistochemical staining. NOS antiserum was used in association with
some neurochemical markers which have been utilized by many authors in ENS. A rich innervation of fibers extended along the entire length of the RG. Proceeding distally, the number of neurons stained with a pan-neuronal marker increased; they were more numerous in the lips and lip–floor junction than in the floor itself. However, the percentage of NOS-IR neurons was the same in the proximal and distal parts. Many NOS-IR neu-
rons often co-expressed galanin and dopamine b-hydroxylase. Neurochemical markers, such as calbindin, calcitonin gene-related peptide, IB4 and neurofilament 200 kDa, usually used to identify primary sensory neurons were not expressed in RG neurons, and the co-localization of NOS with tyrosine hydroxylase and substance P was rarely found. When compared with other districts, the RG showed some peculiar aspects, such as the lack of both neurons in the submucosal plexus and the lack of typical sensory neurons
Sorteni C, De Angeli M, Clavenzani P, De Giorgio R, Johnson C, Chiocchetti R. Expression of PrPC in glial cells of the cat intestinal tract. Abstract of the Joint International Neurogastroenterology and Motility Meeting, 6-8 Sept 2012, Bologna, Italy. Vol. 24, Supplement 2, pag. 121 Sept 2012 (online ISSN 1365-2982)
No full textEffect of chronic heat stress on gastrointestinal histology and expression of feed intake-regulatory hormones in broiler chickens
No full textHeat stress (HS) dramatically impairs the growth performance of broiler chickens, mainly as a consequence of reduced feed intake due to the loss of appetite. This study was aimed at evaluating the alterations induced by chronic HS conditions on the morphological and morphometric features of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and on the expression of some enteroendocrine cells (EECs) involved in the regulation of feed intake in chickens. Three hundred male chickens (Ross 308) were divided into two experimental groups and raised either in thermoneutral environment for the whole fattening period (0–41 days) (TNT group) or subjected to chronic HS conditions (30 °C for 24 h/day) from 35 to 41 days (HS group). Samples of proventriculus, duodenum, jejunum and cecum were collected from 24 broilers (12/group). Haematoxylin-eosin was used for the morphometric evaluations, while immunohistochemistry was applied for the evaluation of EECs expressing ghrelin (GHR), cholecystokinin (CCK), neuropeptide Y (NPY), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and serotonin (5-HT). In the proventriculus, HS reduced total wall thickness and mucous layer height (P ≤ 0.01) as well as mean diameter, circumference, and area of the compound tubular glands (P ≤ 0.001) with respect to TNT. The small intestine of HS birds was characterised by decreased villous height and total thickness (duodenum, P ≤ 0.01; jejunum, P ≤ 0.001), whereas crypt depth and width were reduced only in the jejunum (P ≤ 0.01). HS had negligible effects on the morphological aspects of the cecum. In the proventriculus, an increase in GHR and NPY EECs was observed in response to HS (P ≤ 0.001). Similarly, the small intestine villi of the HS group showed greater GLP-1 (P ≤ 0.05), 5-HT (P ≤ 0.001) and CCK (P ≤ 0.01) EECs. Moreover, the expression of 5-HT EECs was higher in the duodenal (P ≤ 0.01) and jejunal (P ≤ 0.01) crypts of HS birds, whereas GLP-1 and CCK EECs increased only in jejunal crypts (P ≤ 0.05). Finally, 5-HT EEC expression was increased in the cecum of HS group (P ≤ 0.01). In conclusion, these outcomes demonstrate that chronic HS induces morphometric alterations not only in the small intestine but also in a key organ such as the proventriculus. Furthermore, HS conditions affect the presence and distribution of EECs, suggesting that some GI peptides and biogenic amine may be implicated in the regulation of appetite and voluntary feed intake in heat-stressed broiler chickens
Effect of essential oils on the oxyntopeptic cells and somatostatin and ghrelin immunoreactive cells in the european sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) gastric mucosa
No full textThe current work was designed to assess the effect of feed supplemented with essential oils (EOs) on the histological features in sea bass’s gastric mucosa. Fish were fed three diets: control diet (CTR), HERBAL MIX® made with natural EOs (N-EOs), or HERBAL MIX® made with artificial EOs obtained by synthesis (S-EOs) during a 117-day feeding trial. Thereafter, the oxyntopeptic cells (OPs) and the ghrelin (GHR) and somatostatin (SOM) enteroendocrine cells (EECs) in the gastric mucosa were evaluated. The Na+K+-ATPase antibody was used to label OPs, while, for the EECs, anti-SOM and anti-GHR antibody were used. The highest density of OP immunoreactive (IR) area was in the CTR group (0.66 mm2 ± 0.1). The OP-IR area was reduced in the N-EO diet group (0.22 mm2 ± 1; CTR vs. N-EOs, p < 0.005), while in the S-EO diet group (0.39 mm2 ± 1) a trend was observed. We observed an increase of the number of SOM-IR cells in the N-EO diet (15.6 ± 4.2) compared to that in the CTR (11.8 ± 3.7) (N-EOs vs. CTR; p < 0.05), but not in the S-EOs diet. These observations will provide a basis to advance current knowledge on the anatomy and digestive physiology of this species in relation to pro-heath feeds
Effect of Mucine 4 and Fucosyltransferase 1 genetic variants on gut homoeostasis of growing healthy pigs
No full textPutative genetic markers have been associated with ETEC F4 (Mucine 4 [MUC4]; MUC4 GG;CG as susceptible; MUC4 CC as resistant) and F18 (Fucosyltransferase 1 [FUT1]; FUT1 GG;AG as susceptible; FUT1 AA as resistant) resistances respectively. In this study, 71 post-weaning pigs were followed from d0 (35 days old) to d42 (77 days of age) to investigate the effect of MUC4 or FUT1 genotypes on the mid-jejunal microbiota composition, pigs expression of genes related to inflammation (IL8, GPX2, REG3G, TFF3, CCL20 and LBPI) and glycomic binding pattern profile (Ulex europaeus agglutinin I [UEA] fucose-binding lectin and peanut agglutinin [PNA] galactose-specific), and on blood plasma targeted metabolomics profile, faecal score and performance parameters of growing healthy pigs. The MUC4 and FUT1 resistant genotypes improved the pigs’ growth performance and had firmed faecal score susceptible genotypes in d0–d21 period. Pigs with MUC4 GG genotype had a higher jejunal expression of genes relate to immune function (CCL20 and REG3G) than MUC4 CG and MUC4 CC pigs (p < 0.05). MUC4 CG pigs had higher expression of TFF3 (implicated in mucosal integrity) than MUC4 GG and MUC4 CC (p < 0.05). FUT1 influenced the alpha- and beta-jejunal microbial indices. The FUT1 AA group had a higher number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonging to Lactobacillus genus, while FUT1 GG group had a higher number of OTUs belonging to Veillonella genus. MUC4 CC pigs had lower scores for UEA on brush borders and goblet cells in villi than MUC4 GG (p < 0.05). FUT1 AA pigs had lower UEA positivity and higher PNA positivity on brush borders and goblet cells than FUT1 AG and FUT1 GG (p < 0.05). Both FUT1 and MUC4 influenced the metabolic profile of healthy pigs. Results highlight the role of MUC4 and FUT1 on pig intestinal homoeostasis and improved the knowledge regarding the potential interaction between host genetics, gut microbiota composition and host metabolism in a healthy status
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