26 research outputs found
SOUTHERN AMERICAN ENGLISH PERSONAL DATIVES: THE THEORETICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF DIALECTAL VARIATION
No full textThe Southern Double Object Construction, a regular form in Southern vernacular varieties of American English, is well attested. Among speakers of Southern Vernacular English, its use is not stigmatized, and it appears that it can be exchanged variably with its mainstream English approximate, the "self" reflexive (e.g., She(i) went to the stare to get her(i) some candy vs. She(i) went to the store to get herself(i) some candy). In this article, we contextualize the Southern Double Object Construction within the scope of syntactic literature on double object constructions. We contend that although Syntactic theories, such as the Principles and Parameters model, can explain Southern Double Object Constructions in general terms, they overlook idiosyncratic, language-specific properties that we argue, like Fillmore, Kay, and O'Connor (1988), constitute theoretically important information essential to evaluation of a grammar
Southern Minnesota Initiative Foundation: Early Childhood Initiative Grant
No full textIncludes bibliographical references
Sociolinguistic constructs of ethnic identity the syntactic delineation of an American Indian English
No full textThe Path to Translingual: A History of the Globalization of English in Composition Studies
No full textThis dissertation is a history of the representations of linguistically diverse international students within composition studies. The project highlights some of the many terms that have been used to represent linguistically diverse writers, such as ESL, EFL, multilingual, and nonnative, tracing the path to the concept of translingualism currently used by composition scholars. This research responds to Paul Matsuda's argument in "Composition Studies and ESL Writing: A Disciplinary Division of Labor" that "[u]ntil fairly recently, discussions of English as a Second Language (ESL) issues in composition studies have been few and far between" (699). This dissertation contends that Matsuda overstates his claim when he argues that composition, as a field, has not been overly concerned with the topic of second language speakers. Indeed, this topic has been emphasized throughout the field's scholarship and has even contributed to the formation of the field itself.
Specifically, the dissertation analyzes the journals College English between 1939-1950 and College Composition and Communication between 1950-2013 to examine the conversations about multilingual writers and students in the field of composition. Through an analysis of these journals, it becomes apparent that discussions about international students in U.S. classrooms today have strong antecedents in the conversations of our past. And these conversations about international, linguistically diverse writers have been a continuous force in the creation and evolution of mainstream thinking in the field. By tracing these evolving conversations, the project demonstrates how the field of composition has reached the translingual moment currently researched by composition scholars. The dissertation concludes that translingualism, as a developing theory, still calls for more research that emphasizes pedagogical techniques that use a translingual approach to language.Ph. D
Differential Vowel Accommodation among Two Native American Groups
No full textDespite recent attention to English varieties spoken by Native Americans in the Eastern United States, (Anderson 1999; Wolfram & Dannenberg 1999; Dannenberg 2002), they have generally been overlooked in terms of their construction of ethnolinguistic identity (Fought 2002). Many Native American contact situations in the Eastern US are different from those in the Western US because of the relative length of contact with and exposure to marked dialects of English. Is there evidence for a pan-lectal core of Native American English or a "Boarding School effect" in Eastern US, as posited for the Southwest by Leap (1993) and others? How have Native American speakers accommodated to their regional English dialects? Is there evidence for lingering source language transfer or substrate influence? Do these Native American English varieties maintain an ethnic identity separate from their regional identity?
These questions are addressed through the comparative examination of the vowel systems of the Eastern Cherokee and Lumbee English, two prominent but quite distinct Native American groups in North Carolina. Their vowel systems are compared with each other and with their respective regional benchmark varieties—Appalachian English for the Eastern Cherokee and the Coastal Plain European American and African American English for the Lumbee in Robeson County. Based on acoustic analysis, their overall vowel systems are compared, with particular attention paid to the fronting of back vowels such as ⁄u⁄, the upgliding of ⁄⁄, and the realization of ⁄ai⁄.
The Eastern Cherokee show more similarity to their European American Appalachian cohorts than do the Lumbee to their cohorts. The local Southern Highland dialect has played a primary formative role in the English of the Eastern Cherokee, especially in the production of ⁄u⁄ and ⁄⁄. At the same time, local dialect accommodation is complemented by some subtle substrate effects from the Cherokee language on the ⁄ai⁄ diphthongs (Anderson 1999). In part, this accommodation may be explained in terms of the long-term, highly local interaction between European Americans and Cherokees and the durablity of the Cherokee community in this region. A strong sense of regional place is also shared by the Eastern Cherokees with their European American cohorts.
Though the Lumbee are regionally connected to other North Carolina dialect regions, they do not exhibit the degree of local dialect accommodation shown by the Cherokee. The differences include relic features such as backed ⁄ai⁄ nuclei, especially among the older speakers. Furthermore, no detectable substrate effect occurs in their vowels. This difference may be explained in terms of the Lumbee's early exposure and shift to English. Furthermore, they were historically exposed to a wider range of varieties of English than the Cherokee, and have been living in close contact with both European and African Americans since around 1730. In the process, their identity as American Indians has been questioned continually, leading to greater linguistic burden on marking themselves symbolically as the ethnolinguisitic "other"—that is, neither white nor black—in the tri-ethnic setting of Robeson County.
References:
Anderson, Bridget (1999). Source language transfer and vowel accommodation in the patterning of Cherokee English ⁄ai⁄ and ⁄oi⁄. American Speech 74, 4: 339-68.
Dannenberg, Clare (2002). Sociolinguistic Constructs of Ethnic Identity: The Syntactic
Delineation of an American Indian English. Durham, NC: Duke UP, for American Dialect Society.
Fought, Carmen (2002). Ethnicity. In J. K. Chambers, P. Trudgill and N. Schilling-Estes (eds.), The Handbook of Language Variation and Change. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. 444-72.
Leap, William (1993). American Indian English. Salt Lake City, UT: University of Utah Press.
Wolfram, Walt & Clare Dannenberg (1999). Dialect identity in a tri-ethnic context: The case of Lumbee American Indian English. English World-Wide 20:179-216
Dietary Interventions to Prevent High Fructose Diet-associated Worsening of Colitis and Colitis-associated Tumorigenesis in Mice
No full text博士(医学) 乙第3135号(主論文の要旨、要約、審査結果の要旨、本文)，著者名:Ryohei NISHIGUCHI, Srijani BASU, Hannah A STAAB, Naotake ITO, Xi Kathy ZHOU, Hanhan WANG, Taehoon HA, Melanie JOHNCILLA, Rhonda K YANTISS, David C MONTROSE, Andrew J DANNENBERG，タイトル:Dietary interventions to prevent high-fructose diet-associated worsening of colitis and colitis-associated tumorigenesis in mice，掲載誌:Carcinogenesis(0143-3334)，巻・頁・年:42巻6号 p.842～852(2021)，著作権関連情報:© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact [email protected].，DOI:10.1093/carcin/bgab00
Dietary Interventions to Prevent High Fructose Diet-associated Worsening of Colitis and Colitis-associated Tumorigenesis in Mice
No full text東京女子医科大学博士(医学)博士(医学) 乙第3135号(主論文の要旨、要約、審査結果の要旨、本文)，著者名:Ryohei NISHIGUCHI, Srijani BASU, Hannah A STAAB, Naotake ITO, Xi Kathy ZHOU, Hanhan WANG, Taehoon HA, Melanie JOHNCILLA, Rhonda K YANTISS, David C MONTROSE, Andrew J DANNENBERG，タイトル:Dietary interventions to prevent high-fructose diet-associated worsening of colitis and colitis-associated tumorigenesis in mice，掲載誌:Carcinogenesis(0143-3334)，巻・頁・年:42巻6号 p.842～852(2021)，著作権関連情報:© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact [email protected].，DOI:10.1093/carcin/bgab007doctoral thesi
Phenotypic and Functional Characterization of Human Memory T Cell Responses to Burkholderia pseudomallei
No full textCopyright: © 2009 Tippayawat et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.Background: Infection with the Gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei is an important cause of community-acquired lethal sepsis in endemic regions in southeast Asia and northern Australia and is increasingly reported in other tropical areas. In animal models, production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is critical for resistance, but in humans the characteristics of IFN-γ production and the bacterial antigens that are recognized by the cell-mediated immune response have not been defined.
Methods: Peripheral blood from 133 healthy individuals who lived in the endemic area and had no history of melioidosis, 60 patients who had recovered from melioidosis, and 31 other patient control subjects were stimulated by whole bacteria or purified bacterial proteins in vitro, and IFN-γ responses were analyzed by ELISPOT and flow cytometry.
Findings: B. pseudomallei was a potent activator of human peripheral blood NK cells for innate production of IFN-γ. In addition, healthy individuals with serological evidence of exposure to B. pseudomallei and patients recovered from active melioidosis developed CD4+ (and CD8+) T cells that recognized whole bacteria and purified proteins LolC, OppA, and PotF, members of the B. pseudomallei ABC transporter family. This response was primarily mediated by terminally differentiated T cells of the effector–memory (TEMRA) phenotype and correlated with the titer of anti-B. pseudomallei antibodies in the serum.
Conclusions: Individuals living in a melioidosis-endemic region show clear evidence of T cell priming for the ability to make IFN-γ that correlates with their serological status. The ability to detect T cell responses to defined B. pseudomallei proteins in large numbers of individuals now provides the opportunity to screen candidate antigens for inclusion in protein or polysaccharide–conjugate subunit vaccines against this important but neglected disease
