101,886 research outputs found
Relazioni trofiche in una comunità ittica “artificiale”: Alburnus alburnus alborella (De Filippi, 1844), Pseudorasbora parva (Tem. e Sch., 1842) e Gambusia holbrooki (Girad, 1859) di un bacino di fitodepurazione
No full textLo studio delle relazioni trofiche tra specie ittiche (Alburnus alburnus alborella (De Filippi, 1844), Pseudorasbora parva (Tem. e Sch., 1842) e Gambusia holbrooki (Girad, 1859)) che compongono la comunità ittica “artificiale” di un bacino di fitodepurazione ha permesso di ottenere elementi per comprendere alcune dinamiche ecologiche del bacino, anche al fine di ottimizzarne la gestione
L’Indice di Capacità di Lavoro in operatori sanitari.
No full textThe Work Ability Index was used as a complementary tool for the periodical health surveillance of health care workers in order to evaluate their functional working capacity and to plan more appropriate preventive and compensatory measures. 867 health care workers of both sexes (337 men, 530 women), aged between 23 to 65 years and with a work experience from 0.5 to 48 years ere examined. They were physicians, registered and assistant nurses, biologists, technicians and clerks, working in hospital departments, ambulatory health care services, laboratories and offices. WAI proved to be "excellent" in 27.0%, "good" in 49.7%, "moderate" in 20.1% and "poor" in 3.2%. Women showed significantly lower mean WAI than men in all age groups, particularly among registered and assistant nurses. Women shift workers showed a more pronounced decrease of WAI over the years as compared to their colleagues day workers by increasing the number of illnesses suffered, WAI similarly decreased in all age groups, but less among physicians and clerks
Risposta dimensionale al trattamento con aloperidolo e risperidone in pazienti psicotici acuti
No full textIntroduzione. Le teorie dimensionali sono alla base della farmacoterapia dimensionale: la pratica di scegliere le molecole antipsicotiche in base al profilo d’azione recettoriale che le rende efficaci su specifiche dimensioni psicopatologiche. Scopo. Esaminare i criteri clinici di scelta del trattamento, le dimensioni maggiormente rispondenti in pazienti psicotici acuti e l’efficacia di aloperidolo e risperidone nei confronti delle specifiche dimensioni. Materiali e metodi. Lo studio è stato condotto su 458 pazienti psicotici acuti, valutati con le scale PANSS e CGI ed è stata loro assegnata terapia con aloperidolo o risperidone. Sono stati valutati i criteri di scelta per il trattamento assegnato e le dimensioni considerate come maggiormente rispondenti. L’analisi fattoriale è stata utilizzata per individuare le componenti dimensionali del campione e per valutare l’efficacia delle molecole rispetto a esse. Risultati. Mentre risperidone viene scelto per le sintomatologie “positiva”, “negativa” e “depressiva”, aloperidolo viene scelto per le sintomatologie “positiva”, “disorganizzata” e per l’agitazione psicomotoria. L’analisi degli item della PANSS ha permesso di individuare quattro principali fattori dimensionali caratterizzanti il campione: “positivo”, “negativo”, “ansia/depressione”, “disorganizzazione”. Risperidone risulta superiore ad aloperidolo per le dimensioni “negativa”, “ansia/depressione”, “disorganizzazione”. Conclusioni. I criteri clinici di scelta del trattamento riflettono quanto è indicato in letteratura e l’efficacia delle molecole sulle specifiche dimensioni conferma la validità dei criteri di scelta.Introduction. The dimensional drug-therapy is based on dimensional theories, and consists in the practice of choosing the antipsychotic molecules according to the patients receptorial profile that makes them effective on specific psychopathological dimensions. Aim. To examine the clinical criteria of the treatment choice, the specific dimensions considered answer in acute psychotic patients and the effectiveness of haloperidol and risperidone relatively. Materials and methods. 458 acute psychotic patients were appraised with PANSS and CGI and were assigned to therapy with either haloperidol or risperidone.The criteria of choice for the treatment was appraised and the dimensions considered were evaluated. A factorial analysis was made in order to individualize the dimensional components characterizing the sample and to appraise the effectiveness of the molecules to their respect. Results. While risperidone is chosen for positive, negative and depressive symptomatology, haloperidol is chosen for positive and disorganized symptomatology, and for the psycho-motor agitation. The analysis of the PANSS items allowed us to individualize four main dimensional factors characterizing the sample: positive, negative, anxiety/depression, disorganization. Risperidone results superior in respect of haloperidol for the negative dimensions, anxiety/depression, disorganization. Conclusions. The clinical criteria of the treatment choice reflects what is indicated in literature, and the effectiveness of the molecules on the specific dimensions confirms the validity of the criteria of choice
Lithium and proton conducting gel-type membranes
No full textWe review the characteristics and the properties of various types of gel-type, ionically conducting membranes. We have mainly investigated two classes of membranes, one characterized by lithium ion transport and the other characterized by proton conductivity. We show that the former membranes are suitable to be used as separators in advanced lithium ion plastic batteries and that the latter show good promises to be considered as alternative, new separators in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Malnutrition is not related to alterations in energy balance in patients with stable liver cirrhosis
No full textAbstract BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Little information are available on the relationship between energy balance and the alterations in nutritional status occurring in cirrhotic patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the daily energy balance in clinically stable cirrhotic patients with or without malnutrition. PATIENTS: Seventy-four consecutive cirrhotic patients and nine healthy controls were studied. METHODS: Basal energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry and adjusted according to the patients' physical activity to estimate the daily energy expenditure. Food intake was evaluated based on a 3-day dietary diary. Nutritional status and body composition were assessed using skinfold anthropometry and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, respectively. RESULTS: Thirty-two patients in the cirrhotic group were classified as severely malnourished according to anthropometric parameters. Two different patterns of soft-tissue loss were observed in the malnourished cirrhotic group: a significant reduction in fat mass and in fat-free mass was observed in males, whereas, females showed a significant reduction in fat mass only. Basal energy expenditure was similar in all groups, while the non-protein respiratory quotient was lower in cirrhotics notwithstanding their nutritional status. This suggests that lipids were the preferred oxidized fuel in the post-absorptive state in these patients. No difference in the estimated daily energy expenditure and energy intake was observed among groups. Lipid content of the diet was significantly lower in malnourished cirrhotics than in controls (33.1+/-1% vs 37.8+/-1%, P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Cirrhotic patients in stable clinical condition with malnutrition show a normal energy balance
Characterisation oh harbour and coastal sediments: specific destinations of dredged material
No full textStudio del profilo premorboso circadiano del sonno e delle attività in pazienti affetti da disturbi depressivi
No full textObiettivo. I disturbi depressivi sono alterazioni del tono dell’umore nelle quali intervengono fattori biologici, psicologici, genetici, sociali e culturali. Diversi studi suggeriscono che anomalie a livello dei ritmi circadiani possano essere coinvolte in tali disturbi. Mentre appare certo che tali anomalie siano di estrema rilevanza in una fase acuta di malattia, più limitato sembra invece il numero di studi atti a indagare il profilo generale di attività circadiana in una fase premorbosa di patologia. Metodi. È stato esaminato un gruppo di 206 soggetti affetti da disturbi depressivi secondo il DSM-IV confrontati con un campione di 206 individui sani. Tutti i partecipanti hanno compilato un questionario, finalizzato a raccogliere informazioni sulle principali funzioni biologiche ritmiche. Le differenze a questo livello sono state confrontate utilizzando l’analisi statistica della varianza (ANOVA). Risultati. Nell’“Età Adolescenziale” si è riscontrato, a livello del sonno, un anticipo dell’ora di risveglio di circa 20 minuti nei soggetti depressi rispetto ai controlli. Nell’“Età Giovanile” emerge, invece, una differenza statisticamente significativa (p=0,02) nell’orario di risveglio dei soggetti affetti da un disturbo depressivo rispetto ai sani, risultando mediamente anticipato di 39 minuti. Conclusioni. Si può ipotizzare che alterazioni dei ritmi biologici circadiani concorrano alla genesi dei disturbi depressivi come fattori predisponenti o precipitanti. Potrebbero, inoltre, rappresentare uno strumento in grado di facilitare l’individuazione di soggetti caratterizzati da una particolare vulnerabilità per tali disturbi già in una fase premorbosa della patologia.Aim. Depressive disorders are mood alterations in which biological, psychological, genetic, social and cultural factors can play an important role. Many studies suggest that anomalies in circadian rhythms can be explored according to a general model of a chrono-biological implication in the pathogenesis of the disease. At present it is possible to see a general agreement in literature concerning the importance of such modifications in acute phase of depression. However, until now scarce is the number of studies that have the aim to explore the circadian activity in a premorbid phase of depressive disorder. Methods. 206 patients affected by DSM-IV Major Depressive Disorders are examined, compared to a group of 206 healthy subjects. All individuals included in this study were asked to complete a questionnaire about the time of awakening, falling asleep, maximum appetite, energy and mental focusing. Results from patients and healthy subjects were compared using the ANOVA test. Subjects in the “Adolescence” age group were found to have an increase in the time of awakening by approximately 20 minutes in the depressed subjects compared to the controls. In the study of “Youth” age group, the results showed a statistically significant difference (p<0,02) in the awakening time with an anticipation of about 39 minutes compared to healthy individuals. Conclusions. Our study allow hypothesizing that alterations of the biological circadian activity profile can contribute to the genesis of Depressive Disorders as predisposing factors. They could represent an important way to facilitate the identification of subjects already characterized by a particular vulnerability for depression in a premorbid phase of illness
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