1,721,343 research outputs found
Ruolo della via di trasduzione L-cisteina/H2S nelle patologie a base infiammatoria: identificazione di un nuovo bersaglio terapeutico
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Hydrogen sulfide-releasing anti-inflammatory drugs for chemoprevention and treatment of cancer.
No full textAbstract
For many years it has been recognized that inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzymes is effective in reducing the incidence of many types of cancer, but the adverse effects of these drug, particularly in the gastrointestinal and cardiovascular systems, limits their utility. Recently developed hydrogen sulfide-releasing anti-inflammatory drugs may be a promising option for cancer chemoprevention. In this paper we review evidence suggesting that these novel compounds are effective in a range of animal models of various types of cancer, while exhibiting greatly reduced toxicity relative to currently marketed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Some of the possible mechanisms of action of hydrogen sulfide-releasing anti-inflammatory drugs are also discussed
Multiple controls in inflammation. Extracellular and intracellular phospholipase A2, inducible and constitutive cyclooxygenase, and inducible nitric oxide synthase.
No full textInflammation occurs as a defensive response to invasion of the host by foreign material, often of microbial nature. This response is normally a localized protective response that at the microscopic level involves a complex series of events including dilatation of arterioles, venules, and capillaries with increased vascular permeability, exudation of fluids including plasma proteins, and leukocyte migration into the inflammatory area. Since disease characterized by inflammation is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in humans, the processes involved in the host defense in inflammation have been and continue to be the object of several experimental studies. The role of several mediators such as histamine, serotonin, bradykinin, prostaglandins, and, more recently, cytokines and nitric oxide has been evaluated, and a contribution for each one of these mediators has been proposed. With the development of powerful molecular biology tools, it has become possible to study enzymes involved in this complex phenomenon by measuring the expression or evaluating the signaling pathways following a specific stimulus. These techniques have generated a proliferation of studies on the role of several enzymes and cytokines in inflammation. Most of these studies have been conducted in vitro on cell lines, and not many of the results have been confirmed by in vivo studies. This commentary does not pretend to analyze all of the studies and their possible in congruences, but endeavors to provoke in the reader a critical review of dogmas and current beliefs that most of the time are built on unilateral interpretation of the data
Effect of the treatment with zofenopril and enalapril in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) on the pathway of L-Cysteine/H2S and on tissue ACE/ACE2 activity.
No full textNitric oxide releasing drugs: from bench to bedside
No full textNO biology has had an enormous boost and several aspects of its role in physiology and pathology has been extensively studied. NO acts as a double edge sword mediator that has beneficial physiological effects as well as detrimental pathological effects making very difficult to develop drugs. Studies on nitric oxide therapeutic approach can be divided into two simple approaches: one directed to increase the NO release and another to inhibit NO release. Gene therapy approach have been also developed and pre-clinical data on iNOS and eNOS have shown promising results in post-angioplasty restenosis. The major limitation to the use of NSAID is represented by their ability to cause ulceration and bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract NO plays an important role in GI integrity. NO releasing NSAID have higher GI tolerability and retain their anti-inflammatory activity as well as the ability to inhibit platelet aggregation. NO-NSAIDs not only represents a new class of drugs but they represent the first "proof of concept" on the key role of NO in the gastrointestinal homeostasis
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