1,721,092 research outputs found
The Consumption of tobacco in Italy, 1871-1913: national and regional estimates
No full textThis paper provides an historical account of the consumption of manufactured tobacco in post-Unification Italy. The main phases of the monopoly are first reviewed. National and regional time series estimates for the years from 1871 to 1913 are then presented. At the national level, the new figures document a long-term reduction in per-capita consumption and a long-term increase in real per-capita spending. Per-capita real spending on tobacco followed rather closely the familiar Kuznets cycle with upper turning points in the mid-1870s, 1887, and, at an unprecedented level, in the pre-WWI years. The new estimates provide additional support to the «optimistic view» of the much debated «crisis» of the 1880s. The longitudinal features of the new regional estimates are also exploited. A standard myopic model of tobacco consumption is considered and tentative estimates of both short and long run income and price elasticities are provided. The paper ends by presenting possible directions for future research
Pioneering into the past: Regional literacy developments in Italy before Italy
No full textBlindfolded by a lack of earlier systematic data, comparative studies of regional developments in historical Italy begin with the formation of the Italian state, in 1861. We use literacy rates reported in post-1861 population censuses combined with the fact that literacy skills were usually achieved during youth to predict regional literacy developments all the way back to 1821. Our analysis informs ongoing debates about the origins and long-run evolution of Italy's north-south divide. By lifting the veil into Italy's pre-unification past, we establish that the north-south literacy gap was substantial already in 1821, grew markedly wider in the first half of the nineteenth century, only to revert back in 1911 to the 1821 level. Gender gaps in literacy essentially close in the north during 1821-1911, while in the south they registered a secular stagnation. This opens an avenue for investigating a new dimension of the north-south gap largely overlooked in the existing literature
Historical regional data on literacy rates in 1911 Italy, by gender (by Brian A'Hearn and Carlo Ciccarelli)
No full textItaly, June 1911, Population Census Data. Population and literacy rates by gender at various level of geographical disaggregation corresponding to various territorial administrative units (16 Regions, 69 Provinces, 276 Disctricts) . The data allow to illustrate geographic patterns in literacy by gender and sex ratios.
Summary statistics, maps and preliminary findings are reported in A'Hearn, B. and Ciccarelli, C. (2021), "Literacy in the Italian census of 1911: disaggregating the data" , Rivista di Storia Economica, forthcoming. Brian A’Hearn – Pembroke College, University of Oxford; Carlo Ciccarelli – Department of Economics and Finance, University of Rome, Tor Vergata .
If you find the data useful, please let us know at [email protected] and [email protected]
If you use the data in an article, please quote our article in Rivista di Storia Economica
The location of the Italian manufacturing industry, 1871–1911: a sectoral analysis
No full textThis study focuses on industrial location in Italy during the period 1871–1911, when manufacturing moved from artisanal to factory-based production processes. There is general agreement in the historical and economic literature that factor endowment and domestic market potential represented the main drivers of industrial location. We test the relative importance of the above drivers of location for the various manufacturing sectors using data at the provincial level. Estimation results reveal that the location of capital intensive sectors (such as chemicals, cotton, metalmaking and paper) was driven by domestic market potential and literacy. Once market potential and literacy are accounted for, the evidence on the effect of water endowment on industrial location is mixed, depending on the manufacturing sector considered
Bambini rom nella scuola elementare: status sociometrico tra i pari e reputazione presso gli insegnanti
No full textLa produzione industriale delle regioni d’Italia, 1861-1913: una ricostruzione quantitativa. 1. Le industrie non-manifatturiere
No full textLa produzione industriale delle regioni d'Italia, 1861-1913: una ricostruzione quantitativa. 2, Le industrie estrattivo-manifatturiere
Full text linkLa ricostruzione quantitativa della produzione industriale nelle regioni d’Italia nel cinquantennio
postunitario è stata promossa dalla Banca d’Italia nell’ambito del progetto di ricerca “Unità d’Italia e
sviluppo disuguale: la struttura creditizia e la crescita industriale per regioni dal 1861 al 1913” avviato
nel 2000 dall’Ufficio Ricerche Storiche e continuato poi dal Servizio Studi di Struttura economica e
finanziaria.
All’interno dell’industria si distinguono convenzionalmente i quattro grandi settori delle industrie
estrattive, delle industrie manifatturiere, delle industrie delle costruzioni, e delle industrie dell’elettricità,
del gas e dell’acqua. Di questi, il più vasto e complesso è di gran lunga il settore manifatturiero: riuni-
sce tutta una serie di industrie, tra le quali si distinguono le estrattivo-manifatturiere (a base minerale)
da un lato e le agricolo-manifatturiere (a base animale o vegetale) dall’altro.
Questo volume ha per oggetto i quattro settori delle industrie estrattivo-manifatturiere: le industrie
metallurgiche, le industrie meccaniche, le industrie che lavorano i minerali non metalliferi, le industrie
chimiche e affini. Per ognuno di questi settori il relativo capitolo presenta le stime annuali del valore
aggiunto regionale a prezzi 1911, e una descrizione delle fonti e dei metodi ad esse sottostanti. Le fonti
ufficiali sono identificate nel testo da un titolo breve; le citazioni complete sono riportate nell’elenco
dei riferimenti bibliografici.
Vale anche per questi capitoli l’introduzione storiografico-metodologica al volume precedente.
Quanto scritto è da attribuire esclusivamente agli autori, non impegna la responsabilità dell’Istituto
The Industrial labor force of Italy's Provinces: estimates from the population censuses, 1871-1911
No full textThis paper presents statistical reconstructions of the industrial labor force in post-Unification Italy. The estimates are based on the population censuses taken in 1871, 1881, 1901, and 1911. The figures are presented for each of Italy’s 69 provinces, separately by gender. Industry, as is customary in the literature, is defined so to include four major components: mining, manufacturing, construction, and utilities. Manufacturing is in turn broken down into 12 sectors. Some of the limits of population censuses, including their questionable representation of the labor force in the textile sector, are briefly summarized. The paper focuses then on possible uses of the proposed labor force estimates. It is in particular shown that, despite their known limits, population censuses represent a useful historical source to obtain legitimate estimates of provincial value added for Italy’s industry. The present contribution, that aims at stimulating the quantitative debate on Italian industry and industrialization at the local level, ends by presenting tentative directions for future research
Patterns of industrial specialisation in post-Unification Italy
Full text linkThis paper investigates the main patterns of industrial specialisation in Italian provinces over half a century following the Unification of the country. To this end, we propose a multivariate graphical technique named dynamic specialisation biplot. In 1871, specialisation vocations towards the different manufacturing sectors were limited in size and no clear geographical clustering emerged. A regional specialisation divide resulted instead clearly in 1911. In 1871 as in 1911, the foodstuffs, textile and engineering sectors represented the three pillars delimiting the arena of the specialisation race. Within that arena, the effect of public policies on the temporal evolution of provincial specialisation is considered. The adoption of free trade in the early 1860s affected noticeably the industrial specialisation of a few Neapolitan provinces. The subsequent protectionist measures altered the specialisation trajectories of selected northern provinces, largely attracted by the textile sector during the 1880s, and by the rapidly growing engineering sector in the pre-First World War decade. Within and between regional homogeneity and smooth specialisation, trajectories are instead representative of most of the remaining provinces. Among them, southern provinces exhibit specialisation paths revealing that little more than a composition effect occurred among manufacturing sectors
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