1,721,049 research outputs found
Mood disorders in subjects with bruxing behavior
No full textAn investigation was conducted on 105 subjects to assess the existence of an association between mood psychopathology and bruxism. METHODS: Validated clinical criteria were used to diagnose bruxism and a self-report validated questionnaire (MOODS-SR) was filled out by each patient for an evaluation of
depression and mania symptoms of mood spectrum. RESULTS: Prevalence of mood psychopathology, as identified by MOODS-SR score> or =60, was significantly higher in bruxers (11/38, 28.9% vs. 6/67, 8.9%; P=0.007). Significant differences between bruxers and non-bruxers also emerged in total MOODS-SR (P=0.001) scores and in total scores of domains evaluating manic (P=0.001) and depressive symptoms (P=0.007). CONCLUSIONS: Support to the existence of an association between
bruxism and mood disorders has been provided. Further studies are strongly needed to clarify mechanisms underlying the described association
REM sleep dysregulation in Depression: State of the Art
No full textDisturbances of sleep are typical for most depressed patients and belong to the core symptoms of the disorder. Since the 1960s polysomnographic sleep research has demonstrated that besides disturbances of sleep continuity, depression is associated with altered sleep architecture, i.e., a decrease in slow wave sleep (SWS) production and disturbed rapid eye movement (REM) sleep regulation. Shortened REM latency (i.e., the interval between sleep onset and the occurrence of the ␣rst REM period), increased REM sleep duration and increased REM density (i.e., the frequency of rapid eye movements per REM period) have been considered as biological markers of depression which might predict relapse and recurrence. High risk studies including healthy relatives of patients with depression demonstrate that REM sleep alterations may precede the clinical expression of depression and may thus be useful in identifying subjects at high risk for the illness. Several models have been developed to explain REM sleep abnor- malities in depression, like the cholinergiceaminergic imbalance model or chronobiologically inspired theories, which are reviewed in this overview. Moreover, REM sleep alterations have been recently considered not only as biological “scars” but as true endophenotypes of depression. This review discusses the genetic, neurochemical and neurobiological factors that have been implicated to play a role in the complex relationships between REM sleep and depression. We hypothesize on the one hand that REM sleep dysregulation in depression may be linked to a genetic predisposition/vulnerability to develop the illness; on the other hand it is conceivable that REM sleep disinhibition in itself is a part of a maladaptive stress reaction with increased allostatic load. We also discuss whether the REM sleep changes in depression may contribute themselves to the development of central symptoms of depression such as cognitive distortions including negative self-esteem and the overnight consolidation of negatively toned emotional memories
THE EFFECTS OF OXIRACETAM AND D-AMPHETAMINE ON ALL-NIGHT ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM SLEEP IN YOUNG HEALTHY-SUBJECTS
No full text
[Treatment of insomnia related to depressive disorders. Effects of zolpidem versus flunitrazepam administration and withdrawal evaluated in a double-blind study]. FT Terapia dell'insonnia correlata con i disturbi depressivi. Studio in doppio cieco sugli effetti della somministrazione e della sospensione di zolpidem versus flunitrazepam in pazienti depressi insonni.
No full textCognitive-behavior therapy, in patients with panic disorder presenting partial response to pharmacotherapy
No full textCharacteristics of eating disorder patients without a drive for thinness.
No full textOBJECTIVE:
The aim of this study was to investigate two samples of patients affected by anorexia nervosa (AN) or bulimia nervosa (BN), respectively, with and without the diagnostic feature of drive for thinness (DT).
METHOD:
The samples comprised 70 consecutive eating disorder (ED) outpatients at the Department of Psychiatry (University of Pisa) and 106 AN patients admitted to a day hospital in Toronto, Canada. Subjects were assessed on clinical and psychometric parameters.
RESULTS:
In both countries, 17% of the subjects had low DT as measured by the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI). They comprised the atypical group and appeared to have less severe psychopathology.
DISCUSSION:
Weight phobia should not be viewed as critical to the diagnosis of ED and DT could be a culture-bound dimension. Considering the differences between the two groups, the characterization of patients as typical and atypical may be clinically useful
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