51,339 research outputs found
Burn performance of fast ignited, tritium-poor ICF fuels
No full textThe potentials of fuels that are predominantly deuterium, with a small tritium content (tritium-poor deuterium), are examined in the context of the inertial confinement fusion (ICF) scheme known as 'fast ignitor', which is based on external heating of a portion of a precompressed target. For this purpose, the burn performance of compressed spheres of pure or nearly pure deuterium with an off-centre deuterium-tritium (DT) seed, ignited by an ultrapowerful external beam, has been studied using two dimensional (2-D) numerical simulations. The dependences of the fuel energy gain on the fuel mass and energy, and on the tritium fractional content F-T, have been studied; Limiting gain curves have been obtained for fixed values of F-T and of the isentrope parameter a. It is found that assemblies with F-T = 0.5-1%, fuel mass m approximate to 20 mg, compressed at density rho approximate to 1000 g/cm(3), can achieve tritium self-sufficiency (i.e. net tritium production). At alpha approximate to 1.5, the corresponding fuel energy at ignition is of the order of 1 MJ and the fuel energy gain can be about 1000. The potentials of tritium-poor configurations are also compared with those of equimolar DT fuels with different ignition configurations
Potentialy of Tritium-Poor Fuels for ICF Fast Ignitors
No full textThe burn performance of tritium-poor deuterium fuels, in conditions relevant to ICF fast ignitors, have been studied by two-dimensional numerical simulations. Compressed spheres of deuterium with an eccentric DT seed, ignited by an ultrapowerful external beam, have been considered. The dependence of the fuel energy gain on the fuel mass and energy, and on the tritium fractional content FT has been studied. Limiting gain curves (maximum gain achieved for a given fuel energy) have been found for fixed values of FT and of the isentrope parameter α, and have been compared with those for equimolar DT fuels with various compressed configurations. A region in parameter space has been found where net tritium breeding is obtained
RIDUZIONE DELLE DERIVATE DELLA OTTUPLA DI BRIGMAN MEDIANTE UNA QUALUNQUE TERNA AMMISSIBILE DI COEFFICIENTI
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Giustiza riparativa e sistema penale: uno sguardo d'insieme
No full textIl contributo rappresenta la sezione introduttiva del capitolo VIII dedicato alla giustizia riparativa e alla mediazione penale, del "Manuale di negoziazione e mediazione" che raccoglie contributi interdisciplinari relativi alle diverse aree della negoziazione e della mediazione.
In particolare, muovendo da un richiamo alle finalità della pena si sottolinea la novità della giustizia riparativa e in particolare della mediazione penale, basata sul superamento del conflitto fra le parti e la collettività, rispetto alle finalità della pena, sia considerate dal modello retributivo che da quello rieducativo, pur sempre reo-centrico.
In questo contesto si considerano i profili di riforma portati dalla cosiddetta legge Cartabia ed in particolare dal decreto legisaltivo 150/2022 il cui intero titolo IV è dedicato alla disciplina organica della giustizia riparativa in ambito penale
Flexible and Lightweight Solutions for Energy Improvement in Construction: A Literature Review
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Integrating geophysical methods, InSAR, and field observations to address geological hazards and buried archaeological features in urban landscapes
No full textThis study addresses the limited application of integrated geophysical and remote sensing methods in detecting and characterizing underground voids in volcanic settings, while literature primarily focused on karst sinkholes. It investigates a collapse-affected area near the historical center of Civita Castellana (Viterbo, Italy), where volcanic deposits and subsurface cavities were identified through boreholes and field surveys. The study aims to estimate the spatial configuration of hypogeal environments using non-invasive surface and near-surface geophysical techniques. A multi-scale and multi-source approach was employed, integrating electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), ground penetrating radar (GPR), and (interferometric synthetic aperture radar) InSAR. ERT, using a dipole-dipole configuration across four profiles with 1 m inter-electrode spacing, revealed high-resistivity anomalies (>400 Ohmm) linked to buried cavities at depths of 2-6 m. The largest void spans approximately 4 m(2) with resistivity values exceeding 900 Ohmm. GPR surveys, performed with a 100 MHz antenna along 10 transects, corroborated ERT results by delineating subsurface discontinuities and void geometries down to 10 m depth. InSAR provided large-scale subsidence patterns, highlighting localized zones with downward displacement rates up to -10.0 mm/year, aligning with geophysical findings and suggesting a continuous cave network contributing to surface instability. The results underscore the effectiveness of combining ERT, GPR, and InSAR for detecting underground voids in urbanized volcanic settings. This integration enables precise delineation of subsurface geometries and enhances risk assessment. The findings have considerable implications for urban planning, hazard mitigation, and cultural heritage preservation, offering critical insights into hypogeal environments in archaeologically and historically significant areas
Ignition Conditions and Fuel Energy Gain of Spark-Ignited and Volume-Ignited ICF Targets
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