1,721,179 research outputs found
Session: Whole cereal grains, fibre and human cancer - Wholegrain cereals and cancer in Italy
No full textThe relationship between frequency of consumption of whole-grain foods and cancer risk has been analysed using data from an updated series of case-control studies conducted in Northern Italy between 1983 and 1997. The overall dataset included the following incident histologically confirmed neoplasms: oral cavity and pharynx 524, oesophagus 410, stomach 745, colon 955, rectum 625, liver 435, gallbladder 65, pancreas 402, larynx 388, soft tissue sarcomas 217, breast 3412, endometrium 750, ovary 971, prostate 127, bladder 431, kidney 190, thyroid 428, Hodgkin's disease 201, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas 529, multiple myelomas 185. Controls were 10 058 patients admitted to hospital for acute non-neoplastic conditions unrelated to long-term modifications in diet, tobacco or alcohol use. The multivariate odds ratios for the highest category of wholegrain cereal consumption were 0.3-0.5 for upper digestive tract and respiratory neoplasms and colon, 0.6 for rectum and liver, 0.4 for gallbladder, 0.8 for pancreas, 0.2 for soft tissue sarcomas, 0.9 for breast and endometrium, 0.7 for ovary, 0.7 for prostate, 0.4 for bladder and kidney, 1.1 for thyroid and about 0.5 for lymphomas and 0.6 for myelomas. In this population whole-grain food consumption is an indicator of reduced risk of several neoplasms
SMOKING AND RISK OF ENDOMETRIAL CANCER - RESULTS FROM AN ITALIAN CASE-CONTROL STUDY
No full textTo determine the relationship between cigarette smoking and endometrial cancer, we conducted a case-control study. The cases were 726 patients with histologically confirmed endometrial cancers 74 years of age or less (median age, 59 years; range, 31-74) admitted between 1983 and 1992 to the Ospedale Maggiore (including the four largest teaching and general hospitals in the greater Milan area), to the Obstetrics and Gynecology University Clinics, and to the National Cancer Institute of Milan. The controls were 1452 patients younger than 75 years (median age, 59; range, 25-74) admitted for acute, nongynecological, nonhormonal, nonneoplastic conditions to the same network of hospitals where cases had been identified. Cases were less frequently ever-smokers (19%) than controls (25%). In comparison with never-smokers, the relative risk (RR) of endometrial cancer was 0.8 (95% confidence interval, CI, 0.7-1.1) in current smokers and 0.6 (95% CI 0.4-0.9) in ex-smokers. The risk of endometrial cancer decreased with number of cigarettes smoked per day and duration of habit. The estimated RR were, in comparison with never-smokers, 0.8 and 0.6 respectively in smokers of less than 20 and 20 or more cigarettes per day (chi(1)(2) trend 5.48, P = 0.02) and 1.0 and 0.5 in ever-smokers for less than 20 and for 20 years or more. There was no clear relation with time since first smoking, but the RR was lower in ex-smokers who had stopped smoking less than 10 years before the interview (RR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2-0.8) than in those who had stopped 10 years or more before (RR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.5-1.4). The estimated RR for ever-smokers was close to unity in premenopausal women, but apparently stronger in premenopause. Likewise the RR was 0.9 in lean (<25 Quetelet's index) smoking women in comparison with lean nonsmokers, but smoking appeared to reduce the association with overweight. The estimated RR of endometrial cancer, in comparison with nonsmokers with Quetelet's index <25 was 2.0 in nonsmokers with Quetelet's index greater than or equal to 25, and 1.3 in smokers with Quetelet's index greater than or equal to 25. These findings confirm the role of smoking on endometrial cancer risk. This risk reduction is, however, moderate in relative terms, and negligible from a public health point of view, in consideration of the negative consequences of smoking in several other diseases. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc
Trends of perinatal mortality in various italian regions, 1990-2002 | Andamento della natimortalit{\`a}, della mortalit{\`a} perinatale ed infantile nelle diverse regioni italiane, 1990-2002
No full textTrends in asthma mortality in Italy and Spain, 1980-1996
No full textAsthma is a major public health problem, with variable trends in several countries. We analysed mortality trends from asthma in Italy and Spain between 1980 and 1996. Overall asthma-related mortality at all ages increased between 1980 and 1987 in both sexes in Italy, from 16.6 in 1980-1981 to 29.0 in 1986-1987 per million males, and from 8.0 in 1980-1981 to 13.8 in 1986-1987 per million females, but decreased thereafter to reach 14.6 per million in males and 8.7 in females in 1996. The downward trends after 1987 were consistent in middle age and elderly population, but asthma mortality tended to rise in children and young adults over the last few years. In Spain, overall age-standardized mortality rates from asthma declined in men from 37.8 in 1980-1981 to 10.1 in 1996, and from 19.5 in 1980-1981 to 13.2 per million females in 1996. In women, the fall in mortality rates was smaller, and overall mortality was higher than in males since early 1990s. Trends of asthma mortality in Italy and Spain were favourable over the last decade
The decline in breast cancer mortality in Europe: An update (to 2009)
No full textWe updated trends in breast cancer mortality in Europe up to the late 2000's. In the EU, age-adjusted (world standard population) breast cancer mortality rates declined by 6.9% between 2002 and 2006. from 17.9 to 16.7/100,000. The largest falls were in northern European countries, but more recent declines were also observed in central and eastern Europe. In 2007, all major European countries had overall breast cancer rates between 15 and 19/100,000. In relative terms, the declines in mortality were larger at younger age (-11.6% at age 20-49 years between 2002 and 2007 in the EU), and became smaller with advancing age (-6.6% at age 50-69, 5.0% at age 70-79 years). The present report confirms and further quantifies the persisting steady fall in breast cancer mortality in Europe over the last 25-30 years, which is mainly due to advancements in the therapy. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd
Trends in mortality from major cancers in the Americas: 1980-2010
No full textBackground: Between the 1970s and 2000 mortality in most of Latin America showed favorable trends for some common cancer sites, including stomach and male lung cancer. However, major concerns were related to mortality patterns from other cancers, particularly in women. We provide an up-to-date picture of patterns and trends in cancer mortality in Latin America. Methods: We analyzed data from the World Health Organization mortality database in 2005-2009 for 20 cancer sites in 11 Latin American countries and, for comparative purposes, in the USA and Canada. We computed age-standardized (world population) rates (per 100 000 person-year) and provided an overview of trends since 1980 using joinpoint regression models. Results: Cancer mortality from some common cancers (including colorectum and lung) is still comparatively low in Latin America, and decreasing trends continue for other cancer sites (including stomach, uterus, male lung cancers) in several countries. However, there were upward trends for colorectal cancer mortality for both sexes, and for lung and breast cancer mortality in women from most countries. During the last decade, lung cancer mortality in women rose by 1%-3% per year in all Latin American countries except Mexico and Costa Rica, whereas rises of about 1% were registered for breast cancer in Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela. Moreover, high mortality from cancer of the cervix uteri was recorded in most countries, with rates over 13/100 000 women in Cuba and Venezuela. In men, upward trends were registered for prostate cancer mortality in Brazil and Colombia, but also in Cuba, where the rate in 2005-2009 was more than twice that of the USA (23.6 versus 10/100 000). Conclusions: Tobacco control, efficient screening programs, early cancer detection and widespread access to treatments continue to be a major priority for cancer prevention in most Latin American countries. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society for Medical Oncology. All rights reserved
Childhood cancer mortality in Europe, 1970-2007
No full textTo update trends in childhood cancer mortality in Europe, we analysed mortality data derived from the World Health Organization for all childhood neoplasms, bone and kidney cancers, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) and leukaemias, in 30 European countries up to 2007. Between 1990-1994 and 2005-2007, mortality from all neoplasms steadily declined in most European countries (from 5.2 to 3.5/100,000 boys and from 4.3 to 2.8/100,000 girls in the European Union, EU). In 2005-2007, however, mortality rates from childhood cancers were still higher in countries from Eastern (4.9/100,000 boys and 3.9/100,000 girls) and Southern (4.0/100,000 boys and 3.1/100,000 girls) Europe than in those from Western (3.1/100,000 boys and 2.5/100,000 girls) and Northern (3.2/100,000 boys and 2.5/100,000 girls) Europe. Similar temporal trends and geographic patterns were observed for leukaemias, with declines from 1.7 to 0.9/100,000 boys and from 1.3 to 0.7/100,000 girls between 1990-1994 and 2005-2007 in the EU. For kidney cancer and NHL mortality rates were low and have been declining in larger European countries over the last 15 years. The pattern of trends was less clear for bone cancer, with no systematic downward trends at age 0-14, though some fall was evident at age 15-19. Thus, mortality from childhood cancer continued to decline over more recent years in most European countries. However, the mortality rates in Eastern - but also Southern - European countries in the mid 2000's were similar to those in the Western and Northern European ones in the early 1990's. Some further improvement in childhood cancer mortality is therefore achievable through more widespread and better adoption of currently available treatments. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Trends in Mortality From Urologic Cancers in Europe, 1970-2008
No full textBackground: In recent decades, there have been substantial changes in mortality from urologic cancers in Europe. Objective: To provide updated information, we analyzed trends in mortality from cancer of the prostate, testis, bladder, and kidney in Europe from 1970 to 2008. Design, setting, and participants: We derived data for 33 European countries from the World Health Organization database. Measurements: We computed world-standardized mortality rates and used join-point regression to identify significant changes in trends. Results and limitations: Mortality from prostate cancer has leveled off since the 1990 s in countries of western and northern Europe, particularly over the last few years while it was still rising in Bulgaria, Romania, and Russia. In the European Union (EU), it reached a peak in 1995 at 15.0 per 100 000 men and declined to 12.5 per 100 000 in 2006. Mortality from testicular cancer has steadily declined in most countries in western and northern Europe since the 1970 s. The declines were later and appreciably lower in central/eastern Europe. In EU, rates declined from 0.75 in 1980 to 0.32 per 100 000 men in 2006, with stronger declines up to the late 1990 s and an apparent leveling off in rates thereafter. Over the last 15 years, mortality from bladder cancer has declined in most European countries in both sexes. The major exceptions were Bulgaria, Poland, and Romania. In the EU, bladder cancer mortality was stable until 1992 and declined thereafter from 7.3 to 5.5 per 100 000 men and from 1.5 to 1.2 per 100 000 women in 2006. Mortality from kidney cancer increased throughout Europe until the early 1990 s and leveled off thereafter in many countries, except in a few central and eastern ones. Between 1994 and 2006, rates declined from 4.9 to 4.3 per 100 000 in EU men and from 2.1 to 1.8 per 100 000 in EU women. Conclusions: Over the last two decades, trends in urologic cancer mortality were favorable in Europe, with the exception of a few central and eastern countries. (C) 2011 European Association of Urology. Published by Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved
Childhood Cancer Mortality in America, Asia, and Oceania, 1970 Through 2007
No full textBACKGROUND: Over the last 4 decades, childhood cancer mortality declined in most developed areas of the world. However, scant information is available from middle-income and developing countries. The authors analyzed and compared patterns in childhood cancer mortality in 24 developed and middle-income countries in America, Asia, and Oceania between 1970 and 2007. METHODS: Childhood age-standardized annual mortality rates were derived from the World Health Organization (WHO) database for all neoplasms, bone and kidney cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and leukemias. RESULTS: Since 1970, rates for all childhood cancers dropped from approximately 8 per 100,000 boys to 3 per 100,000 boys and from 6 per 100,000 girls to 2 per 100,000 girls in North America and Japan. Latin American countries registered rates of approximately 5 per 100,000 boys and 4 per 100,000 girls for 2005 through 2007, similar to the rates registered in more developed areas in the early 1980s. Similar patterns were observed for leukemias, for which the mortality rates were 0.81 per 100,000 boys and 0.55 per 100,000 girls in North America, 0.86 per 100,000 boys and 0.68 per 100,000 girls in Japan, and 1.98 per 100,000 boys and 1.65 per 100,000 girls in Latin America for 2005 through 2007. Bone cancer rates for 2005 through 2007 were approximately 2-fold higher in Argentina than in the United States. During the same period, Mexico registered the highest rate for kidney cancer and Colombia registered the highest rate for NHL, whereas the lowest rates were registered by Japan for kidney and by Japan and the United States for NHL. CONCLUSIONS: Improvements in the adoption of current integrated treatment protocols in Latin American and other lower- and middle-income countries worldwide would avoid a substantial proportion of childhood cancer deaths. Cancer 2010;116:5063-74. (C) 2010 American Cancer Society
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