1,720,990 research outputs found
The identification of cystic fibrosis (CF) cells and their pharmacological correction by mid-infrared microspectroscopy and unsupervised data analysis methods
No full textWe aimed at demonstrating that non-cystic fibrosis (CF) cells and isogenic, CF bronchial epithelial cell lines can be correctly classified by Fourier transform (FT) mid-infrared (IR) absorbance spectra and unsupervised methods for multivariate data analysis such as principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). CF cells were exposed “ex vivo” to VRT-325, a chemical corrector of defective anion transporter Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) caused by the F508del mutation. Unstained epithelial cells from CF patients and a healthy control were deposited on ZnSe window and analyzed with an IR interferometer connected to a FTIR microscope (microFTIR). In order to explain spectral variability reflecting biochemical differences between CF and non-CF cells, we applied PCA to dataset of untreated cells and cells treated for 24 hours with 1x10-5 M VRT-325. The information achieved with IR analysis was cross validated by the findings on CFTR expression and by the results of functional CFTR bioassays carried out in replicate samples. We conclude suggesting the possibility to utilize IR spectra analysis to recognize CF cells and the effect of pharmacological treatment aimed to correct the basic defect of C
FT-IR imaging spectroscopy as a complementary analytical technique to monitor lipids as biomarkers to high-LET (linear energy transfer) radiation
No full textSkin reaction to irradiation is a key factor to understand the role of high-linear energy transfer radiation in the treatment of cancer, as well as the tolerance of the damage and the functional changes induced in the contiguous normal tissues. Moreover, low doses of neutron are a potentially dangerous hazard during low earth astronautic orbit missions and aircrew activities. To this purpose, mice skin irradiated with 14 Mev neutrons was studied in term of its genomic response combining cDNA microarrays methodology, to analyze transcriptomic changes, and high resolution Fourier transform-infra red (FT-IR) spectroscopy, to monitor the lipid content and distribution in dorsal skin sections after the neutron irradiation treatment. FT-IR spectroscopy imaging provides both spatial and biochemical information on a micrometric scale without being destructive, thus representing a novel and powerful approach in the context of revealing radiation exposure effects. © Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei 2014
OPTICAL PERFORMANCES OF SINBAD, THE INFRARED BEAMLINE AT DAFNE
No full textSINBAD (Synchrotron Infrared Beamline At DANE) is the first Italian synchrotron radiation beamline operating in the infrared range. It collects the radiation emitted by DANE, an electron–positron collider designed to work at 0.51 GeV with a beam current I1 A. The actual performances of the beamline, in terms of brilliance gain with respect to blackbodies and polarization properties, are presented and discussed. Finally, the stability of the SINBAD source, a critical issue for Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, is discussed
The diffusion kinetics of CO2 in cordierite: an HT-FTIR microspectroscopy study
No full textIn this study, we describe the first FTIR measurements of CO2 desorption from cordierite, a microporous mineral stable up to high T conditions. To this purpose, we collected isothermal heating data on several (001) oriented sections of a well-characterized CO2-rich sample. Single-crystal slabs were heat-treated up to 1000 °C, and the intensity of the ν3 antisymmetric stretching mode of CO2 at 2348 cm−1 was monitored as a function of time. The experimental data were modeled by using the mono-dimensional plane-sheet diffusion formalism; diffusion coefficients were plotted in the Arrhenius space and activation energies were calculated. Final data are as follows: −logD0 = 4.2 ± 0.5 m2/s and Ea = 208 ± 11 kJ/mol. Comparison with diffusion data from the literature (Lepezin and Osorgin in Rossijskaa Akademia Nauk 339:658–661, 1994) shows that at 800 °C H2O diffuses almost two orders of magnitude faster than CO2 along the structural channels of cordierite, with the difference in diffusion coefficients increasing at lower temperatures, and this implies that at lower temperatures H2O mobility is more favored compared to CO2. Therefore, the volatile contents measured in exhumed rocks may not reflect the H2O/CO2 ratio upon cordierite crystallization, and this could significantly affect the thermodynamic calculations for fluid activities or peak metamorphic conditions
FTIR of phosphate minerals with complex H-bonds network
No full textPhosphates are among the most complex and variegated compounds in the entire mineral kingdom. Currently the total number of distinctive phosphate species is about 300 and most of them contains hydrogen as OH, H2O or in HPO4 2- group. Hydrogen bond has a central role in stabilizing the hydroxy-hydrated phosphate (HHPh) structures because it supplies the additional bond-valence (0.1 - 0.3 vu) contribution to the anions. Hence the (PO4) groups can link easily to all other interstitial cations (Huminicki & Hawthorne, 2002). For this reason, most HHPhs are characterized by the presence of complex tridimensional networks of O-H...O hydrogen bonds, which connect the
polyhedral units making up a three dimensional framework. Consequently, the dimensionality of the structural unit is controlled primarily by the amount and role of hydrogen in the structure (Hawthorne, 1998). This could explain the observed correlation between the position in the paragenetic sequence of pegmatitic phosphates, and the amount of H2O in their formula (Fisher, 1958). FTIR spectroscopy is a powerful tool for the study of hydrogen in minerals, but HHPhs are rather challenging to study because of their complex structures. Moreover, due the high OH/H2O contents, these minerals show extremely intense IR absorptions in the OH region. In this work, we describe the results obtained by IR spectroscopy in different spectral regions of selected phosphates (veszelyite, whiteite, vauxite, paravauxite, metavauxite, augelite, wardite, wavellite, lazulite, arrojadite). O-H and hydrogen bonds orientation were studied by single crystal polarized light m-IR-spectroscopy, and experiments at HT- and LT were performed to study phase transitions and dehydration mechanisms with the aim of defining the thermal stability of these minerals. Finally, some applications done by using the novel FPA-FTIR imaging methods are presented.
Fisher D.J. 1958. Pegmatite phosphates and their problems. Am. Mineral., 43, 181-207.
Hawthorne F.C. 1998. Structure and chemistry of phosphate minerals. Mineral. Mag., 62, 141-164.
Huminicki D.M.C. & Hawthorne F.C. 2002. The Crystal Chemistry of the Phosphate Minerals. In: Kohn M.L.,
Rakovan J. & Hughes J.M. Eds., Phosphates Geochemical, Geobiological, and Materials Importance. Rev. Mineral.
Geochem., 48, 123-254
Short-range order and chemical compositions of glasses along the basaltic-rhyolite sub-alkaline join by Raman and FTIR spectroscopies
No full text
Leptin induction following irradiation is a conserved feature in mammalian epithelial cells and tissues
No full textPURPOSE:
Leptin (LEP) is a peptide hormone with multiple physiological functions. Besides its systemic actions, it has important peripheral roles such as a mitogen action on keratinocytes following skin lesions. We previously showed that LEP mRNA is significantly induced in response to neutron irradiation in mouse skin and that the protein increases in the irradiated epidermis and in the related subcutaneous adipose tissue. In this work, we investigated the post-transcriptional regulation of LEP by miRNAs and the conservation of LEP's role in radiation response in human cells.
METHODS:
We used microarray analysis and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to analyze modulation of miRNAs potentially targeting LEP in mouse skin following irradiation and bioinformatic analysis of transcriptome of irradiated human cell lines and cancer tissues from radiotherapy-treated patients to evaluate LEP expression.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS:
We show that a network of miRNAs potentially targeting LEP mRNA is modulated in irradiated mouse skin and that LEP itself is significantly modulated by irradiation in human epithelial cell lines and in breast cancer tissues from radiotherapy-treated patients. These results confirm and extend the previous evidence that LEP has a general and important role in the response of mammalian cells to irradiation
Brochure TT INFN
No full text<p>Brochure sul Trasferimento Tecnologico di INFN che mostra esempi del portfolio tecnologico dell'Istituto</p>
INFN TT Brochure
No full text<p>brochure of INFN Technology Transfer, showing examples of INFN's tecnology portfolio</p>
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