1,720,989 research outputs found
Organizational change and individual experience: inertia and learning in formula one racing
No full textStructural inertia theory argues that changes in the organizational core, by disrupting internal routines, reset the liability of newness clock. The negative consequences of change are greatest immediately following the change and then, as the organization adjusts to its new routines, these negative consequences gradually disappear. Organizational learning literature suggests that new routines can be learned from other organizations through, among other means, mobility of individuals across organizations. In this paper I examine how the hiring of individuals with experience with the content of change affects organizational performance. In addition to finding support for the basic structural inertia arguments for core technological change of both a key supplier and a key individual interfacing with this supplier, I include the effect of previous experience of this individual with the key supplier. I argue, and find support, that previous experience mitigates the immediate negative consequences of technological change. However, by reducing the amount of problemistic search, it also reduces the long term performance of the organization. I test my hypotheses in Formula One racing teams from 1992 to 1999 and their change of engine suppliers and drivers
Le Tecniche di Previsione Tecnologica
No full textIl capitolo esamina lo stato dell'arte delle teorie e dei metodi di previsione dell'evoluzione della tecnologia. Oltre a passare in rassegna metodi quali curve as S, Delphi, analisi brevettuali, e simulazioni, il capitolo li colloca all'interno della letteratura sull'innovatione e propone una loro integrazione
Leadership
No full textIl capitolo di propone ti identificare e trattare le principali teorie sulla leadershi
Status in Organization and Management Theory
No full textStatus is a pervasive construct in the organizational literature, and a recent surge in interest in the topic testifies to its potential as a field of study. In this article, we review the existing studies on status, and we propose an integrative classification framework based on two distinct dimensions: the level of analysis—macro, meso, or micro—and the role status hierarchies play in extant research. We do so with a view to clarifying the status construct, differentiating it from the cognate concept of reputation, and clearly stating the ways in which status dynamics could inform organizational scholars and their research efforts. We conclude by highlighting underdeveloped theoretical intersections and suggesting potentially fruitful directions for future inquiry
Stir it up: how master-apprentice relationships affect the similarity of product offerings in high-end restaurants
No full textThis work explores the determinants of decisions by former apprentices to present product offerings similar to those of their masters. Using a quantitative study of 194 international chefs, this article argues that there is a negative association between the degree to which a master rebels against the rules and conventions of a field and master-apprentice similarity. It also shows that master status and a creative professional’s career stage during an apprenticeship moderate the association between master rebellion and master-apprentice similarity. The work concludes by outlining some implications for the career development and creativity of creative professionals and the emergence of new styles
Who shall get more? How intangible resources and aspiration levels affect the valuation of resource providers
Full text linkIn this study, we identify the effects of reputation and status by determining how they are differently valued by organizations that are concurrently pursuing different goals. Building on research on intangible assets and on aspiration levels, we develop a framework to explain organizations??? valuation of resource providers. We expect organizations to value resource providers who possess a specific type of intangible asset higher as their performance, relative to aspirations, decreases on the outcome more closely tied to that particular asset. We also expect to observe this sensitivity primarily when the organization has a low level of the intangible asset in question. Based on this framework, we derive specific hypotheses using the differential relationships between reputation and status, as two types of intangible assets, and product quality and revenues, as two types of goals. We find support for our hypotheses using a longitudinal dataset on National Basketball Association teams and players
Who shall get more? How intangible assets and aspiration levels affect the valuation of resources
No full textCombining findings from the research streams on intangible assets and problemistic search, we develop a framework to explain the valuation of resources by organizations. Similar to search behavior and resource acquisition patterns, we expect organizations to value resources more as they encounter problems those resources can help solve. We study this by considering two intangible assets, reputation and status, brought by resource providers to organizations, and two outcomes, product quality and revenues. Building on recent research that has found reputation to be more closely tied to product quality, and status to be more closely tied to revenues, we expect organizations to value resource providers possessing an intangible asset more as they encounter performance problems on the outcome more closely tied to that particular asset. Furthermore, we also expect this sensitivity to manifest itself primarily when the organization has a low stock of the particular intangible asset they are in need of. We find support for our hypotheses in a sample of NBA players and team
Cooking up an artistic identity: the case of high-end chefs
No full textThis paper explores the role of affiliations in the form of former apprenticeships in influencing the construction of creative professionals' artistic identity. In particular, it explores those factors that determine an apprentice's decision to offer creative products similar to those of his or her former master in the creative industry. An analysis of international haute cuisine chefs shows that the apprentice's choice to present an offering similar to the one of the former masterchef depends on three elements: the position of the master in the field (degree of rebellion), the master's status, and the apprentice's career stage during the apprenticeship. The paper concludes by discussing how creative actors' artistic identity is shaped by affiliations both at different stages of their professional lives and with masters with different status and with different degrees of rebellion towards the field's artistic canon
Money for nothing? Salary effects on performance of high-status NBA players
No full textIn this paper we examine the relationship between the quality of the resources obtained in
exchange relationships, the status of the exchange partner, and the money paid to obtain these
resources. We study both the determinants of the money paid to acquire resources and the
consequences of money paid on quality, thereby developing four hypotheses. First, the money
paid to obtain resources from an exchange partner is positively related to the past quality
demonstrated by that exchange partner. Second, the money paid to obtain resources from an
exchange partner is positively related to the status of that exchange partner. Third, as status of
an exchange partner increases, the amount of money paid to obtain resources from an
exchange partner will be less dependent on the past quality of that partner. Finally, the effect
of money paid to obtain resources from an exchange partner on the subsequent quality of
those resources will decrease as the status of the exchange partners increases. We use
longitudinal data on all basketball players in the National Basketball Association (NBA)
during the period 1989-2005 to examine the relationship between status, quality, and salary.
The results support our hypotheses. Specifically, we find that the salary paid to NBA players
is positively associated with their past performance and their status. However, the effect of
past performance on the salary paid to NBA players decreases as the status of the player
increases. Finally, the effect of salary on a player’s performance decreases as the player’s
status increases
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