1,721,091 research outputs found
Bogaert (R.), Kurgan-Van Hentenryk (G.) et Van Der Wee (H.). La banque en Occident.
No full textCassis Youssef. Bogaert (R.), Kurgan-Van Hentenryk (G.) et Van Der Wee (H.). La banque en Occident. . In: Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, tome 72, fasc. 2, 1994. Histoire medievale, moderne et contemporaine - Middeleeuwse, moderne en hedendaagse geschiedenis. pp. 562-564
Bogaert (R.), Kurgan-Van Hentenryk (G.) et Van Der Wee (H.). La banque en Occident.
No full textCassis Youssef. Bogaert (R.), Kurgan-Van Hentenryk (G.) et Van Der Wee (H.). La banque en Occident. . In: Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, tome 72, fasc. 2, 1994. Histoire medievale, moderne et contemporaine - Middeleeuwse, moderne en hedendaagse geschiedenis. pp. 562-564
Cassis (Youssef). Les Banquiers de la City à l'époque Edouardienne.
No full textKurgan-Van Hentenryk Ginette. Cassis (Youssef). Les Banquiers de la City à l'époque Edouardienne. . In: Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, tome 67, fasc. 4, 1989. Histoire - Geschiedenis. pp. 915-916
Cassis (Youssef). Les capitales du capital. Histoire des places fi nancières internationales 1780-2005.
No full textKurgan-Van Hentenryk Ginette. Cassis (Youssef). Les capitales du capital. Histoire des places fi nancières internationales 1780-2005.. In: Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, tome 86, fasc. 3-4, 2008. pp. 959-961
Bruneteau (Bernard) et Cassis (Youssef), éds. L’Europe communautaire au défi de la hiérarchie.
No full textBruneteau (Bernard) et Cassis (Youssef), éds. L’Europe communautaire au défi de la hiérarchie. . In: Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, tome 86, fasc. 3-4, 2008. pp. 901-903
Bruneteau (Bernard) et Cassis (Youssef), éds. L’Europe communautaire au défi de la hiérarchie.
No full textBruneteau (Bernard) et Cassis (Youssef), éds. L’Europe communautaire au défi de la hiérarchie. . In: Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, tome 86, fasc. 3-4, 2008. pp. 901-903
Bruneteau (Bernard) et Cassis (Youssef), éds. L’Europe communautaire au défi de la hiérarchie.
No full textBruneteau (Bernard) et Cassis (Youssef), éds. L’Europe communautaire au défi de la hiérarchie. . In: Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, tome 86, fasc. 3-4, 2008. pp. 901-903
Complementary currencies
No full textRecent decades have witnessed the proliferation of monetary instruments that differ, in many respects, from the official currency issued by the central bank and by the regulated banking system, such as local currencies, corporate barter, and mutual credit systems. Today, complementary currencies tend to appear as a bizarre exception to the rule of one single, all-purpose currency for each country (or currency area). However, in historical and comparative perspective, it is monetary plurality that prevails: different monies coexist side by side, serving different purposes, in most economies throughout most periods. The most significant and pervasive distinction in premodern economies was between internal and external money: one currency for the domestic economy and a different one for foreign trade. Only the rise of modern territorial states in the seventeenth century established the uniformity of the currency in each jurisdiction and the monopoly of coinage as a prerogative of sovereignty. In this chapter, we provide a broad overview of the various forms of complementary currencies throughout history, we analyze more recent experiments, and we review current proposals to introduce parallel currencies, before we turn to discuss how an enquiry into monetary complementarity can help shed light on the very nature of money itself
Commercial and financial services
No full textThis chapter deals with the performance of commercial and financial services in Europe. Companies in both sectors have undergone considerable concentration in all analysed countries, but those from Great Britain, Germany, and France emerged as the largest companies in Europe from the early twentieth century onwards. Most impressive, however, has been the expansion of the size and business of banks. The ‘financialization’ of the global economy has resulted in much larger companies, not only in the three leading European economies, but also in the smaller countries. Return on equity was overall higher and more stable for banks than commercial companies. Only in the early 1970s did the latter perform on average better than the former. In the late 1920s and at the turn of the twenty-first century, banks performed considerably better than commercial companies
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