1,251 research outputs found
From Italian Middle Ages to Brazilian contemporaneity: the journey of Dante\'s Beatrice as an idealized feminine figure
No full textO presente trabalho se propõe a fazer uma análise da construção de Beatriz como uma figura feminina idealizada nos textos Vita Nova e Divina Commedia, de maneira a destacar as nuances de uma representação moldada pela visão cristã dominante na Idade Média. A partir disso, pretende-se também investigar relevância de Beatriz na literatura brasileira contemporânea como uma imagem feminina ideal que ressoa em diversas obras, mesmo 700 anos após a morte de seu autor. Com o aporte teórico de autores como Auerbach (2020 e 2022), Candido (1969 e 2006) e Casini (2021 e 2023), é possível, nos textos literários aqui estudados, perceber a presença da mulher idealizada, seja de maneira tradicional que se aproximada da composição do poeta italiano, ou por meio de uma reinterpretação que dialogue com questões contemporâneas sobre o feminino. A partir da análise da amada de Dante, evidencia-se a necessidade de levantar reflexões sobre a condição feminina e os papéis que as mulheres ocupam na sociedade ao longo das transformações culturais e sociais enfrentadas pelo mundo com o passar do tempo. Os textos brasileiros selecionados para ilustrar essa análise de uma Beatriz moderna foram a música Beatriz (1983), de Chico Buarque e os livros A audácia dessa mulher (1999), de Ana Maria Macho, e Purgatório: a verdadeira história de Dante e Beatriz (2007), de Mário PrataThis work aims to analyze the construction of Beatrice as an idealized female figure in the texts Vita Nova and Divina Commedia. The goal is to highlight the nuances of a representation shaped by the dominant Christian point of view in the Middle Ages. From this, it also intends to investigate the relevance of Beatrice in contemporary Brazilian literature as a female role model image that resonates in various works, even 700 years after the death of her author. With the theoretical support of authors such as Auerbach (2020 and 2022), Candido (1969 and 2006), and Casini (2021 and 2023), it is possible, in the literary texts studied here, to perceive the presence of the idealized woman, either in a traditional way that approaches the composition of the Italian poet or through a reinterpretation that engages with contemporary issues regarding femininity. Through the analysis of Dante\'s beloved, the necessity of raising reflections on the condition of women and their societal roles throughout the cultural and social transformations the world has undergone over time becomes evident. The Brazilian texts selected to illustrate this analysis of a modern Beatrice were the song Beatriz (1983) by Chico Buarque, and the books A audácia dessa mulher (1999) by Ana Maria Machado, and Purgatório: a verdadeira história de Dante e Beatriz (2007) by Mário Prat
Environmental virological monitoring for occupational risk assessment related to solid and liquid waste processing
No full textLONG-TERM EFFECTS OF MONOCHLORAMINE DISINFECTION FOR LEGIONELLA AND OTHER WATERBORNE BACTERIA CONTROL IN A HOSPITAL WATER NETWORK.
No full textLONG-TERM EFFICACY OF HOSPITAL WATER NETWORK DISINFECTION BY MONOCHLORAMINE ON LEGIONELLA AND OTHER WATERBORNE BACTERIA
Author/s:
Beatrice CASINI1, Michele TOTARO1, Paola VALENTINI1, Janet STOUT2, Gaetano PRIVITERA1.
Organisation or Affiliation:
1 Department of Translational Research, N.T.M.S., University of Pisa, Italy. 2 Special Pathogens Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Backgroung: The choice of an appropriate disinfection method represents a determining factor for reducing water-associated infections in healthcare setting.
Objectives: Describe the long-term efficacy of an experimental monochloramine-based (MC) disinfection operated on the hot water loop of the Emergency Department (ED), a 112-bed ward of a teaching hospital.
Methods: Starting from December 2010, on a monthly basis, Legionella and nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) cultures were obtained on 126 water and 121 biofilm samples collected from the faucets of six distal and proximal sites from the MC generator device (Sanipur s.r.l., Italy)
Findings and Conclusions: Before MC disinfection, in all 6 sites water and biofilm resulted positive for Legionella pneumophila ST 269 (mean count 7.2x103 CFU/L), while 3 resulted positive for NTM only in water (mean count 40 CFU/L). An hyper-chlorination shock and super-flushing were performed. Subsequently MC was regulated to 1.5 ppm and Legionella was not found in the next 30 months, except in two instances as a consequence of the device failure (100% positive sites, 8.8x104 CFU/L mean count). Legionella was recovered only in 15% (18/121) of biofilms, always associated with positive waters. An increased log density of viable Mycobacterium gordonae was detected in 5 on 6 sites, with 53% (29/55) of positive biofilms. Following the increase of MC to 2.5 ppm, NTM cultivability was no more regain from 42 water samples and only one biofilm resulted positive (1/42).
Monochloramine resulted very effective although needed to be finely adjusted to get satisfactory results in the control of Legionella as well as other waterborne pathogens
Legionella pneumophila in healthcare facilities
No full textLegionella pneumophila are gram-negative bacteria found in freshwater environments; they can survive as intracellular parasites of free-living protozoa and within biofilms in building water systems. L. pneumophila multiply at temperatures between 25 and 42 degrees C, with an optimal growth temperature of 35 degrees C. There are 16 serogroups of L. pneumophila. In Europe, approximately 70% of Legionella infections are caused by L. pneumophila serogroup 1 and 20-30% by other serogroups. These bacteria cause respiratory disease (legionellosis) in humans when a susceptible host inhales aerosolized water containing the bacteria or aspirates water containing the bacteria. Legionellosis classically presents as two distinct clinical entities: Legionnaires' disease, a severe multisystem disease involving pneumonia, and Pontiac fever, a self-limited flu-like illness. Urine antigen tests and cultures of sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage are the most suitable clinical laboratory tests for Legionella. The new macrolide antibiotics, such as clarithromycin and azithromycin, show more effective in-vitro activity and a better intracellular and tissue penetration than erythromycin, as do the quinolones. Hospitals represent ideal locations for Legionnaires' disease transmission: at-risk individuals are present in large numbers; plumbing systems are frequently old and complex, favouring multiplication of the organism; and water temperatures are often reduced to prevent scalding of patients. Safe water is vital to ensure patient safety and reduce costs where waterborne infections cause increasing morbidity, mortality, treatment costs, longer hospital stays and compensation claims. The WHO has developed Water Safety Plans for preventing or controlling the risks through system assessment, monitoring, surveillance and management/communication, so that health outcomes can be improved, that is a systematic approach is required to secure microbial safety
Clinton F and Beatrice Ward
No full textClinton F. and Beatrice Ward Parvin of Old Manatee (East Bradenton). She is the author of "I Remember, a family memoir." Copy on file at the Manatee County Central Library
Didattica Universitaria Online
No full textDidattica Universitaria Online (DUO) è un progetto complesso e articolato che ha lo scopo di riportare lo stato dell’arte della didattica online nelle università italiane. È stato possibile realizzare questo prodotto grazie alla collaborazione tra due Associazioni di ricerca che rappresentano punti di riferimento importanti e complementari relativamente all’uso dell’E-learning e delle tecnologie nella formazione: il Collaborative Knowledge Building Group (C.K.B.G.) (www. ckbg.org) e la Società Italiana per l’Elearning (Sie-l) (www.sie-l.it). Infatti, i quattro curatori dell’opera hanno lavorato in rappresentanza delle due Associazioni: M. Beatrice Ligorio e Elvis Mazzoni per il C.K.B.G.; Aurelio Simone e Mirella Casini Schaerf per la Sie-l. La portata dell’opera è tale che è stata necessaria un’articolazione in tre Volumi: Volume I: Modelli e Teorie che si compone di 12 Capitoli; Volume II: Esperienze che contiene 16 Capitoli; Volume III: Strumenti e Problemi articolato in 5 Capitoli. La struttura dei tre Volumi non va considerata in modo rigido, in quanto i capitoli che li compongono possono essere selezionati e ricombinati su richiesta del lettore. Si tratta, infatti, di testi in formato e-book che, oltre a presentare una natura multimediale e ipertestuale, permette anche una elevata personalizzazione selezionando capitoli dei vari volumi per comporne testi appositamente creati on-demand. Quest’opera fa parte della Collana “Con-testi e Tecnologie” curata dal C.K.B.G. Altri testi che fanno parte della Collana sono: Knowledge Building Communities: ripensare la scuola come comunità di ricerca, a cura di S. Cacciamani; Formazione, Innovazione e Tecnologia, a cura di D. Cesareni e S. Manca
Plasma Tryptophan/Large Neutral Amino Acids Ratio in Domestic Dogs Is Affected by a Single Meal with High Carbohydrates Level
No full textAim of this study was to evaluate the plasma ratio between l-tryptophan (TRP) and five large neutral amino acids (isoleucine + leucine + phenylalanine + tyrosine + valine) (5LNAAs) after a single meal with high carbohydrates level. Five female Labrador Retrievers were involved. Each dog was fed three different meals: M1 (a mix of puffed rice, minced meat and olive oil), M2 (puffed rice and olive oil) and M3 (commercial dry food usually consumed) once in the morning per day for 30 days. Blood was collected right before the first meal (t0) and after 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 24 h. Plasma amino acids’ concentrations were measured using an HPLC (High-performance liquid chromatography) method with fluorimetric detection. Plasmatic TRP concentrations showed no significant difference between M1, M2 and M3 samples at any sampling time. M2 led to a decrease in 5LNAAs levels and consequently led to a significant higher TRP/5LNAAs ratios in the 6 h period after the provision of carbohydrates, compared to both M1 and M3. In addition, the mean TRP/5LNAAs ratio was significantly higher in M2 than in M3 at t8 and t10. These results indicate that meal composition affects TRP/5LNAAs ratio and possibly, TRP bioavailability
CRITICITÀ DELL’ULTRAFILTRAZIONE APPLICATA ALLA POTABILIZZAZIONE DELL’ACQUA
No full textPS13.26 - 490
CRITICITÀ DELL’ULTRAFILTRAZIONE APPLICATA
ALLA POTABILIZZAZIONE DELL’ACQUA
Vecchione A.*[1], Iannelli R.[2], Casini B.[1], Verani M.[3],
Ripari S.[2], Privitera G.[1], Carducci A.[3]
[1]Dipartimento di Patologia sperimentale BMIE, Università
di Pisa ~ Pisa [2]Dipartimento di Ingegneria civile,
Università di Pisa ~ PIsa [3]Dipartimento di Biologia, Università
di Pisa ~ Pisa
OBIETTIVI: Obiettivo di questo studio e stata la valutazione
dell’applicabilita dell’ultrafiltrazione come
unico trattamento per la potabilizzazione
dell’acqua su un impianto pilota dotato di membrane
MultiboreR, usato per il trattamento di acque
superficiali di classe A2.
METODI: L’impianto pilota prevede una prefiltrazione
(membrana da 200 μm), una ultrafiltrazione e
un controlavaggio (CIP: Cleaning In Place). La membrana
di ultrafiltrazione e costituita da fibre cave
parallele, ognuna con 7 tubi capillari di 0.7-0.8 mm
di diametro e pori di 0.02 μm. La membrana, dopo
prefiltrazione, e sottoposta a controlavaggio chimico
con 3 mg/L di HClO. L’impianto ha una portata di
3.5 m3/h ed e in grado di garantire
l’approvvigionamento di piccoli centri abitati.
L’analisi dei parametri di potabilita richiesti dal
D.Lgs 31/01 e stata condotta dal laboratorio dal
Gestore Unico d’Ambito; inoltre e stata effettuata
la ricerca di microrganismi tipici del biofouling, quali
Legionella spp. (norma ISO 11731) e Mycobacterium
spp. (Falkinham, 2000) e di indici di contaminazione
virale, quali i colifagi (norma ISO 10705) e il
genoma di adenovirus (Carducci, 2009).
RISULTATI: I parametri di potabilita valutati sono
risultati nella norma, ad eccezione di quelli microbiologici.
In particolare nell’acqua in uscita sono
state riscontrate elevate cariche microbiche totali e
la presenza di indicatori fecali, quali E. coli, Enterococcus
spp., spore di C. perfringens, oltre che di colifagi
e adenovirus. Cio mostra che l’effettiva capacita
di ritenzione della membrana non e quella attesa.
Inoltre le elevate concentrazioni di Legionella
spp. e Mycobacterium spp. riscontrate nel controlavaggio
indicano lo sviluppo di biofouling sulla
membrana, che ne riduce la performance.
L’incremento della concentrazione di HClO fino a 6
mg/L ha permesso di eliminare la contaminazione
da legionella e micobatteri, senza pero migliorare la
globale qualita microbiologica dell’acqua in uscita. I
livelli di DBP (disinfection by products) rilevati, in
particolare i trialometani, sono risultati sempre inferiori
al limite richiesto dalla norma.
CONCLUSIONI: Il trattamento delle acque destinate
al consumo umano con sistema ad ultrafiltrazione
puo offrire molti vantaggi, quali l’assenza di sottoprodotti
della disinfezione e il raggiungimento di
ottimi standard di qualita dell’acqua. Tuttavia una
corretta gestione dell’impianto e essenziale per evitare
il biofouling e la perdita di capacita filtrante,
con conseguente non idoneita dell’acqu
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