1,721,156 research outputs found
La scuola italiana è inclusiva con il bambino con profilo di alto potenziale cognitivo?
No full textEnvironmental toxin exposure in polycystic ovary syndrome women and possible ovarian neoplastic repercussion
No full textPurpose: Over the last two decades, increasing attention has been paid to environmental toxins and their effects on the female reproductive system. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous substances or mixtures that can mimic the action of steroid hormones and interfere with their metabolism. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are proinflammatory molecules that can interact with cell surface receptors and mediate the triggering of proinflammatory pathways and oxidative stress. The purpose of this review is to explore the effects of environmental toxin exposure in the pathogenesis of both polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and OC (ovarian cancer), considered separately, and also to evaluate possible neoplastic ovarian repercussion after exposure in patients diagnosed with PCOS.Materials and methods: We searched PubMed for articles published in the English language with the use of the following MeSH search terms: "polycystic ovary syndrome" and "ovarian cancer" combined with "endocrine disruptors". Titles and abstracts were examined and full articles that met the selection criteria were retrieved. A manual search of review articles and cross-references completed the search.Results: Extensive data from different studies collected in recent years concerning the effects of EDC/AGE exposure have confirmed their role in the pathophysiology of both PCOS and OC. They favor PCOS/OC development through different mechanisms that finally lead to hormonal and metabolic disruption and epigenetic modifications.Conclusions: Environmental toxin exposure in PCOS women could favor neoplastic transformation by exacerbating and potentiating some PCOS features. Further research, although difficult, is needed in order to prevent further diffusion of these substances in the environment, or at least to provide adequate information to the population considered at risk
Endocrine disrupting chemicals and endometrial cancer. An overview of recent laboratory evidence and epidemiological studies
No full textBackground: Although exposure to endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs) has been suggested as a contributing factor to a range of women's health disorders including infertility, polycystic ovaries and the early onset of puberty, considerable challenges remain in attributing cause and effect on gynaecological cancer. Until recently, there were relatively few epidemiological studies examining the relationship between EDCs and endometrial cancer, however, in the last years the number of these studies has increased. Methods: A systematic MEDLINE (PubMed) search was performed and relevant articles published in the last 23 years (from 1992 to 2016) were selected. Results: Human studies and animal experiments are confirming a carcinogenic effect due to the EDC exposure and its carcinogenesis process result to be complex, multifactorial and long standing, thus, it is extremely difficult to obtain the epidemiological proof of a carcinogenic effect of EDCs for the high number of confusing factors. Conclusions: The carcinogenic effects of endocrine disruptors are plausible, although additional studies are needed to clarify their mechanisms and responsible entities. Neverthless, to reduce endocrine disruptors (ED) exposure is mandatory to implement necessary measures to limit exposure, particularly during those periods of life most vulnerable to the impact of oncogenic environmental causes, such as embryonic period and puberty
La Procreazione Medicalmente assistita ed il SSN, la nostra esperienza 1999-2003
No full textSi descrive la nostra esperienza dal 1999 al 2003 nel campo della PMA in rapporto al SS
Endometrial Scratching for Improving Endometrial Receptivity: a Critical Review of Old and New Clinical Evidence
No full textEndometrial scratching is intentional injury of the endometrium intended to improve the reproductive outcomes of infertile women who seek pregnancy. In recent years, several randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses of trials have been published, reporting controversial results. Some authors have recommended against endometrial scratching in clinical practice, while others have recommended its application to specific categories of patients. This article aimed to provide a critical analysis of the old and new available evidence, to assist physicians interpreting the published data, and to generate insights for future research on the topic
Is endometrial receptivity impaired in women with polycystic ovary syndrome?
No full textWomen with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) seem to have impaired reproductive performances. It is generally considered that an altered ovulatory function is the main cause of infertility in the affected women. However, other factors may play a role in the pathogenesis of the PCOS-related infertility. During the last years, more and more importance has been given to endometrium as contributor of the PCOS-related subfertility. In the present narrative review, the main and recent experimental and clinical data will discuss in order to clarify the role played by the endometrium in the PCOS-related subfertility. The overall analysis of available data suggests that, in women with PCOS, the endometrium is primarily affected, and closely and deeply influenced by the several hormonal, metabolic, clinical alterations related to the syndrome
Myoma and myomectomy. poor evidence concern in pregnancy.
No full textAIM:
Summarize the results of the many, but often underpowered, studies on pregnancy complicated by myoma or myomectomy.
METHODS:
Survey of the electronic PubMed database for the last two decades was conducted. We selected reviews, meta-analyses, case series, case reports, clinical studies only with statistical analysis, and guidelines from scientific societies.
RESULTS:
Delaying childbearing leads to an increased incidence of pregnancy complicated by fibroids or previous myomectomy. Approximately 10-30% of pregnant women with myomas develop complications during gestation, at delivery and in puerperium. Submucosal, retroplacental, large and multiple myomas have a greater risk of complications. Cervical myomas, although rare, need careful management. The location and size of the fibroids should be assessed from the first trimester. Despite the increased risk of cesarean section, fibroids are not a contraindication to labor, unless they obstruct the birth canal or other obstetric conditions coexist. Myomectomy during pregnancy, in selected cases, is feasible and safe. Myomectomy cannot be considered a prophylactic measure prior to conception, but has to be individualized. Uterine rupture after myomectomy generally occurs in the third trimester or during labor and some associated risk factors have been identified. There is no consensus on the optimal interval between myomectomy and conception.
CONCLUSIONS:
Pregnancy in patients with fibroids or previous myomectomy should be considered as high risk, requiring a maternal-fetal medicine specialist. To date available literature is inconsistent on evidence-based management. Further research is needed for definitive recommendations
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