1,721,074 research outputs found
Accessibility Indicators for Freight Transport Terminals
No full textAccessibility is usually defined as the possibility to reach some activities from a given point and with a given transport system. With respect to the comparison of different project scenarios, an accessibility analysis could be used like a decision support system for planning a territorial system, allowing a comparative evaluation based on accessibility variations. In this paper, a methodology is proposed for the estimation of a transport terminal influence area based on an accessibility analysis. The methodology has been applied for the influence areas of two commercial ports of Campania region in southern Italy. Moreover, some accessibility indicators specific for freight transport are presented and estimated overcoming some limitations of the existing measures
A cost-benefit analysis based on the carbon footprint derived from plug-in hybrid electric buses for urban public transport services
No full textSustainable mobility and green development are based on the achievement of three goals: environment, society and economy. This means that a sustainable plan/project must be, at the same time, equitable, viable, and bearable. In urban areas, the transport sector significantly impacts with respect to both fuel consumption and environmental emissions. At this aim, planning policies aimed at reducing these negative impacts are very important. Many researches cover the problem of perform rational decisions to improve the transportation sector. One of the most useful quantitative methods to evaluate rational project solution is the cost-benefit analysis. In literature the "traditional" cost-benefit analysis not always take into account the overall carbon footprint of a transport project/policy. The âcarbon footprintâ is the total (direct and indirect) amount of greenhouse gas emissions caused by a project/policy/service expressed as the overall amount of carbon dioxide equivalent emitted. Moreover, the recent economic crisis has made necessary also to generate a "profit" from transport services/infrastructures, as well as positive impacts for users and for environment. Starting from these considerations the aims of this paper were: i) to evaluate if the use of hybrid electric buses for a new urban public transport services could produce profit for a private/public transport operator; ii) to develop a cost-benefit analysis explicitly considering the overall carbon footprint (and not only the local impacts) produced by this vehicle technology. The case study was a new urban bus line designed in a medium size city, Salerno, in Italy. The results of the study underline that the use of hybrid electric buses could produce a profit for private/public transport operators and the analysis based on the overall carbon footprint allow to better estimate the (positive) impacts deriving from the use of this vehicle technology. Since the hybrid electric buses have a carbon footprint -12/18% lower than a traditional bus, an urban transportation service based on this type of technology allows to obtain grater benefits up to +82% against a traditional one
Particulate matter concentrations in urban metro systems: Case studies and a literature review
No full textMany experimental results round the worls have measured elevated concentrations of fine particles in underground metro systems, with significant implications for human health caused by the protacted exposition to Particulate Matter (PM). On the basis of these considerations, the aim of this research is to propose an original literature review with respect to the particulate matter concentrations (PM10 and PM2.5) both for underground and for ground-level urban metro system
How to Reduce Particulate Matter Concentrations in a Railway Metro System?
No full textEnvironmental surveys performed in different case studies round the world have often observed high concentrations of particulate matter (both PM10 and PM2.5) in railway metro systems. These particulate matter concentrations are generated by mechanical friction between rail and wheels and between wheels and brakes interactions aside from the re-suspension of these particles caused by the train passage. In this paper was investigated the importance in considering useful system devices to reduce particulate matter concentrations in a metro system. A measurement survey was performed in 2017 in the metro Line 1 of Naples - Italy. From the results it is possible to conclude that PM concentrations measured in metro system equipped with system devices able to reduce PM levels are significantly lower than the ones measured in "traditional" metro systems. This result allow to poses the bases for both the design and the retrofitting of metro systems round the world
Urban sustainable mobility. Part 2: Simulation models and impacts estimation
Full text linkThe urban sustainable transport policies are very different in terms of costs and expected benefits, and the effects of these policies and their combinations are difficult to anticipate on a purely intuitive basis and sometimes the end effect could be contrary to intuitive expectations (e.g. policies aimed to reduce pollution, ending up in increasing it). In this context, the concept of eco-rational planning assumes a central role. This means identifying the right mixture of interventions to be implemented on the transport system that is: rational for the transport system and sustainable for people's health and for the environmental and requires minimal economic resources. Starting from the results of the compendium paper (Part 1), the paper investigate on non-rational sustainable transport policies through an ex-post analysis on real casa application in Naples (Italy)
Urban sustainable mobility. Part 1: Rationality in transport planning
Full text linkThe impact of the transport sector is in the range of 20%-40% in terms of consumption of fossil fuels and emissions of greenhouse gases and particulate matter. In this context, policies aimed at reducing these effects are very important. Many urban areas are trying to adopt planning strategies aimed to a sustainable use of resources often referred to as sustainable mobility. These policies are very different in terms of costs and expected benefits, and the effects of these policies and their combinations are difficult to anticipate on a purely intuitive basis and sometimes the end effect could be contrary to intuitive expectations (e.g. policies aimed to reduce pollution, ending up in increasing it). In this context, the concept of eco-rational planning assumes a central role. This means identifying the right mixture of interventions to be implemented on the transport system that is: rational for the transport system (e.g. reduction in terms of congestion, traffic accidents, travel time) and sustainable for people's health and for the environmental (e.g. emissions reduction) and requires minimal economic resources (e.g. lower monetary cost per unit of CO2 saved). The paper discusses the importance of rational decisions in transport planning
Consenso pubblico ed analisi economico-finanziaria nel "progetto di fattibilità”: Linee guida ed applicazione al progetto di riqualificazione della Linea ferroviaria Formia-Gaeta
No full textIl testo vuole fornire al lettore delle linee guida per la redazione della prima fase del “progetto di fattibilità tecnica ed economica” e per le attività di dibattito pubblico (Stakeholder Engagement), con riferimento agli interventi sui sistemi di trasporto secondo quanto previsto nel Nuovo Codice degli Appalti (D.lgs. n. 50/2016). Tali linee guida vanno intese come rivolte sia ai tecnici del settore che alle Pubbliche Amministrazioni che vogliano applicare le recenti prescrizioni normative in materia di pianificazione e progettazione dei sistemi di trasporti nonché di finanziamenti pubblici. Le linee guida proposte sono state anche applicate per la valutazione della convenienza economica e sociale del Progetto di riqualificazione della linea ferroviaria Formia-Gaeta, linea storica italiana di particolare pregio storico-culturale, chiusa all'esercizio nel 1981
Particulate Matter concentrations in a new section of metro line: a case study in ItalyComputers in Railways XIV
No full textAll round the world, many studies have measured elevated concentrations of Particulate Matter (PM) in underground metro systems, with non-negligible implications for human health due to protracted exposition to fine particles. Starting from this consideration, the aim of this research was to investigate what is the \“aging time” needed to measure high PM concentrations also in new stations of an underground metro line. This was possible taking advantage of the opening, in December 2013, of a new section of the Naples (Italy) line 1 railways. The Naples underground metro line 1 before December 31 was long – about 13 km with 14 stations. The new section, opened in December, consists of 5 new kilometres of line and 3 new stations. During the period December 2013– January 2014, an extensive sampling survey was conducted to measure PM10 concentrations both in the \“historical” stations and in the \“new” ones. The results of the study are twofold: a) the PM10 concentrations measured in the historical stations confirm the average values of literature; b) just a few days after the opening of the new metro section, high PM10 concentrations were also measured in the new stations with average PM10 values comparable (from a statistical point of view) with those measured in the historical stations of the line. This result suggests that PM10 pollution in the historical section is delivered by the motion of the trains, almost immediately, into the new section of the line (\“piston effect”). Keywords: Particulate Matter, PM, underground rail, transport microenvironment, indoor quality
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