14 research outputs found
Changes in power assessed by the Wingate anaerobic test following downhill running
No full textFew studies have examined the effects of eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage on power despite power being a key performance variable in a number of sporting events. The aim of this study was to examine changes in anaerobic power (30-second Wingate Test), isometric strength of the knee extensors and flexors, muscle soreness, and plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity following downhill running. Eight men performed a 40-minute downhill (-7%) run on a treadmill, and measurements were taken on 6 occasions (2 baseline and 0.5, 24, 72, and 120 hours postrun). A second group of men (n = 5) had the measurements taken on 6 occasions without downhill running and served as a control group. A repeated measures analysis of variance revealed no significant changes in any measures across time for the control group. Following downhill running, significant (p < 0.05) decreases in strength (0.5–24 hours), and significant increases in muscle soreness (0.5–72 hours) and plasma CK activity (0.5–120 hours) were observed. A significant decrease in peak and average power (~5%) was evident only 0.5 hours postrun, and the decrease was smaller in magnitude than that of strength (~15%). These results suggest that power is less affected than strength after eccentric exercise, and the effect of reduced power on sport performance seems negligible
Changes in muscular power associated with delayed onset muscle soreness
No full textThe aims of the this study were to investigate the effects of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) following downhill running on cycling power output and to determine the extent of any relationships between power output, strength, and DOMS. 12 active male subjects (aged 18-25 years) were randomly assigned to either a test (n=7) or control (n=5) group. The test group performed a 5 x 8 minute downhill running protocol at a grade of -7% and a speed corresponding to 80% of the subjects age predicted heart rate maximum. Measurements of isometric knee extension and flexion strength, peak and average cycling power output (Wingate Test), muscle tenderness, muscle soreness and plasma creatine kinase (CK) were taken pre-run and 30 minutes, 24, 72 and 120 hours post-run for both groups. The test group did not perform the downhill running protocol. The control group showed no significant changes in any of the testing variables across time. For the test group, significant decreases (p2= 0.69) for extensor strength and average power were reduced 120 hours post-run (r2 = 0.32). No significant correlations were seen between soreness or tenderness, in relation to power output or strength, however this result may reflect a variation in testing protocols, and the use of active subjects with possible protection against damage and soreness. Results show that peak power, average power and strength are reduced during periods of DOMS, however, a direct relationship could not be confirmed from the current study without further investigation
Proprioceptive and muscle activation changes in triceps surae associated with exercise induced muscle damage
No full textThe aim of this thesis was to examine proprioceptive and activation changes that occur in triceps surae in response to exercise induced muscle damage (EIMD). While proprioceptive changes have previously been demonstrated in association with EIMD, the present investigation examined the role of a number of potential contributing factors to these changes, following both single and repeated bouts of eccentric exercise
Individuals, instinct and moralities: Exploring multi-species leisure using the serious leisure perspective
No full textDogs Offering Support after Stroke (DOgSS) - Two Cycles of Animal Assisted Intervention (AAI) Action Research at the Royal Adelaide Hospital's Stroke Unit
No full textAbstract onlyBackground: In acute settings, illnesses, e.g., stroke, can have devastating emotional impacts on people, their close companions and care-givers; AAI has been reported as improving patients' mood, enhancing quality of life. Aims: To determine, using Action Research: whether RAH-Stroke Unit dog-visiting makes a difference to the expressed mood of patients, the impact on informal patient supports present, as well as staff, volunteers, the dog-handler and dog. Methods: Cycle-1 was reported in-part previously1. In Cycle-2 we followed our protocol2 with minor amendment, collecting wellbeing data from RAH-Stroke Unit patients before and after the dog-visits, also from their informal supports visiting at the time. RAH volunteers and Stroke Unit staff provided anonymous/identifiable comment. Wellbeing was assessed by Smiley Faces (McNemar test) and Likert mood scales (paired t-test). Results: Feedback from Cycle-1 informed amendment of our project description for Cycle-2, e.g., allowing all ward professionals to refer. Preliminary Cycle-2 participant data analysis (n=41) showed a significant positive effect of dog-visiting on patient mood for both tests (p<0.05), with eight visitors participating. Comments were positive, encouraging and supportive, e.g., Patient: ”I felt a lot happier after the dog visit.”; Visitor: “...I would really love to see resident doggies”; Anonymous: “Lovely experience. Brightened her day.”; Staff: “...It’s good to see their [patients’] smiles. It also boosts nurses mood...” and “I am all for having dogs regularly visit the stroke unit...”. Conclusion: Feedback from Cycle-1 helped shape Cycle-2, with expressed participant mood also improving. Our findings can be used to inform future research and service dog-visiting.Monica Anne Hamilton-Bruce, Janette O Young, Susan J Hazel, Simon A Koblar, Austin G Milton, Carmel Nottle, Sonya McDowell, Ben Man
Contribution of free play towards physical activity guidelines for New Zealand primary school children aged 7-9 years
No full textReliability of the running vertical jump test in female team sport athletes
No full textInjury rates to the lower limb have increased over the past 40 years, coinciding with increases in female sport participation rates. Sport specific tests such as the running vertical jump (RVJ) are utilised for injury risk profiling, however the test-retest reliability is unknown. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the test-retest reliability of the thorax, pelvis and lower limb joint angular kinematics and kinetics for the RVJ test in female team sport athletes. Design: Three-dimensional motion capture with force plate integration was utilised as participants performed five trials on each limb on three separate days. Setting: Testing occurred in a biomechanics laboratory. Participants: Thirty-four females (Australian Rules Football = 15, Netball = 12, Soccer = 7) participated in this study. Main Outcome Measures: Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), effect sizes and typical errors (TE) of segment and joint angular kinematics and kinetics were calculated. Results: Poor to excellent reliability (ICC = 0.12 e 0.92), small to large effect sizes (0.00e0.90) and TE (0.02e289.24) were observed across segment and joint angular kinematics and kinetics Conclusions: The RVJ test is recommended when analysing ground reaction forces and joint angular kinematics in female team sport athletes
Inclusion of and attitudes toward animals within community living retirement villages for older people: a scoping review
No full textOur scoping review aims to consolidate the literature on the inclusion of and attitudes towards animals across community and aged living and care locales for people over the age of 60. The therapeutic benefits of human-animal relationships has been established in the literature. This review therefore aims to identify and understand barriers to the accessibility of animals across all aged living settings. The findings have potential to guide the future development and implementation of animal inclusive programs across aged living settings, with the ultimate aim of promoting the health and well-being of older people
Reliability of lower limb strength assessment in female team sport athletes
No full textBackground: Lower limb injury rates have increased dramatically in line with increased female sport participation levels. Muscle strength is a modifiable lower limb injury risk factor, guiding performance monitoring and rehabilitation.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the test-retest reliability of isokinetic and isometric lower limb peak torque to body mass of muscles acting on the hip, knee, and ankle in female team sport athletes. It was hypothesised the test-retest reliability would be good (intraclass
correlation coefficients (ICC) ≥ 0.75).
Methods: Thirty-eight female athletes (Australian Rules Football = 18, netball = 12, soccer = 8) aged 16–35 years participated in this study. Participants performed isokinetic (60°/s and 120°/s) and isometric testing on a Biodex Isokinetic Dynamometer on three separate days.
Results: Poor to good reliability was demonstrated for all joint movements (ICC = 0.38–0.88) with small to moderate effect sizes (0.00–0.43) and typical errors (5.65–24.49).
Conclusion: Differences in peak torque to body mass were observed between sessions one and two and/or one and three, demonstrating a learning effect. Therefore, three testing sessions, and/or the inclusion of a familiarisation session, is recommended for future assessments in populations unfamiliar with dynamometry
