1,721,055 research outputs found
Anorexia Nervosa, Theory and Treatment: Where Are We 35 Years on from Hilde Bruch's Foundation Lecture?
No full textHilde Bruch's foundation lecture in 1982 is a milestone from which to survey current theory and treatment for anorexia nervosa. Bruch described problems in body perception, emotion processing and interpersonal relationships as core theoretical aspects of the illness and built her theory of psychopathology on these aspects, as well as on animal studies on attachment. She also noted that many psychological problems result as consequence of starvation. In the first part of this paper, we parse Bruch's clinical descriptions into elements of psychopathology (disturbances in body perception, attachment, emotion expression, perception and regulation, social comparison, interpersonal, and family and therapeutic relationships), in order to assemble and update the theoretical evidence for a model of the illness. In the second part, we describe and extend her description of three core targets of treatment: family relationships, patient's inner confusion and nutritional restoration. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association
Treatments in eating disorders: Towards future directions
No full textThe aim of this paper was to present a review of treatments currently available for eating disorders. We review high-quality level evidence-based trials published in the Cochrane Library for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, eating disorders not otherwise specified and binge eating disorder. Cognitive behavioural therapy is the gold standard for the treatment of bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. Whereas treatments currently available for Anorexia Nervosa appear inadequate. Incorporating the family in treatment is of value for young people. New approaches addressing nutrition, cognitive styles and interpersonal relationships show promising findings in the treatment of these life threatening illnesses
A three-phase model of the social emotional functioning in eating disorders
No full textBackground Problems with social emotional functioning are an important part of eating disorder psychopathology. Aim This study aimed to propose a model of social emotional functioning before and during the illness and to explain the consequences for those involved. Method We propose a three-phase model of social and emotional processes as both causal and maintaining factors in anorexia nervosa. The predictions from this model are examined, and we consider the relevance for treatment. Results The evidence base for the theoretical model is presented: Phase 1 describes causal predispositions and environments, Phase 2 notes the way in which the symptoms themselves impact on brain function and social cognition and Phase 3 explains the reactions of close others. Conclusions A three-phase model including interpersonal and socio-emotional elements can be used to shape and plan treatment interventions. Understanding causal chains and consequences can give a rationale for change and frame therapeutic interventions. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association
The use of guided self-help incorporating a mobile component in people with eating disorders: A pilot study
No full textObjective: The aim of this pilot study was to test the acceptability and benefit of a guided self-help intervention incorporating a mobile component in eating disorders (EDs). Method Eighteen people with Anorexia Nervosa and eleven people with Bulimia Nervosa were included in the study for 3 weeks and self-report and behavioural assessments were made before and after the intervention which included 10 video clips, a manual, and limited guidance. Results: The most reported positive comment associated with the use of the vodcasts was the increased awareness about the illness. Adherence was good (29/31 subjects completed). A medium sized increase in Body Mass Index was found in participants with Anorexia Nervosa, and significantly lowered EDs and mood symptoms (effect size range = 0.72/1.35), and improvement in cognitive flexibility were reported post-intervention. Discussion: A guided self-help intervention incorporating a mobile component was both acceptable and associated with symptom change in people with EDs. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association
Eating in eating disorders
No full textThe aim of this paper is to bring eating back into the centre of the eating disorder discourse. The ability to interrogate and understand the central processes of appetite has increased considerably since the discovery of leptin and the ability to observe brain function with scanning methodologies. This has led to substantial progress in understanding the biological causative and maintaining factors in eating disorders, opening up the possibility of translating the latest findings into new forms of treatment. The biological mechanisms underpinning symptoms evolution and course of illness will first be described, follows by a discussion on integrating the research evidence in fear and feeding into patient care. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association
A systematic review of the ‘eating disorder voice’ experience
No full textThe ‘eating disorder voice’ experience has been reported by both clinicians and by patients with eating disorders (ED) as an important feature of eating psychopathology, however this has only become an area of research in the last decade. The main aim of this paper was to systematically review and synthesize the available literature on this topic. Systematic searches of seven electronic databases were performed up to June 2018. Thirteen peer-reviewed articles were identified. Findings suggested that the existence of an ‘ED voice’ is often recognized by patients with eating disorders and that this voice has a powerful, negative and omnipotent nature. Feelings of entrapment and defeat are commonly experienced in response to it and patients appear ambivalent towards it. The negative characteristics and responses to the voice are associated with eating disorder symptoms. Addressing the eating disorder voice using relational and interpersonal approaches has the potential to improve clinical and treatment outcomes for patients with eating disorders
The Role of Vividness of Visual Mental Imagery on Different Dimensions of Creativity
No full textAlthough research demonstrated that people can mentally manipulate and synthesize visual elements into a creative object, the role that vividness of visual imagery plays on creative imagery is still unclear. This study explored the relationships between vividness of visual imagery and 3 dimensions of creative imagery: originality, practicality, and mental spatial transformations of visual elements. Fifty-three participants performed the creative mental synthesis task and completed the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ). Results revealed a positive relationship between vividness and the practicality dimension of objects. No relationship was found either between vividness and originality or between vividness and transformational complexity. The association vividness-practicality seems to reflect the ability to use pictorial information of imagery when people generate functional objects that belong to specific categories. Future research directions are discussed. © 2011 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
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