128 research outputs found
[[alternative]]An Empirical Study of Cognitive Measurement on the Validation of APM and NFRT
No full text[[abstract]]The study contains the following purposes: (1) exploring the test-structure of Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrics (APM), (2) examining the process of solving APM, (3) investigating possible factors that affect the construct validity of APM, (4) developing New Figure Reasoning Test (NFRT), using cognitive measurement approach test design model and computer technology, (5) contrasting APM and NFRT from the viewpoints of test designing and empirical analysis, and (6) developing an automatic item-generation and online testing system for NFRT.
The main findings of the research results can be summarized as follows.
1.Test-structure of APM: The one-factor model can better explain the response patterns of both the high-school samples and the college samples. Since the main factor can not account for the variance validly, some other factors are believed to affect the test-structure.
2.Problem-solving process of APM: Constant in low rule, quantitative pairwise progression rule, figure addition or subtraction rule, distribution of three values rule, and distribution of two values rules—five problem-solving rules proposed by Carpenter et al. (1990)—can explain clearly how the testers induct and deduct while working on APM.
3.Other factors that affect the construct validity of APM: In addition to ability of induction and deduction, abilities not related to measurement goals—such as abstract thinking ability at a higher level, goal-management ability, mental flexibility, strategies of problem-solving, and learning ability—are all required by the process of solving APM. APM henceforth has poor construct validity.
4.Construct validity of NFRT: The construct validity of NFRT can be revealed by the following: (a) the test-structure of NFRT meets one-factor model; (b) Constant in low rule, quantitative pairwise progression rule, figure addition or subtraction rule, and distribution of three values rule can account for how the testers induct or deduct in the problem-solving process; (c) NFRT has a good nomothetic span.
5.Contrast between NFRT and APM: Unlike APM, NFRT has drawn attention of the researcher when he designs the test not only to more carefully control the cognitive process related to the measurement goal, but also to exclude affective factors that are not related to the measurement goals. The contrast between the empirical results of NFRT and APM reveal that the construct validity of the former is better than the latter.
6.Functions of automatic item-generation and online testing system: Responding to a specific input, the system can produce a test item with specific content features and specific difficulty, and yet various surface features. Secondly, the system can control the testing process according to specific inputs. Moreover, the system can generate an item automatically and give it out immediately. Finally, the system can keep track of the information of testing process, item features and testers’ response.
The study concludes with suggestions for using the two tests and further research.
VALIDITAS PREDIKTIF SKOR TES KETAHANAN DAN KETENANGAN BERPIKIR (TKKB) DAN ADVANCED PROGRESSIVE MATRICES (APM) TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA
No full textPrestasi belajar siswa banyak dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, faktor yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini yaitu sikap kerja dan intelegensi siswa dalam belajar. Prestasi belajar siswa yang tinggi ini sangat diharapkan oleh semua sekolah sebagai salah satu bukti tercapainya tujuan intruksional sekolah. Sikap kerja dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari instrumen TKKB dan Intelegensi diperoleh dari instrumen APM yang digunakan oleh pihak Laboratorium Psikologi Pendidikan dan Bimbingan FIP UPI dalam melakukan tes psikologis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu memperoleh data dan informasi mengenai validitas prediktif atau daya ramal dari skor tes TKKB dan skor tes APM terhadap prestasi belajar. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membuktikan bahwa skor APM dan TKKB dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi prestasi belajar siswa, sehingga hasil tes psikologis tersebut dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu pertimbangan penyeleksian siswa baru yang diprediksikan akan memiliki prestasi belajar yang tinggi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu teknik dokumenter, di mana Penulis mengumpulkan dan menganalisi data yang sudah ada baik dalam bentuk dokumen atau elektronik. Temuan dari penelitian ini yaitu skor TKKB dan APM berkorelasi positif dan signifikan terhadap beberapa mata pelajaran, sehingga mempunyai validitas prediktif dalam memprediksi prestasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran yang berkorelasi. -------- The learning achievements of students are heavily influenced by some factors, factors that are examined in this study is the work attitude and intelligence of students in learning. High student learning achievement is highly expected by all schools as one proof of the intruksional goal of the school. The attitude of the work in this study were obtained from TKKB instrument and Intelligence obtained from APM instruments used by the Laboratory Educational Psychology and Guidance FIP test in doing psychological UPI. The purpose of this study is to obtain data and information on the predictive validity or power predictor of test scores TKKB and test scores APM on learning achievement. This research was conducted to prove that the score TKKB and APM can be used to predict the learning achievements of students, so that the psychological test results can serve as one of the new student selection considerations predicted will have a high learning achievement. Research methods used in this research is descriptive method quantitative approach. Data collection techniques used documentary techniques, in wich the author collects and analyze the data that already exists in the form of documents or electronic. Findings from this research that TKKB and APM scores correlated positively and significantly to some subjects, so have the predictive validity in predicting learning achievements of students on subjects that correlate
Adapting Automated People Mover capacity on airports to real time demand
No full textThe Automated People Mover (APM) is an important asset for many airports to transport passengers inside or between terminal and satellite buildings An APM system normally runs on fixed schedules throughout the day, which means that the capacity of the APM is pre-determined and not depending on the actual demand. This at times can cause either an overcapacity, which leads to a waste of resources, or an under capacity, which results in passengers waiting at the station. Especially the latter factor is problematic, as it reduced passenger experience and can negatively affect the transfer process between airport facilities. In order to better match the offered APM capacity with the demand, it is proposed in this paper to use sensor-based predictive control system, which adapts the APM system capacity to real-time demand. By means of sensor data, passenger numbers are determined before they walk onto the stations platforms, and subsequently the APM system capacity is adjusted to the measured demand. In principle there are two methods to change the APM system capacity, i.e.: 1) by changing the APM capacity (i.e. more cars per train) or 2) by changing the frequency. A simulation test case was designed to provide numerical insight in the potential of adaptively changing the capacity of an APM, based on sensor derived real-time demand. The test case was derived from a variety of typical systems used worldwide and represents a complex APM system. From the simulation results it is concluded that an intelligent design of the control system results in significant improvements in terms of passenger experience, operational cost, capital cost and emission footprint. The favourable method of adjusting capacity to demand is by increase train capacity, before reducing the headway between trains.Transport Engineering and Logistic
VALIDITAS PREDIKTIF SKOR TES KETAHANAN DAN KETENANGAN BERPIKIR (TKKB) DAN ADVANCED PROGRESSIVE MATRICES (APM) TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA : Studi Deskriptif Skor TKKB dan APM terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa Kelas XII di SMAN 4 Kota Cimahi, SMAN 5 Bandung, SMKN 1 Sukabumi, dan SMKN 4 Sukabumi Tahun Ajaran 2015/2016
No full textPrestasi belajar siswa banyak dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, faktor yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini yaitu sikap kerja dan intelegensi siswa dalam belajar. Prestasi belajar siswa yang tinggi ini sangat diharapkan oleh semua sekolah sebagai salah satu bukti tercapainya tujuan intruksional sekolah. Sikap kerja dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari instrumen TKKB dan Intelegensi diperoleh dari instrumen APM yang digunakan oleh pihak Laboratorium Psikologi Pendidikan dan Bimbingan FIP UPI dalam melakukan tes psikologis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu memperoleh data dan informasi mengenai validitas prediktif atau daya ramal dari skor tes TKKB dan skor tes APM terhadap prestasi belajar. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membuktikan bahwa skor APM dan TKKB dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi prestasi belajar siswa, sehingga hasil tes psikologis tersebut dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu pertimbangan penyeleksian siswa baru yang diprediksikan akan memiliki prestasi belajar yang tinggi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu teknik dokumenter, di mana Penulis mengumpulkan dan menganalisi data yang sudah ada baik dalam bentuk dokumen atau elektronik. Temuan dari penelitian ini yaitu skor TKKB dan APM berkorelasi positif dan signifikan terhadap beberapa mata pelajaran, sehingga mempunyai validitas prediktif dalam memprediksi prestasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran yang berkorelasi.----------The learning achievements of students are heavily influenced by some factors, factors that are examined in this study is the work attitude and intelligence of students in learning. High student learning achievement is highly expected by all schools as one proof of the intruksional goal of the school. The attitude of the work in this study were obtained from TKKB instrument and Intelligence obtained from APM instruments used by the Laboratory Educational Psychology and Guidance FIP test in doing psychological UPI. The purpose of this study is to obtain data and information on the predictive validity or power predictor of test scores TKKB and test scores APM on learning achievement. This research was conducted to prove that the score TKKB and APM can be used to predict the learning achievements of students, so that the psychological test results can serve as one of the new student selection considerations predicted will have a high learning achievement. Research methods used in this research is descriptive method quantitative approach. Data collection techniques used documentary techniques, in wich the author collects and analyze the data that already exists in the form of documents or electronic. Findings from this research that TKKB and APM scores correlated positively and significantly to some subjects, so have the predictive validity in predicting learning achievements of students on subjects that correlate
Advanced GPR data processing algorithms for detection of anti-personnel landmines
No full textGround Penetrating Radar (GPR) is seen as one of several promising technologies aimed to help mine detection. GPR is sensitive to any inhomogeneity in the ground. Therefore any APM regardless of the metal content can be detected. On the other hand, all the inhomogeneities, which do not represent mines, show up as a clutter in GPR images. Moreover, it is known that reflectivity of APM is often weaker than that of stones, pieces of shrapnel and barbed wire, etc. Altogether these factors cause GPR to produce unacceptably high false alarm rate whilst it reaches the 99.6% detection rate which is prescribed by an UN resolution as a standard for humanitarian demining. The main goal of the work presented in the thesis is reduction of the false alarm rate while keeping the 99.6% detection rate intact. To reach this goal a set of data processing algorithms is developed and organized into an unsupervised target detection scheme. These algorithms are dedicated to clutter suppression and simultaneous detection of APM signatures in both GPR raw data and images resulting from them. The developed algorithms constitute together the following achievements: - An unsupervised generalized likelihood ratio test-based feature fusion framework; - A waveform based target detection/clutter suppression; - Advanced methods for construction of GPR maps The unsupervised generalized likelihood ratio test based feature fusion framework, which has been suggested in this thesis, takes as input an arbitrary amount of confidence maps corresponding to training and testing sites. The output of the framework is a list of target locations. The framework uses training data which can come from independent and non-coincident measurements with different radars and even sensors. The data from each of the sensors are processed independently to result in several detection lists. Every detection in these lists is accompanied with one or several features each represented by a scalar number. A decision level fusion is applied to reconcile the lists i.e. to associate the detections in them with the appropriate physical locations. Then the binary hypothesis testing is executed for the reconciled locations separating them on clutter and target lists. The generalized likelihood ratio test is employed to this end. The feature pre-normalization via Johnson's transform in suggested by the author to be used prior the testing. It is shown in the thesis that such approach outperforms the direct generalized likelihood ratio testing ad. hoc. based fusion techniques. The waveform based target detection/clutter suppression algorithm, which detects disc-shaped APM in heavy clutter with low false alarm rate, has been developed by the author. The algorithm detects a class of low-metal APM with a cylindrical shape (such as PMN2, M14, and NR22 etc.) using just a single reference target return. It suppresses clutter responses from friendly objects while marking the presence of targets with sharp monopulses and preserving the spatial pattern inherent to localized objects. The algorithm is insensitive to the reflectivity and physical diameter of the target and also tolerates certain volatility in the properties of the hosting soil. This algorithm is superimposed with a focusing technique to further improve the mine detectability. A number of improved projection techniques, which allow better detection of APM in focused GPR images is also developed by the author. These utilize the prior knowledge on the character of the spatial correlation properties of target images and allow detection of the burial depth of the target. The algorithms suggested in the thesis were tested on the data acquired during two separate measurement campaigns held at the special facilities for testing of mine detection systems. It has been shown, that the fused multi-feature detection that uses the algorithms reported in this thesis, significantly decreases the false alarm rate in comparison to the previously published studies for the same minefields.Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
Equivalent Fluid Modelling of a Honeycomb Acoustic Liner using the Acoustic Porous Medium Formulation
No full textOver the past decades, numerous methods have been used to study acoustic liners through their impedance, of which numerical methods are of particular interest. Despite their advantages, numerical methods are bounded by certain drawbacks. One such drawback stems from the need to accurately discretize the liner geometry, which can lead to large simulation wall-clock time. Another limitation is caused by the absence of a stable and robust impedance boundary condition to account for the liner effects. With such limitations, there is a need to develop new methodologies which can effectively mimic the effects of an acoustic liner. A possible approach could be to model them as equivalent fluids. Thus, the primary objective of this project is to investigate the efficacy of the equivalent fluid approach to reproduce the liner effects. To satisfy this objective, the Acoustic Porous Medium (APM), which is an equivalent fluid formulation available in the flow-solver PowerFLOW® is employed in the current thesis. For reproducing the liner effects with an APM, two different methodologies are explored. In the first approach, the APM model parameters are derived through an inverse algorithm which uses a priori known impedance as an input and gives the corresponding model parameters as an output. In the second approach, the APM parameters are derived through the pressure drop values, measured across the liner facesheet under a steady laminar flow. With both these approaches, APM faces some limitations when compared with the reference results. The shortcoming is primarily cause by the inability of the APM formulation to correctly account for the mass reactance effects of the reference liner. Moreover, the results have also raised doubts over the use of the APM formulation for low input porosity values. Thus, some improvements are required in the current implementation of APM to improve its efficacy for reproducing the acoustic effects of liner used in this thesis.Aerospace Engineerin
How to decrease straddle carrier traffic risk from a routing perspective?
No full textBetween 2009 and 2012, 30 collisions between straddle carriers have been observed at APM Terminals Rotterdam. Although none of these accidents were fatal, the urgency to decrease the rate of collisions, especially the risk of a potential fatality, is apparent. The measures to prevent these collisions currently in place are developed from an equipment or human perspective rather than a process perspective, which is the expertise of the author. This is reflected by the available and researched safety measures discussed in scientific and industry literature. Collisions are directly related to the straddle carrier locations. Locations are related to a large extent to the route they take across the terminal. In order to investigate the straddle carrier collision problem from a process oriented perspective, the main research question is asked: “How to decrease straddle carrier traffic risk from a routing perspective?”Mechanical, Maritime and Materials EngineeringMarine and Transport TechnologyTransport Engineering and Logistics2014.TEL.778
APM in different provinces.
No full textThe basemap of China was downloaded from the official website of the National Geomatics Center of China (NGCC) at http://www.ngcc.cn/ngcc/. The data used was calculated by the author.</p
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