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«Pare di trovarci ai tempi apostolici o ai tempi delle persecuzioni». L’esperienza della grande guerra nel taccuino di un religioso soldato, fr. Giacinto Secco FSC
No full textThis paper examines the unpublished diary of the Piemontese Lasallian brother Giacinto (born Paolo Secco), who in May 1917 set off for the trenches in the Karst plateau and died there the following 29th August. His notebook describes the short but intense experience of a religious brother as a second lieutenant in an infantry regiment. His narrative offers an interesting view of the relationship between the religious life and the military one, (spirituality at the front) and the appropriate forms of piety, and his tragic encounter with total war and mass death. In his writing Brother Giacinto, Italian soldier and man of the cloth, reveals a substantial alienation from the national 〈war culturo〉. But the work also shows how decisive the tradition of catholic intransigence was in his ennobling of the war as an opportunity for sacrifice and atonement, legitimising in Christian terms the carrying out of a duty to fight to the death
Una Chiesa in guerra. Sacrificio e mobilitazione nella diocesi di Firenze, 1911-1928
No full textLa “religione di guerra” rappresenta un’importante chiave di lettura per comprendere il primo conflitto mondiale. Narrazioni, simboli e liturgie, frutto dell’intreccio tra cattolicesimo e nazionalismo, alimentarono la mobilitazione “totale” e diedero senso ad un massacro senza precedenti. Come e perché ciò fu possibile?
Il libro risponde all’interrogativo mettendo a fuoco un microcosmo – l’arcidiocesi di Firenze – nelle sue articolazioni, personalità e soggetti collettivi, in un gioco di scala tra locale, nazionale e globale.
Al centro dell’analisi sono le figurazioni culturali e l’esperienza di una comunità sui generis: una Chiesa tutt’altro che unanime, ma unita da una fede capace di curare il trauma bellico, sostenere l’etica del sacrificio e immaginare un orizzonte di espiazione. Nella parabola dall’anteguerra allo sterminato lutto di massa emerge così il racconto di una “nazione cattolica” finalmente trionfante
Liturgie funebri e sacrificio patriottico: i riti di suffragio per i caduti nella guerra di Libia (1911-12)
No full textThis essay analyses the importance that funerals for the fallen in war acquired as part of the Italian national pedagogy of the early twentieth century, focusing on the Catholic contribution to the ethics of martial sacrifice and to the devotion towards the heroes of the fatherland. After a brief excursus about the politicisation of the memorial rites during the process of Risorgimento and the "First War of Africa ", the investigation focuses on the religious services dedicated to the dead in the Libyan campaign (1911- 12). The conflict against the Ottoman Empire marked in effect, a strong discontinuity: Through the several requiem Masses, the churchmen provided an unprecedented involvement in the cult of patriotic sacrifice, which was interpreted, in the context of the colonial expedition, in an aggressive and imperialistic way. The ideology of "crusade" and "martyrdom" became dominant in the soldiers'funerals, consolidating a national-Catholic "war culture which would shortly thereafter shift in the consensus to WWI and to the fascist regime. At the same time, the warmongering enthusiasms aroused doubts, oppositions and concerns. Some diocesan ordinaries, integrist sectors and the Holy See itself moved to regulate the rites of mourning, as they threatened to tarnish the specific characters of Christian piety in favour of a pagan religion of the nation. With the circular letter De suffrages pro defunctis in bello Tripolitano (3rd February 1912) the Sacred Congregation of Rites reaffirmed the prohibition of commemorative speeches, recognizing, however, the lawfulness and the inevitability of those "hybrid" ceremonies. Because of this ambivalence too, that directive was widely disregarded or circumvented. Symbols, epigraphs and prayers continued in fact to convey the stereotypes of the "holy war ", explicitly overlapping the hierocratic plan of Christian reconquest and the territorial expansion of Italy
Il culto dei caduti nella Chiesa cattolica fiorentina (1914-1926)
No full textThis article analyses Catholicism's contribution to the cult of the fallen soldiers of the Great War. In particular, it examines the Florentine Church during World War I and the post-war period. It looks at how funeral rites and commemorative prints fused the intercession for the dead and their devotion as martyrs of the faith and the fatherland. The rhetoric and liturgies of mourning were an effective means of conveying the National-Catholic canon which during the 20s found its physical representation in the erection of numerous monuments and votive chapels, by parishes and religious orders. This trend perpetuated the ideal of sacrifice for one's country and provided fertile ground for the meeting with the fascist political religion. Whilst it can be said that the Catholic ceremonies endorsed the fascist appropriation of the cult of fallen soldiers and acknowledged totalitarian expectations, at times in a symbiotic manner, it is also true that they reinforced the Church's claim for the monopoly on the symbolic-spiritual legacy of dying in battle
Existence of solutions to a phase-field model of dynamic fracture with a crack-dependent dissipation
Full text linkWe propose a phase-field model of dynamic fracture based on the
Ambrosio--Tortorelli's approximation, which takes into account dissipative
effects due to the speed of the crack tips. By adapting the time discretization
scheme contained in [C.J. Larsen, C. Ortner, and E. S\"uli, Math. Models
Methods Appl. Sci. (2010)], we show the existence of a dynamic crack evolution
satisfying an energy-dissipation balance, according to Griffith's criterion.
Finally, we analyze the dynamic phase-field model of [B. Bourdin, C.J. Larsen,
and C.L. Richardson, Int. J. Fracture (2011)] and [C.J. Larsen, IUTAM Symposium
on Variational Concepts with Applications to the Mechanics of Materials (2010)]
with no dissipative terms
Black Martyrs, Past and Present: Racial Violence, Christian Imagination, Secular Meanings
No full textIn a speech delivered in the aftermath of the conviction of police officer Derek Chauvin for the murder of George Floyd (June 2020), Democratic Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives Nancy Pelosi asserted that the latter sacrificed himself for justice, explicitly mentioning martyrdom. Although dismissible as political instrumentalization, this reference draws strength from a longstanding imagery centered on the sacrificial representation of African Americans who died as a result of racist violence. It is possible to identify a continuum from abolitionist representations of slavery to the lynchings that occurred in the white supremacist South at the time of Jim Crow laws, to the political murders that occurred during the civil rights season (particularly that of Martin Luther King Jr.). The essay aims to deconstruct this discourse, emphasizing its Christian framework, its stances on the Catholic side, as well as its ambiguities and paradoxical effects for the purposes of anti-racist militancy. In the dominant reading, sacralizing the victims of antinero racism entailed a selective focus on violence suffered, rather than violence acted upon. The result was a rhetoric that rationalized senseless deaths, turning them into occasions for national atonement/reconciliation, while at the same time marginalizing the theme of rebellion, protest, and social conflict as instruments of racial justice
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