1,721,009 research outputs found
Complex and regional-specific changes in the morphological complexity of GFAP+ astrocytes in middle-aged mice
No full textDuring aging, alterations in astrocyte phenotype occur in areas associated with age-related cognitive decline, including hippocampus. Previous work reported subregion-specific changes in surface, volume, and soma size of hippocampal astrocytes during physiological aging. Herein we extensively analyzed, by morphometric analysis, fine morphological features of GFAP+ astrocytes in young (6-month-old) and middle-aged (14-month-old) male mice. We observed remarkable heterogeneity in the astrocytic response to aging in distinct subfields and along the dorsoventral axis of hippocampus and in entorhinal cortex. In middle-aged mice dorsal granule cell and molecular layers, but not hilus, astrocytes underwent remarkable increase in their morphological complexity. These changes were absent in ventral Dentate Gyrus (DG). In addition, in entorhinal cortex, the major input to dorsal DG, astrocytes underwent remarkable atrophic changes in middle-aged mice. Since dorsal DG, and not ventral DG, is involved in cognitive functions, these findings appear worth of further evaluation. Our findings also suggest an additional level of complexity in the structural changes associated with brain aging
Nicergoline reverse haloperidol-induced loss of detoxifying-enzyme activity.
Full text linkWe evaluated the effects of nicergoline on antioxidant defense enzymes (detoxifying enzymes), during chronic treatment with haloperidol in rats. Chronic use of haloperidol (10 weeks, 1.5 mg/kg/day) induces a significant decrease in glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity, in selected areas of the brain. Co-administration of nicergoline (20 days, 10 mg/kg/day) significantly restored the activity of these enzymes to levels comparable to those observed in control rats. These observations suggest beneficial effects of nicergoline in the prevention and in the treatment of haloperidol-induced side effects
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH): a positive modulator of excitatory amino acid transmission in neuronal cultures
No full text[Inflammation management in ophthalmology: new evidences for cataract surgery and beyond]. La gestione dell’infiammazione in oftalmologia: nuove evidenze per la chirurgia della cataratta e oltre
No full textInflammation represents the manifestation of the host's vascular and cellular response to tissue damage, hypersensitivity of the immune system or autoimmunity. As soon as the damage is detected, the mechanisms of localization and removal of foreign substances and damaged tissues are triggered. This response is amplified by the activation of inflammatory cells and by the production of chemical mediators derived from arachidonic acid, vasoactive substances and cytokines. At the ocular level, among the different responses implemented by various inflammation mediators, the action of prostaglandins is mainly expressed in three ways: i) change of intraocular pressure; ii) induction of miosis; iii) increase of protein concentration in the aqueous humor. Ocular inflammation may continue long after the cessation of the initial cause and may also lead to serious consequences, including permanent vision reduction. For this reason, it is essential to establish a correct and effective therapeutic strategy, which allows to control inflammation, the symptoms and the clinical signs associated with it. This article therefore deals with therapeutic strategies to control inflammation, with a particular focus on the role of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in cataract surgery
Stimulation of calcium influx by inositolhexakisphosphate (InsP6): possible involvement of a specific class of membrane recognition sites.
No full text
Inositolhexakisphosphate (phytic acid) enhances 45Ca2+ influx and 3H-D-aspartate release in cultured cerebellar neurons.
No full text- …
