121,821 research outputs found
Emerging Role of the Fat Free Mass Preservation during Weight Loss Therapy through a Novel Advanced Bio-Impedance Device (BIA-ACC)
No full textTransboundary river basin management as an international public good: The case of the Nile Basin
No full textMood Stabilizers in Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders
No full textAutism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders including autistic disorder, Asperger syndrome, and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified as to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. All these categories are grouped together in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, classification under the category of Autism Spectrum Disorders. Behavioral disorders including irritability, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, and aggression are additional symptoms found in up to 20% of children and adolescents with ASD and require careful evaluation for appropriate treatment. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is defined by impaired attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, whereas ASD is defined by social dysfunction, communicative impairment, and restricted/repetitive behaviors. They should be distinctly evaluated in children and adolescents with ASD and intellectual disability in contrast to individuals without intellectual disability, because significant differences between these conditions exist. Mood disorders are also common in ASD and should be systematically investigated in this population of children and adolescents. Approximately 50% of children and adolescents with ASD receive medication for comorbid behavioral/ADHD and mood symptoms, mostly stimulants, antiepileptics and antipsychotics. Guidelines for the evaluation and treatment including medications for ADHD-like symptoms have recently been provided and should be carefully considered. Antiepileptic drugs are commonly used in ASDs with epilepsy, because seizures are associated with ASD in 10% to 30% of young patients, and as mood stabilizers. Lithium is another option for children and adolescents with ASD who present with symptoms of a mood disorder, such as elevated moods/euphoria, mania, and paranoia, whether accompanied or not by irritability. Experimental treatments are under investigation and currently include arbaclofen, a -aminobutyric acid agent, and N-acetylcisteine, a glutamate agent
Derivati di regioni ed enti locali. Quadro normativo e statistiche aggregate
No full textNell’ultimo decennio i contratti in strumenti finanziari derivati, detenuti da regioni ed enti locali, hanno subito un cospicuo ridimensionamento sia per numero che per nozionale di riferimento. I dati tratti dal monitoraggio svolto dal Ministero dell’Economia e delle Finanze (MEF) confermano questa tendenza positiva e certificano l’opportunità della scelta, compiuta dal legislatore a fine 2013, di introdurre, a partire dal 1° gennaio 2014, il divieto per le amministrazioni locali di stipulare nuovi contratti e di ammettere la sola possibilità di estinguere anticipatamente quelli già esistenti. La diminuzione dei contratti derivati sottoscritti dalle autonomie locali è avvenuta in concomitanza con un contesto normativo sempre più stringente. Il primo blocco temporaneo della operatività in derivati risale al 2008 per effetto del decreto-legge n. 112 del 2008, convertito dalla legge n. 133 del 2008, il cui articolo 62 vietava a regioni ed enti locali di perfezionare nuovi contratti, in attesa che venisse emanato dal MEF un nuovo regolamento finalizzato a individuare le tipologie di strumenti derivati ammessi, in sostituzione di quelle già contemplate dal regolamento di cui al DM n. 389 del 2003. Il regolamento previsto dall’art. 62 avrebbe dovuto essere emanato dal MEF, sentite la Banca d’Italia e la Consob. Il diverso orientamento circa l’approccio da seguire nella sua stesura tra il Tesoro da un lato (più orientato verso un’analisi di sensitività) e Banca d’Italia e Consob dall’altro (più orientate verso schemi basati su scenari probabilistici) ha generato una situazione di impasse, che tuttavia ha favorito una significativa riduzione dei derivati grazie al naturale scadere di molti contratti e alla estinzione anticipata di quelli precedentemente posti in essere. Il divieto definitivo è stato introdotto con la legge di stabilità per il 2014 (articolo 1, comma 572, della legge n. 147 del 2013), che ha modificato l’art. 62 del decreto-legge 112 del 2008. Nella sua attuale versione, l’articolo 62 del decreto-legge n. 112 del 2008 vieta alle amministrazioni territoriali di stipulare nuovi contratti derivati, di rinegoziare quelli esistenti e di sottoscrivere contratti di finanziamento che includono componenti derivate. L’attività di monitoraggio svolta in questi anni dal MEF sui derivati di regioni ed enti locali mostra da un lato che le politiche pubbliche, per essere efficaci, devono fondarsi sempre più su studi e statistiche aggiornati e dall’altro che solo la conoscenza sistematica e costante dei fenomeni è in grado di produrre nel lungo periodo buona regolamentazione e buona amministrazione
Tics and Tourette syndrome in autism spectrum disorders
No full textAutism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are more frequently associated with tic disorders than expected by chance. Variable rates of comorbidity have been reported and common genetic and neurobiological factors are probably involved. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of tic disorders in a clinical sample (n = 105) of children and adolescents with ASDs and to describe the clinical characteristics of a group with comorbid ASDs and tics (n = 24). The overlap between tics and other repetitive movements and behaviors in ASDs was carefully assessed. Among individuals with ASDs, 22 percent presented tic disorders: 11 percent with Tourette disorder (TD), and 11 percent with chronic motor tics. All had various degrees of cognitive impairment. An association between the level of mental retardation and tic severity was found. It is concluded that the occurrence of tics in ASDs should not be overlooked and should be carefully evaluated
Leptin,ghrelin and TNF-alpha before and after traditional Chinese diet and auricular acupuncture.
No full textGlutamatergic agents in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Current trends
No full textGlutamate transmission dysfunction has been found in various preclinical models of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), thus the glutamate system is a target for therapeutics. This report reviews current treatments for glutamate dysfunction in ASD models and clinical trials. Antagonists of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) have been tested in preclinical models of autism. Black and Tan Bachyuric (BTBR) mice model behavioral phenotypes of the three core diagnostic domains of autism, e.g. social deficits, impaired language and communication, and repetitive behaviors. A significant reduction in repetitive self-grooming was observed after mGluR5 antagonist administration in BTBR mice. SHANK 3 deficient mice which have altered synaptic transmission and plasticity, were administered IGF-1 treatment to reverse these deficits based on the hypothesis that reduced AMPA receptor levels reflect less mature synapses. Clinical trials have been carried out in ASD with glutamate NMDA receptors, but current findings are not sufficient for conclusions on safety and efficacy. Memantine is an NMDA antagonist under investigation in controlled trials that hopefully will provide new insight on its use in autism. Studies using novel treatments with other glutamatergic agents are also underway and encouraging results have been observed with N-acetylcysteine in treating irritability in ASD. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
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