1,721,157 research outputs found
Exosomes: Key tools for cancer liquid biopsy
No full textPrecision medicine is based on the identification of biomarkers of tumor development and progression. Liquid biopsy is at the forefront of the ability to gather diagnostic and prognostic information on tumors, as it can be noninvasively performed prior or during treatment. Liquid biopsy mostly utilizes circulating tumor cells, or free DNA, but also exosomes. The latter are nanovesicles secreted by most cell types, found in any body fluid that deliver
proteins, nucleic acids and lipids to nearby and distant cells with a unique homing ability. Exosomes function in signalling between the tumor microenvironment and the rest of the body, promoting metastasis, immune remodelling and drug resistance. Exosomes are emerging as a key tool in precision medicine for cancer liquid biopsy, as they efficiently preserve their biomarker cargo. Moreover, exosomes strongly resemble the parental cell, which can help in
assessing the oxidative and metabolic state of the donor cell. In this respect, exosomes represent one of the most promising new tools to fight cancer. This review will discuss the clinical applications of profiling exosomal proteins and lipids by high-throughput proteomics and metabolomics, and nucleic acids by next generation sequencing, as well as how this may allow cancer diagnosis, therapy response monitoring and recurrence detection
2D-PAGE maps of human red blood cell membrane proteins pre-fractionated with different extraction solutions
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2de maps in the discovery of human autoimmune kidney diseases: The case of membranous glomerulonephritis
No full textHow to bring the "unseen" proteome to the limelight via electrophoretic pre-fractionation techniques
No full textProteomics unravels the exportability of mitochondrial respiratory chains
No full textExpression of F1Fo-ATP synthase, which generates the majority of cellular ATP and is believed to be strictly confined to mitochondria, has recently been identified in ectopic locations, together with the four complexes of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) or enzymes from the Krebs cycle. Identification of these proteins has mostly been accomplished by proteomic methods and mass spectrometry – techniques that hold great promise in increasing our understanding of the proteome. The ectopic presence of ATP synthase has variably been attributed to contamination of the sample or to its action as a cell-surface receptor for apparently unrelated ligands, but OXPHOS proteins have sometimes been found to be catalytically active in oxidative phosphorylation, as they were true components of the system under investigation. The present article focuses on how mass spectrometry can increase our understanding of the proteome of subcellular membranes. We review the recent evidence for an extra-mitochondrial expression of OXPHOS by proteomics studies, highlighting what we can learn by combining these data
The latest advancements in proteomic two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis applied to biological samples
No full textAlbumin heterogeneity in low-abundance fluids. the case of urine and cerebro-spinal fluid
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